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Power of Oneself Self-Sufficient in Chinese / Japanese...
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自力 is a word in Chinese, Japanese Kanji, old Korean, and Buddhist term meaning: power within oneself; self-sufficient; by oneself; self-made; self-power; inner ability.
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| Characters If shown, 2nd row is Simp. Chinese |
Pronunciation Romanization |
Simple Dictionary Definition |
佛 see styles |
 fó / fo2 fo hotoke / ほとけ butsusaki / ぶつさき |
 More info & calligraphy: Buddha; Buddhism (surname) Hotoke; (surname) ButsusakiBuddha, from budh to "be aware of", "conceive", "observe", "wake"; also 佛陀; 浮圖; 浮陀; 浮頭; 浮塔; 勃陀; 勃馱; 沒馱; 母馱; 母陀; 部陀; 休屠. Buddha means "completely conscious, enlightened", and came to mean the enlightener. he Chinese translation is 覺 to perceive, aware, awake; and 智 gnosis, knowledge. There is an Eternal Buddha, see e.g. the Lotus Sutra, cap. 16, and multitudes of Buddhas, but the personality of a Supreme Buddha, an Ādi-Buddha, is not defined. Buddha is in and through all things, and some schools are definitely Pan-Buddhist in the pantheistic sense. In the triratna 三寳 commonly known as 三寳佛, while Śākyamuni Buddha is the first "person" of the Trinity, his Law the second, and the Order the third, all three by some are accounted as manifestations of the All-Buddha. As Śākyamuni, the title indicates him as the last of the line of Buddhas who have appeared in this world, Maitreya is to be the next. As such he is the one who has achieved enlightenment, having discovered the essential evil of existence (some say mundane existence, others all existence), and the way of deliverance from the constant round of reincarnations; this way is through the moral life into nirvana, by means of self-abnegation, the monastic life, and meditation. By this method a Buddha, or enlightened one, himself obtains Supreme Enlightenment, or Omniscience, and according to Māhāyanism leads all beings into the same enlightenment. He sees things not as they seem in their phenomenal but in their noumenal aspects, as they really are. The term is also applied to those who understand the chain of causality (twelve nidānas) and have attained enlightenment surpassing that of the arhat. Four types of the Buddha are referred to: (1) 三藏佛the Buddha of the Tripiṭaka who attained enlightenment on the bare ground under the bodhi-tree; (2) 通佛the Buddha on the deva robe under the bodhi-tree of the seven precious things; (3) 別佛the Buddha on the great precious Lotus throne under the Lotus realm bodhi-tree; and (4) 圓佛the Buddha on the throne of Space in the realm of eternal rest and glory where he is Vairocana. The Hīnayāna only admits the existence of one Buddha at a time; Mahāyāna claims the existence of many Buddhas at one and the same time, as many Buddhas as there are Buddha-universes, which are infinite in number. |
信 see styles |
xìn / xin4 hsin shin / しん |
 More info & calligraphy: letter; mail; CL:封[feng1]; to trust; to believe; to profess faith in; truthful; confidence; trust; at will; at random (1) honesty; sincerity; fidelity; (2) trust; reliance; confidence; (3) (religious) faith; devotion; (counter) (4) counter for received messages; (female given name) Yuki; (female given name) Michi; (female given name) Makoto; (personal name) Noburu; (personal name) Nobutsugu; (surname) Nobutaka; (personal name) Nobuji; (surname) Nobusaki; (personal name) Nobukatsu; (female given name) Nobu; (personal name) Shinji; (surname, female given name) Shin; (female given name) Shino; (female given name) Akiraśraddhā. Faith; to believe; belief; faith regarded as the faculty of the mind which sees, appropriates, and trusts the things of religion; it joyfully trusts in the Buddha, in the pure virtue of the triratna and earthly and transcendental goodness; it is the cause of the pure life, and the solvent of doubt. Two forms are mentioned: (1) adhimukti, intuition, tr. by self-assured enlightenment. (2) śraddhā, faith through hearing or being taught. For the Awakening of Faith, Śraddhotpāda, v. 起信論. |
