The name Goshin Jutsu in Chinese / Japanese...

護身術 is the title for Goshin Jutsu (or Jitsu) in Japanese Kanji.

講道館護身術 is the title for Kodokan Goshin Jutsu (or Jitsu) in Japanese Kanji.

護身会 is the title for the Goshin-Kai school of Japanese martial arts.

護身 (Goshin) means self-protection, protection of the body.

会 (Kai) means meeting, assembly, society, association, or club.

護身道 is the title for the school of martial arts known as Goshin-Do.

The literal translation of these three characters is something like “self-protection way” or “protection of the body way.”

To put this in context, the term 護身 is often used for charms or amulets that are meant to protect the wearer from harm.

Note: This phrase is pronounceable in Chinese, but it not commonly known in China.

合気術 (Aiki-Jutsu) is a school of martial arts descended from Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu.

Note: Some also romanize 合気術 as Aiki-Jitsu.

武道会術 is the title “Budo Kai Jutsu” in Japanese Kanji.

体術 is the martial arts term Tai Jutsu in Japanese Kanji.

Taijutsu is a general term referring to virtually all Japanese martial arts styles that involve the use of the body (perhaps not weapons). The literal meaning of 体術 is “body technique” or “body skill.”

I included the Chinese pronunciation, but this is rarely used in Chinese.

This is Spinjitzu, Spin-Jitsu, or Spin-Jutsu from the Lego TV show Ninjago.

Note: Because this selection contains some special Japanese Katakana characters, it should be written by a Japanese calligrapher.

仁神術 is Jin Shin Jyutsu or Jin Shin Jutsu.

This is a practice of calming the mind and clearing the flow of Qi energy in the body. Jin Shin Jyutsu has some commonality with the practice of Reiki.

A good translation of 仁神術 would be “Benevolent Spirit Method.”

We can break that down into all of the possible meanings:

仁 = benevolence (esp. as a virtue of Confucianism), consideration, compassion, humanity, charity, kindness, or virtue.

神 = deity, soul, spirit, mysterious, psyche, god, divinity, spiritual powers, deva, divine, spiritual, or supernatural.

術 = way, method, means, art, trick, or plan. The correct romaji for this 術 Kanji should be “jutsu.” However, in martial arts, this is often written “jitsu” but in this case, “jyutsu” became common.

棒術 is the title Bōjutsu (though some use the romanization Bojitsu).

棒術 is a martial art centered around using a “bō” or staff as a weapon.

This title is a combination of the Japanese word “bō” (which means staff, stick, club, rod, pole, or cudgel) with the Japanese word “jutsu” (which means art or technique).

While this word can be pronounced in Chinese (bang shu), it's not a common term in China. Please consider this title to be “Japanese only.”

柔術 has been somewhat incorrectly spelled and pronounced “Jujitsu” for some time in the English-speaking world. The correct Japanese Romaji is Jujutsu or Juujutsu.

A little background on the word: By combining the Kanji pronounced “Ju” (which means flexible, pliable, gentle, yielding) with the Kanji pronounced “Jutsu” (which means art or technique), we get a meaning that can be translated as “flexible technique,” “gentle art” or “yielding technique.”
柔術 does make sense in Chinese as well, although pronounced “rou shu” in China.

The Jujutsu system has a history in Japan that started well before the 1600s. Some see this style as a variation of the “Empty Hand Method” (Karate-do). Even the samurai of old used some Jujutsu methods in defending themselves with their unarmed hands against weapons that could pierce their heavy armor.

There are convoluted relationships between various schools and systems of martial arts, but it's generally accepted that Jujutsu led to the development of Judo and a few other variations.