Zhou in Chinese / Japanese...

周 originally represents the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC) of ancient China.

It has become a surname in China that romanizes as Zhou from Mandarin, Chou in Taiwan, and often written as Chow from Cantonese.

The actual meaning is circle, circumference, lap, cycle, all, thorough, or perimeter. It is used in Japanese Kanji and old Korean Hanja with that meaning - though it can also be used as a name in those languages as well.

神舟 is the name of the Chinese spacecraft “Shenzhou.” The name means “divine craft” or “saintly vessel.”

The name is a play on words in Chinese, as there is an alternate name for China that is pronounced “Shenzhou” but means “Divine land” or “Land of the Gods” (just the second character is different).

The first flight of a Shenzhou spacecraft was in 1999, with more missions following. The next is planned for 2008, and will include China's first “spacewalk.” The tenth Shenzhou mission is planned for 2015, when China has promised its people that a Chinese astronaut will walk on the moon (or at least orbit the moon - there are two ways to interpret the announcement made in 2005).

For those of you concerned, this word is pronounced more like “Shen Joe” (with a slightly soft “J”) than the Romanization would suggest.

2016 Update: I wrote the above in 2006. Imagine that, 10 years later, none of the promises came true.

宙 means universe, cosmos, or outer space in Chinese, Japanese Kanji, and old Korean Hanja.

This can also mean air or midair depending on context.

In Korean, this can mean eternity in some contexts.

In Japanese, this can also be the female given name Haruka.

Peng, Lu, Ji, An, Cai, Lie, Zhou, and Kao are the eight fundamentals or forces of Tai Chi Chuan or Taiqiquan.

棚 (Peng) refers to the outward (or upward) expansion of energy.
履 (Lu) is often referred to as “rollback.” Lu is the ability to absorb, yield/deflect incoming force.
擠 (Ji) is often thought of as a “forward press.” However, it is also best described as a “squeezing out of space.”
按 (An) is a downward movement of energy, best translated as “(relaxed) sinking.”
採 (Cai or Tsai) translated as “downward pluck.” Cai is a combination of Lu and An.
列 (Lie or Lieh) is “Split” and is a combination of Peng and Ji.
肘 (Zhou) Elbowing.
靠 (Kao) Shouldering (for when the arms are bound/distance is too close to punch).

Source: https://combativecorner.wordpress.com/2015/12/03/the-8-energies-and-5-movements-of-taijiquan/

This is a Chinese surname that romanizes as Guo.

The origin was a tribe or group within the Zhou Dynasty. Descendants of this group still maintain this surname.

旅 is a single Chinese character, Japanese Kanji, and old Korean Hanja that means trip, travel, or journey.

In an older context, this could refer to an army brigade or a 500-man battalion from the Zhou-dynasty Chinese army.

In ancient China, 饕餮 was a ferocious mythological animal and the fifth son of the dragon king.

饕餮 can also refer to a zoomorphic mask motif found on Shang and Zhou ritual bronzes.

As an adjective, this can mean gluttonous, sumptuous (banquet), covetousness, greed, avarice, or intense desire.

福 is pronounced “fu” in Chinese.

The character “fu” is posted by virtually all Chinese people on the doors of their homes during the Spring Festival (closely associated with the Chinese New Year).

One tradition from the Zhou Dynasty (beginning in 256 B.C.) holds that putting a fu symbol on your front door will keep the goddess of poverty away.

福 literally means good fortune, prosperity, blessed, blessedness, happiness, and fulfillment.

You'll also see this character in Vietnam (where Chinese characters were the written form until a romanization reform) where it is pronounced Phúc - a word commonly used in Vietnamese names because of its good meaning.

See Also:  Lucky

非洲 is the Chinese name for the continent of Africa.

方舟 is the Chinese, Japanese, and old Korean name for an ark (as in Noah's Ark).

The literal translation is the square boat.

亞洲 is the Chinese name for the continent of Asia, the Far East, and refers to all things Asian or Asiatic.