光 see styles |
guāng / guang1 kuang hikari / ひかり |
 More info & calligraphy: light; ray; CL:道[dao4]; bright; only; merely; to use up (1) light; (2) illumination; ray; beam; gleam; glow; (3) happiness; hope; (4) influence; power; (5) vision; eyesight; (female given name) Mitsu; (given name) Hiroshi; (surname, female given name) Hikaru; (surname) Hikarizaki; (p,s,f) Hikari; (given name) Teru; (female given name) Tekari; (female given name) Sakae; (personal name) Kousou; (personal name) Kouji; (personal name) Koushou; (surname) Kouzaki; (surname) Kousaki; (personal name) Koukun; (female given name) Kouka; (female given name) Kou; (female given name) Kirara; (personal name) Kaizechuu; (female given name) Akira; (female given name) Aki; (female given name) Akari光明 prabha, light, brightness, splendour, to illuminate. |
力 see styles |
lì / li4 li ryoku / りょく riki / りき chikara / ちから |
 More info & calligraphy: power; force; strength; ability; strenuously; surname Li (suffix) strength; power; proficiency; ability; (1) strength; power; proficiency; ability; (suffix noun) (2) (after a number of people) the strength of ... people; the strength of ... men; (1) force; strength; might; vigour (vigor); energy; (2) capability; ability; proficiency; capacity; faculty; (3) efficacy; effect; (4) effort; endeavours (endeavors); exertions; (5) power; authority; influence; good offices; agency; (6) (See 力になる) support; help; aid; assistance; (7) stress; emphasis; (8) means; resources; (given name) Riki; (given name) Teiriki; (male given name) Tsuyoshi; (given name) Tsutome; (male given name) Tsutomu; (surname, female given name) Chikara; (surname) Takariki; (given name) Isamu; (given name) Isaobala; power, strength, of which there are several categories: 二力 power of choice and of practice; 三力 the power of Buddha; of meditation (samādhi) and of practice. 五力 pañcabala, the five powers of faith, zeal, memory (or remembering), meditation, and wisdom. 六力 A child's power is in crying; a woman's in resentment; a king's in domineering; an arhat's in zeal (or progress); a Buddha's in mercy; and a bhikṣu's in endurance (of despite) . 十力 q.v. The ten powers of Buddhas and bodhisattvas. |
勢 势 see styles |
shì / shi4 shih zei / ze / ぜい sei / se / せい |
 More info & calligraphy: power; influence; potential; momentum; tendency; trend; situation; conditions; outward appearance; sign; gesture; male genitals (suffix) groups engaged in some activity (players, companies, forces, etc.); (n,n-suf) (1) energy; (2) military strength; (personal name) Seiji; (surname, given name) Sei; (surname) Kioibala, sthāman. Power, influence, authority; aspect, circumstances. |
妾 see styles |
qiè / qie4 ch`ieh / chieh warawa / わらわ mekake / めかけ sobame / そばめ onname / おんなめ |
 More info & calligraphy: concubine; I, your servant (deprecatory self-reference for women) (pn,adj-no) (archaism) (humble language) (feminine speech) I; me; (out-dated or obsolete kana usage) mistress; kept woman; concubine |
影 see styles |
yǐng / ying3 ying kage / かげ eiji / eji / えいじ ei / e / えい |
 More info & calligraphy: picture; image; film; movie; photograph; reflection; shadow; trace (1) shadow; silhouette; figure; shape; (2) reflection; image; (3) ominous sign; (4) light (stars, moon); (5) trace; shadow (of one's former self); (surname) Kage; (personal name) Eiji; (given name) EiShadow, picture, image, reflection, hint; one of the twelve 'colours'. |
德 see styles |
dé / de2 te toku |
 More info & calligraphy: virtue; goodness; morality; ethics; kindness; favor; character; kind; Germany; German; abbr. for 德國|德国[De2 guo2]Virtue, moral excellence, moral power, power; also translates guṇa; translit. ta; attribute, merit |
忍 see styles |
rěn / ren3 jen nin / にん |
 More info & calligraphy: to bear; to endure; to tolerate; to restrain oneself (archaism) endurance; forbearance; patience; self-restraint; (given name) Nin; (surname, female given name) Shinobu; (place-name) Shinobi; (female given name) Shino; (p,s,g) Oshi; (female given name) Azumikṣānti, 羼提 (or 羼底); patience, endurance, (a) in adverse circumstances, (b) in the religious state. There are groups of two, three, four, five, six, ten, and fourteen, indicating various forms of patience, equanimity, repression, forbearance, endurance, constancy, or "perseverance of the saints," both in mundane and spiritual things; to endure |
慧 see styles |
huì / hui4 hui megumi / めぐみ muu / mu / むう fui / ふい takashi / たかし sui / すい sayaka / さやか satoru / さとる satori / さとり satoshi / さとし satoi / さとい sato / さと keiji / keji / けいじ kei / ke / けい e / え akira / あきら |
 More info & calligraphy: intelligent (1) wisdom; enlightenment; (2) (Buddhist term) prajna (one of the three divisions of the noble eightfold path); wisdom; (female given name) Megumi; (female given name) Muu; (female given name) Fui; (given name) Toshi; (personal name) Takashi; (female given name) Sui; (female given name) Sayaka; (given name) Satoru; (female given name) Satori; (male given name) Satoshi; (female given name) Satoi; (female given name) Sato; (personal name) Keiji; (female given name) Kei; (personal name) E; (female given name) Akiraprajñā ; sometimes jñāna. Wisdom, discernment, understanding; the power to discern things and their underlying principles and to decide the doubtful. It is often interchanged with 智, though not correctly, for zhi means knowledge, the science of the phenomenal, while hui refers more generally to principles or morals. It is part of the name of many monks, e.g. 慧可 Huike; 慧思Huisi. |
方 see styles |
fāng / fang1 fang hou / ho / ほう gata / がた kata / かた |
 More info & calligraphy: square; power or involution (mathematics); upright; honest; fair and square; direction; side; party (to a contract, dispute etc); place; method; prescription (medicine); just when; only or just; classifier for square things; abbr. for square or cubic meter; surname Fang (1) direction; way; side; area (in a particular direction); (2) side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; (3) type; category; (4) field (of study, etc.); (5) indicates one side of a comparison; (6) way; method; manner; means; (7) length (of each side of a square); (suffix) (1) (honorific or respectful language) (pluralizing suffix) Sirs; Mesdames; (2) (also かた) around (the time that, etc.); about; (1) (also ほう) direction; way; (2) (honorific or respectful language) person; lady; gentleman; (n,n-suf) (3) method of; manner of; way of; (suffix noun) (4) care of ...; (5) (also がた) person in charge of ...; (6) (also がた) side (e.g. "on my mother's side"); (given name) Michi; (female given name) Masani; (given name) Masashi; (surname) Hon; (surname, female given name) Hou; (surname) Fuon; (surname) Pan; (surname) Ban; (surname) Tokukata; (given name) Tamotsu; (given name) Tadashi; (surname) Kata; (personal name) AtaruSquare; place; correct; a means, plan, prescription; then, now, just; to make even |
明 see styles |
míng / ming2 ming mei / me / めい min / みん myou / myo / みょう |