See Also:  China | Singapore | Hong Kong | Taiwan | Japan | Vietnam | Korea | Mongolia | India | Pakistan | Iran | Iraq | Saudi Arabia

周斌 is the transliteration to Mandarin Chinese for the name Jobin.

Note if you are looking at the Romanization above: The “zh” is actually the Romanization for a soft “J” sound. And “ou” is like the English “oh.”

This Mandarin Chinese transliteratation of the name Jodi sounds the closest to the original English pronunciation.

滿洲 is the Chinese name for Manchuria, the homeland of the Manchu people.

滿洲 is a rarely-used term in modern China. They generally call the region “northeast China” these days.

綠洲 is the Chinese word for an oasis, as in refuge with water amid a vast desert.

宇宙 is a Chinese, Japanese Kanji, and old Korean Hanja word that means universe, cosmos, and space.

This can also be a given name, Hiroshi, in Japanese.

This is a common Mandarin Chinese transliteration for the male Greek name Zeus.

周潤發 is the name Chow Yun-Fat, the famous actor from Hong Kong.

大洋洲 is the Chinese name for Oceania (sometimes called Oceanica).

The geographical, often geopolitical, region consisting of numerous lands - mostly islands and usually including Australia. Basically, Oceania includes the Pacific Ocean and surrounding area.

This is the Chinese name for the continent of Europe.

Please note that Japanese use an alternate/simplified version of the first character and an alternate form of the second character. Click on the characters to the right if you want the Japanese/Simplified version of this two-character Europe calligraphy.

刻舟求劍 is an originally-Chinese proverb that serves as a warning to people that things are always in a state of change.

Thus, you must consider that and not depend on the old ways or a way that may have worked in the past but is no longer valid.

This idiom/proverb comes from the following story:
A man was traveling in a ferry boat across a river. With him, he carried a treasured sword. Along the way, the man became overwhelmed and intoxicated by the beautiful view and accidentally dropped his prized sword into the river. Thinking quickly, he pulled out a knife and marked on the rail of the boat where exactly he had lost his sword.

When the boat arrived on the other side of the river, the man jumped out of the boat and searched for his sword right under where he'd made the mark. Of course, the boat had moved a great distance since he made the mark, and thus, he could not find the sword.

While this man may seem foolhardy, we must take a great lesson from this parable: Circumstances change, so one should use methods to handle the change. In modern China, this is used in business to mean that one should not depend on old business models for a changing market.

This proverb dates back to the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC) of the territory now known as China. It has spread and is somewhat known in Japan and Korea.

宇宙平衡 is a proverb that is simply Universe Balanced (we might say “Balanced Universe” in English).

The first two characters mean the Universe. However, in some contexts, it can mean cosmic, cosmos, or outer space.
The second two characters mean balance or balanced (can also mean equilibrium).

Many things have opposite properties. The water you drink can also drown you. Pork may nourish you and keep you alive but under-cook it and it could kill you. Potassium nitrate is often used as a fertilizer to grow the food that sustains us but it's also been used as an explosive to topple buildings and destroy us.

This concept is easily associated with “yin yang” where an element has two opposite properties that are as different as night and day.

This proverb's meaning can be summed up this way: “Anything that can lead you to success may also contain great risks.”

This phrase is known in literary circles by Korean people (scholars or literature). It is therefore also a valid proverb in Korean Hanja, though most Koreans would not be able to make sense of it.

Please note that there is an unwritten rule when the same character appears twice in the same phrase, the calligrapher will alter the appearance so that no two characters are exactly alike in the same piece. This calligraphy has two repeating characters that will be written differently than they appear here.

The first four characters are often translated as “Go ahead as planned regardless of the weather” or, “[Overcome] despite the rain and wind.” The last four characters can mean “Stick together” but literally means “Take the same boat [together].”

風雨無阻同舟共濟 is a Chinese proverb that suggests that you are willing (or should be willing) to overcome any adversity, and accomplish your task at hand. The second part (last four characters) is sometimes left off but this second part strongly suggests that you should overcome that adversity together.

This is a poem, including a title, that celebrates the tactics and virtues of the Shaolin Kung Fu Monks for future generations.