 More info & calligraphy: bright; opposite: dark 暗[an4]; (of meaning) clear; to understand; next; public or open; wise; generic term for a sacrifice to the gods; Ming Dynasty (1368-1644); surname Ming; Ming (c. 2000 BC), fourth of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝[Yan2 di4] descended from Shennong 神農|神农[Shen2 nong2] Farmer God (1) brightness; (2) clarity; acumen; (3) power of vision; Ming (dynasty of China, 1368-1644); (1) {Buddh} vidya (wisdom); (2) (See 真言・1) mantra; (prefix) (3) the coming (4th of July, etc.); (given name) Tooru; (female given name) Sayaka; (female given name) Saya; (male given name) Satoshi; (personal name) Asumi; (surname) Akera; (personal name) Akemine; (surname) Akesaki; (place-name, surname) Ake; (female given name) Akuru; (surname) Akiraka; (surname, female given name) Akira; (personal name) Akinori; (personal name) Akitsugu; (surname, female given name) Aki; (female given name) Akaru; (surname, female given name) Akari; (personal name) Akamine; (personal name) Akajio; (personal name) Akashio; (surname, female given name) Akashividyā, knowledge. ming means bright, clear, enlightenment, intp. by 智慧 or 聰明 wisdom, wise; to understand. It represents Buddha-wisdom and its revelation; also the manifestation of a Buddha's light or effulgence; it is a term for 眞言 because the 'true word' can destroy the obscurity of illusion; the 'manifestation' of the power of the object of worship; it means also dhāraṇīs or mantras of mystic wisdom. Also, the Ming dynasty A. D. 1368-1644. |
眼 see styles |
yǎn / yan3 yen manako / まなこ |
 More info & calligraphy: eye; small hole; crux (of a matter); CL:隻|只[zhi1],雙|双[shuang1]; classifier for big hollow things (wells, stoves, pots etc) (1) eye; eyeball; (2) (archaism) pupil and (dark) iris of the eye; (3) (archaism) insight; perceptivity; power of observation; (4) (archaism) look; field of vision; (5) (archaism) core; center; centre; essence; (surname) Mesaki; (female given name) Manakocakṣuh, the eye. |
神 see styles |
shén / shen2 shen shin;jin / しん;じん kami(p);kamu(ok);kan(ok) / かみ(P);かむ(ok);かん(ok) |
 More info & calligraphy: deity; soul; spirit; unusual; mysterious; lively; expressive; expression; look; CL:個|个[ge4]; (slang) awesome; amazing; God; abbr. for 神舟[Shen2 zhou1] (1) spirit; psyche; (2) (See 神・かみ・1) god; deity; divinity; kami; (1) god; deity; divinity; spirit; kami; (n,n-pref) (2) (slang) (also written ネ申) incredible; fantastic; (3) (honorific or respectful language) (archaism) emperor of Japan; (4) (archaism) thunder; (female given name) Miwa; (personal name) Jinji; (surname, female given name) Jin; (surname) Shin; (surname) San; (surname) Kou; (surname) Kanzaki; (surname, female given name) Kan; (surname) Kamimura; (surname) Kamitaka; (surname) Kamizaki; (surname) Kamisaki; (surname) Kami; (surname) Kanazaki; (surname) KauzakiInscrutable spiritual powers, or power; a spirit; a deva, god, or divinity; the human spirit; divine, spiritual, supernatural; psychic power |
空 see styles |
kòng // kōng / kong4 // kong1 k`ung / kung kuu / ku / くう kara / から |
 More info & calligraphy: to empty; vacant; unoccupied; space; leisure; free time; empty; air; sky; in vain (1) empty air; sky; (2) {Buddh} shunyata; emptiness; the lack of an immutable intrinsic nature within any phenomenon; (3) (abbreviation) (See 空軍) air force; (noun or adjectival noun) (4) fruitlessness; meaninglessness; (5) (See 五大・1) void (one of the five elements); (can be adjective with の) (6) {math} empty (e.g. set); (noun - becomes adjective with の) emptiness; vacuum; blank; (female given name) Ron; (personal name) Hiroshi; (female given name) Hikari; (female given name) Haruka; (female given name) Noa; (surname) Sorasaki; (female given name) Sora; (female given name) Sukai; (female given name) Shieru; (personal name) Kuukai; (surname, female given name) Kuu; (female given name) Kanata; (female given name) Kasumi; (female given name) Urue; (surname, female given name) Aki; (female given name) Aoiśūnya, empty, void, hollow, vacant, nonexistent. śūnyatā, 舜若多, vacuity, voidness, emptiness, non-existence, immateriality, perhaps spirituality, unreality, the false or illusory nature of all existence, the seeming 假 being unreal. The doctrine that all phenomena and the ego have no reality, but are composed of a certain number of skandhas or elements, which disintegrate. The void, the sky, space. The universal, the absolute, complete abstraction without relativity. There are classifications into 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 13, 16, and 18 categories. The doctrine is that all things are compounds, or unstable organisms, possessing no self-essence, i.e. are dependent, or caused, come into existence only to perish. The underlying reality, the principle of eternal relativity, or non-infinity, i.e. śūnya, permeates all phenomena making possible their evolution. From this doctrine the Yogācārya school developed the idea of the permanent reality, which is Essence of Mind, the unknowable noumenon behind all phenomena, the entity void of ideas and phenomena, neither matter nor mind, but the root of both. |
美 see styles |
měi / mei3 mei bi / び |
 More info & calligraphy: beautiful; very satisfactory; good; to beautify; to be pleased with oneself; the Americas; abbr. for 美洲[Mei3 zhou1]; USA; abbr. for 美國|美国[Mei3 guo2] (n,n-suf) beauty; (female given name) Yoshimi; (surname) Yoshihama; (personal name) Yoshitsugu; (female given name) Yoshi; (female given name) Mei; (female given name) Miyoshi; (female given name) Myuu; (female given name) Miho; (personal name) Misumi; (female given name) Misao (Misawo); (surname) Misaki; (given name) Miki; (female given name) Mii; (personal name) Mia; (surname) Mi; (personal name) Biki; (given name) Bi; (female given name) Harumi; (female given name) Haru; (female given name) Chura; (given name) Kiyoshi; (given name) UmashiFine, handsome, beautiful, admirable. madhura, sweet, pleasant. |
能 see styles |
néng / neng2 neng nou / no / のう |
 More info & calligraphy: can; to be able to; might possibly; ability; (physics) energy; surname Neng (1) talent; gift; function; (2) noh (theatre); (surname) Nozaki; (surname) Nouzaki; (surname, female given name) Nou; (given name) Chikara; (surname) Takumi; (female given name) Kanae; (given name) Atouśak. Able to, can; capability, power. |
身 see styles |
shēn / shen1 shen mi / み |
 More info & calligraphy: body; life; oneself; personally; one's morality and conduct; the main part of a structure or body; pregnant; classifier for sets of clothes: suit, twinset; Kangxi radical 158 (1) body; (2) oneself; (3) one's place; one's position; (4) main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.); wood (as opposed to bark); blade (as opposed to its handle); container (as opposed to its lid); (surname) Misakikāya; tanu; deha. The body; the self.; Two forms of body; there are numerous pairs, e. g. (1) (a) 分段身 The varied forms of the karmic or ordinary mortal body, or being; (b) 變易身 the transformable, or spiritual body. (2) (a) 生身 The earthly body of the Buddha; (b) 化身 hinirmāṇakāya, which may take any form at will. (3) (a) 生身 his earthly body; (b) 法身 his moral and mental nature—a Hīnayāna definition, but Mahāyāna takes his earthly nirmāṇakāya as the 生身 and his dharmakāya or that and his saṃbhogakāya as 法身. (4) 眞應二身 The dharmakāya and nirmāṇakāya. (5) (a) 實相身 The absolute truth, or light, of the Buddha, i. e. the dharmakāya; (b) 爲物身 the functioning or temporal body. (6) (a) 眞身 the dharmakāya and saṃbhogakāya; (b) 化身 the nirmāṇakāya. (7) (a) 常身 his permanent or eternal body; (b) 無常身 his temporal body. (8) (a) 實身 and 化身 idem 二色身. |
道 see styles |
dào / dao4 tao dou / do / どう |
 More info & calligraphy: road; path; CL:條|条[tiao2],股[gu3]; principle; truth; morality; reason; skill; method; Dao (of Daoism); to say; to speak; to talk; classifier for long thin things (rivers, cracks etc), barriers (walls, doors etc), questions (in an exam etc), commands, courses in a meal, steps in a process; (old) administrative division (similar to province in Tang times) (1) (abbreviation) (See 道・みち・1) road; path; street; route; (2) (See 道・みち・5) way; set of practices; rules for conducting oneself; (3) Buddhist teachings; (4) Taoism; (5) modern administrative region of Japan (Hokkaido); (6) historical administrative region of Japan (Tokaido, Tosando, etc.); (7) province (Tang-era administrative region of China); (8) province (modern administrative region of Korea); (personal name) Wataru; (given name) Motoi; (personal name) Michihiro; (surname) Michizaki; (surname, female given name) Michi; (given name) Makoto; (female given name) Fumi; (given name) Naoshi; (surname) Douzaki; (surname) Dou; (female given name) Tooru; (given name) Tadasu; (given name) Tadashi; (female given name) Tao; (personal name) Susumu; (given name) Osamumārga. A way, road; the right path; principle, Truth, Reason, Logos, Cosmic energy; to lead; to say. The way of transmigration by which one arrives at a good or bad existence; any of the six gati, or paths of destiny. The way of bodhi, or enlightenment leading to nirvāṇa through spiritual stages. Essential nirvāṇa, in which absolute freedom reigns. For the eightfold noble path v. 八聖道.; The two Ways: (1) (a) 無礙道 or 無間道 The open or unhindered way, or the way of removing all obstacles or intervention, i. e. all delusion; (b) 解脫道 the way of release, by realization of truth. (2) (a) 難行道 The hard way of "works", i. e. by the six pāramitā and the disciplines. (b) 易行道 the easy way salvation, by the invocation of Amitābha. (3) (a) 有漏道 The way of reincarnation or mortality; (b) 無漏 the enlightened way of escape from the miseries of transmigration. (4) (a) 教道 The way of instruction; (b) 證道 the way of realization. (5) The two lower excretory organs. |
鬼 see styles |
guǐ / gui3 kuei oni(p);ki / おに(P);き |
 More info & calligraphy: ghost; demon; terrible; damnable; clever; sly; crafty; (suffix for sb with a certain vice or addiction etc); one of the 28 constellations (1) oni; ogre; demon; (2) (See 亡魂) spirit of a deceased person; (3) (おに only) ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); (4) (おに only) (See 鬼ごっこ・おにごっこ) it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); (5) (き only) {astron} (See 二十八宿,朱雀・すざく・2) Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); (prefix) (6) (おに only) (slang) (See 超・1) very; extremely; super-; (surname) Miniwa; (surname) Kisaragi; (surname) Oniyanagi; (personal name) Onikatsu; (surname) Onipreta 薜荔多, departed, dead; a disembodied spirit, dead person, ghost; a demon, evil being; especially a 餓鬼 hungry ghost. They are of many kinds. The Fan-i ming i classifies them as poor, medium, and rich; each again thrice subdivided: (1) (a) with mouths like burning torches; (b) throats no bigger than needles; (c) vile breath, disgusting to themselves; (2) (a) needle-haired, self-piercing; (b) hair sharp and stinking; (c) having great wens on whose pus they must feed. (3) (a) living on the remains of sacrifices; (b) on leavings in general; (c) powerful ones, yakṣas, rākṣasas, piśācas, etc. All belong to the realm of Yama, whence they are sent everywhere, consequently are ubiquitous in every house, lane, market, mound, stream, tree, etc. |
三昧 see styles |
sān mèi / san1 mei4 san mei sanmai;zanmai / さんまい;ざんまい |
 More info & calligraphy: Samadhi (Buddhist term) (1) (さんまい only) {Buddh} samadhi (state of intense concentration achieved through meditation) (san:); (suffix noun) (2) (usu. ざんまい) being immersed in; being absorbed in; indulging in; doing to one's heart's content; (3) (usu. ざんまい) prone to; apt to; (given name) Sanmai(三昧地) Samādhi, "putting together, composing the mind, intent contemplation, perfect absorption, union of the meditator with the object of meditation." (M. W.) Also 三摩地 (三摩提, 三摩帝, 三摩底). Interpreted by 定 or 正定, the mind fixed and undisturbed; by 正受 correct sensation of the object contemplated; by 調直定 ordering and fixing the mind; by 正心行處 the condition when the motions of the mind are steadied and harmonized with the object; by 息慮凝心 the cessation of distraction and the fixation of the mind; by 等持 the mind held in equilibrium; by 奢摩他, i.e. 止息 to stay the breathing. It is described as concentration of the mind (upon an object). The aim is 解脫, mukti, deliverance from all the trammels of life, the bondage of the passions and reincarnations. It may pass from abstraction to ecstasy, or rapture, or trance. Dhyāna 定 represents a simpler form of contemplation; samāpatti 三摩鉢底 a stage further advanced; and samādhi the highest stage of the Buddhist equivalent for Yoga, though Yoga is considered by some as a Buddhist development differing from samādhi. The 翻譯名義 says: 思專 when the mind has been concentrated, then 志一不分 the will is undivided; when 想寂 active thought has been put to rest, then 氣虛神朗 the material becomes etherealized and the spirit liberated, on which 智 knowledge, or the power to know, has free course, and there is no mystery into which it cannot probe. Cf. 智度論 5, 20, 23, 28; 止觀 2; 大乘義章 2, 9, 1 3, 20, etc. There are numerous kinds and degrees of samādhi. |
上進 上进 see styles |
shàng jìn / shang4 jin4 shang chin joushin / joshin / じょうしん |
 More info & calligraphy: to make progress; to do better; fig. ambitious to improve oneself; to move forwards (noun/participle) progress; advance; (given name) Joushinadvance |
修行 see styles |
xiū xíng / xiu1 xing2 hsiu hsing shugyou(p);sugyou(ok) / shugyo(p);sugyo(ok) / しゅぎょう(P);すぎょう(ok) |
 More info & calligraphy: to practice Buddhism or Daoism (noun/participle) (1) {Buddh} ascetic practices; (2) training; practice; discipline; study; (personal name) Nobuyuki; (personal name) Naomichi; (surname) Shugyou; (surname) Shuugyou; (personal name) Shigeocaryā, conduct; to observe and do; to end one's ways; to cultivate oneself in right practice; be religious, or pious; to carry out or perform |
修養 修养 see styles |
xiū yǎng / xiu1 yang3 hsiu yang shuuyou / shuyo / しゅうよう |
 More info & calligraphy: accomplishment; training; self-cultivation (noun/participle) self-improvement; (mental) training; self-discipline; cultivationcultivating moral character |
克己 see styles |
kokki / こっき |
 More info & calligraphy: (n,vs,adj-no) self denial; self control; (given name) Yoshimi; (given name) Kokki; (surname, given name) Katsumi; (female given name) Katsuki |
力量 see styles |
lì liang / li4 liang5 li liang rikiryou / rikiryo / りきりょう |
 More info & calligraphy: power; force; strength (1) ability; capacity; capability; talent; (2) physical strength |
動力 动力 see styles |
dòng lì / dong4 li4 tung li douryoku / doryoku / どうりょく |
 More info & calligraphy: motive power; force; (fig.) motivation; impetus (n,adj-f) (1) power; motive power; dynamic force; (2) {engr} (See 三相交流・さんそうこうりゅう) three-phase electricity; (personal name) Ichiriki |
化身 see styles |
huà shēn / hua4 shen1 hua shen keshin / けしん |
 More info & calligraphy: incarnation; reincarnation; embodiment (of abstract idea); personification (n,vs,adj-no) {Buddh} incarnation; impersonation; personification; avatarnirmāṇakāya, 應身, 應化身; 變化身 The third characteristic or power of the trikāya 三身, a Buddha's metamorphosic body, which has power to assume any shape to propagate the Truth. Some interpret the term as connoting pan-Buddha, that all nature in its infinite variety is the phenomenal 佛身 Buddha-body. A narrower interpretation is his appearance in human form expressed by 應身, while 化身 is used for his manifold other forms of appearances. |
反省 see styles |
fǎn xǐng / fan3 xing3 fan hsing hansei / hanse / はんせい |
 More info & calligraphy: to reflect upon oneself; to examine one's conscience; to question oneself; to search one's soul (noun/participle) (1) reflection; reconsideration; introspection; meditation; contemplation; (2) regret; repentance; remorse; being sorry |
地獄 地狱 see styles |
dì yù / di4 yu4 ti yü jigoku / じごく |
 More info & calligraphy: hell; infernal; underworld hell; (place-name) Jigokunaraka, 捺落迦 (or 那落迦) ; niraya 泥犂; explained by 不樂 joyless; 可厭 disgusting, hateful; 苦具, 苦器 means of suffering; if 地獄 earth-prison; 冥府 the shades, or departments of darkness. Earth-prison is generally intp. as hell or the hells; it may also be termed purgatory; one of the six gati or ways of transmigration. The hells are divided into three classes: I. Central, or radical, 根本地獄 consisting of (1) The eight hot hells. These were the original hells of primitive Buddhism, and are supposed to be located umder the southern continent Jambudvīpa 瞻部州, 500 yojanas below the surface. (a) 等活 or 更活 Saṃjīva, rebirth, where after many kinds of suffering a cold wind blows over the soul and returns it to this life as it was before, hence the name 等活. (b) 黑繩 Kaslasūtra, where the sufferer is bound with black chains and chopped or sawn asunder. (c) 線合; 衆合; 堆壓 Saṃghāta, where are multitudes of implements of torture, or the falling of mountains upon the sufferer. (d) 號呌; 呼呼; 叫喚 Raurava, hell of wailing. (e) 大呌; 大號呌; 大呼 Mahāraurava, hell of great wailing. (f) 炎熱; 燒炙 Tapana, hell of fames and burning. (g) 大熱; 大燒炙; 大炎熱 Pratāpana, hell of molten lead. (h) 無間; 河鼻旨; 阿惟越致; 阿毗至; 阿鼻; 阿毗 Avīci, unintermitted suffering, where sinners die and are reborn to suffer without interval. (2) The eight cold hells 八寒地獄. (a) 頞浮陀地獄 Arbuda, where the cold causes blisters. (b) 尼刺部陀 Nirarbuda, colder still causing the blisters to burst. (c) 頞哳吒; 阿吒吒 Atata, where this is the only possible sound from frozen lips. (d) 臛臛婆; 阿波波 Hahava or Apapa, where it is so cold that only this sound can be uttered. (e) 虎虎婆 Hāhādhara or Huhuva, where only this sound can be uttered. (f) 嗢鉢羅; 鬱鉢羅 (or 優鉢羅) Utpala, or 尼羅鳥 (or 漚) 鉢羅 Nīlotpala, where the skin is frozen like blue lotus buds. (g) 鉢特摩 Padma, where the skin is frozen and bursts open like red lotus buds. (h) 摩訶鉢特摩 Mahāpadma, ditto like great red lotus buds. Somewhat different names are also given. Cf. 倶舍論 8; 智度論 16; 涅槃經 11. II. The secondary hells are called 近邊地獄 adjacent hells or 十六遊增 each of its four sides, opening from each such door are four adjacent hells, in all sixteen; thus with the original eight there are 136. A list of eighteen hells is given in the 十八泥梨經. III. A third class is called the 孤地獄 (獨地獄) Lokāntarika, or isolated hells in mountains, deserts, below the earth and above it. Eitel says in regard to the eight hot hells that they range 'one beneath the other in tiers which begin at a depth of 11,900 yojanas and reach to a depth of 40,000 yojanas'. The cold hells are under 'the two Tchahavālas and range shaft-like one below the other, but so that this shaft is gradually widening to the fourth hell and then narrowing itself again so that the first and last hell have the shortest, those in the centre the longest diameter'. 'Every universe has the same number of hells, ' but 'the northern continent has no hell whatever, the two continents east and west of Meru have only small Lokāntarika hells... whilst all the other hells are required for the inhabitants of the southern continent '. It may be noted that the purpose of these hells is definitely punitive, as well as purgatorial. Yama is the judge and ruler, assisted by eighteen officers and a host of demons, who order or administer the various degrees of torture. 'His sister performs the same duties with regard to female criminals, ' and it may be mentioned that the Chinese have added the 血盆池 Lake of the bloody bath, or 'placenta tank' for women who die in childbirth. Release from the hells is in the power of the monks by tantric means. |
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The following table may be helpful for those studying Chinese or Japanese...
| Title | Characters | Romaji(Romanized Japanese) | Various forms of Romanized Chinese | |
| Power of Oneself Self-Sufficient | 自力 | jiriki | zì lì / zi4 li4 / zi li / zili | tzu li / tzuli |
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