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<12345678>| Characters | Pronunciation Romanization |
Simple Dictionary Definition |
人工 see styles |
rén gōng ren2 gong1 jen kung jinkou / jinko じんこう |
artificial; manpower; manual work (noun - becomes adjective with の) (ant: 天然・1) artificial; man-made; human work; human skill; artificiality man-made |
人形 see styles |
rén xíng ren2 xing2 jen hsing ningyou / ningyo にんぎょう |
human form; human-shaped; humanoid (1) doll; puppet; marionette; (2) puppet (person under the control of another); straw man; yes-man; (surname) Hitogata |
人影 see styles |
rén yǐng ren2 ying3 jen ying hitokage ひとかげ jinei / jine じんえい |
the shadow of a human figure; a trace of a person's presence (usu. combined with a negative verb) (1) figure of a person; figures of people; (2) shadow of a person |
人心 see styles |
rén xīn ren2 xin1 jen hsin jinshin(p); hitogokoro じんしん(P); ひとごころ |
popular feeling; the will of the people (1) human nature; human heart; human spirit; kindness; sympathy; (2) (じんしん only) public feeling; people's sentiments; (3) (ひとごころ only) (See 人心地・ひとごこち・1) consciousness; awareness; (given name) Jinshin minds of men |
人我 see styles |
rén wǒ ren2 wo3 jen wo jinga じんが |
oneself and others Personality, the human soul, i.e. the false view, 人我見 that every man has a permanent lord within 常一生宰, which he calls the ātman, soul, or permanent self, a view which forms the basis of all erroneous doctrine. Also styled 人見; 我見; 人執; cf. 二我. |
人智 see styles |
jinchi じんち |
human intellect; knowledge |
人有 see styles |
rén yǒu ren2 you3 jen yu nin'u |
Human bhāva or existence, one of the 七有. |
人本 see styles |
rén běn ren2 ben3 jen pen ninhon |
the nature of human beings |
人材 see styles |
rén cái ren2 cai2 jen ts`ai jen tsai jinzai じんざい |
variant of 人才[ren2 cai2] (noun - becomes adjective with の) (1) capable person; talented person; (2) human resources; personnel |
人柱 see styles |
hitobashira ひとばしら |
human pillar; human sacrifice |
人権 see styles |
jinken じんけん |
human rights; civil liberties |
人權 人权 see styles |
rén quán ren2 quan2 jen ch`üan jen chüan |
human rights |
人欲 see styles |
jinyoku じんよく |
human desires; human passions |
人牆 人墙 see styles |
rén qiáng ren2 qiang2 jen ch`iang jen chiang |
human barricade; (soccer) defensive wall |
人物 see styles |
rén wù ren2 wu4 jen wu jinbutsu じんぶつ |
person; personage; figure (esp. sb of importance); character (in a play, novel etc); figure painting (as a genre of traditional Chinese painting) (1) person; character; figure; personage; man; woman; (2) one's character; one's personality; (3) able person; talented person human possessions |
人獣 see styles |
jinjuu / jinju じんじゅう |
(1) humans and animals; humans and beasts; (2) (See 人面獣心) beast in human form |
人生 see styles |
rén shēng ren2 sheng1 jen sheng jinsei / jinse じんせい |
life (one's time on earth) (one's) life; (female given name) Hitoha human birth |
人用 see styles |
jinyou / jinyo じんよう |
human usage; (for) use by people |
人界 see styles |
rén jiè ren2 jie4 jen chieh ningai にんがい |
{Buddh} (See 十界) spiritual realm of humanity realm of human existence |
人的 see styles |
jinteki じんてき |
(adjectival noun) human; personal |
人皇 see styles |
rén huáng ren2 huang2 jen huang ninnou; jinnou; jinkou / ninno; jinno; jinko にんのう; じんのう; じんこう |
Human Sovereign, one of the three legendary sovereigns 三皇[san1 huang2] emperor |
人盾 see styles |
rén dùn ren2 dun4 jen tun |
human shield |
人知 see styles |
hitoji ひとじ |
human intellect; knowledge; (place-name) Hitoji |
人種 人种 see styles |
rén zhǒng ren2 zhong3 jen chung jinshu じんしゅ |
race (of people) (1) race (of people); (2) (colloquialism) type of person the human race |
人糞 see styles |
jinpun じんぷん |
human excrement; night soil |
人肌 see styles |
hitohada ひとはだ |
(noun - becomes adjective with の) (1) the skin; human skin; (2) body warmth |
人脳 see styles |
jinnou / jinno じんのう |
human brain |
人膚 see styles |
hitohada ひとはだ |
(noun - becomes adjective with の) (1) the skin; human skin; (2) body warmth |
人血 see styles |
jinketsu じんけつ |
human blood |
人行 see styles |
rén xíng ren2 xing2 jen hsing ningyō |
activities as a human being |
人語 see styles |
jingo じんご |
human speech; (given name) Jingo |
人財 see styles |
jinzai じんざい |
(irregular kanji usage) (noun - becomes adjective with の) (1) capable person; talented person; (2) human resources; personnel |
人趣 see styles |
rén qù ren2 qu4 jen ch`ü jen chü ninshu |
人道 The human stage of the six gati, or states of existence. |
人跡 see styles |
jinseki; hitoato じんせき; ひとあと |
signs of human habitation |
人鏈 人链 see styles |
rén liàn ren2 lian4 jen lien |
human chain |
人際 人际 see styles |
rén jì ren2 ji4 jen chi |
human relationships; interpersonal |
人面 see styles |
jinmen じんめん |
human face; (place-name) Hitozura |
人骨 see styles |
jinkotsu じんこつ |
human bones |
人體 人体 see styles |
rén tǐ ren2 ti3 jen t`i jen ti |
human body See: 人体 |
仁道 see styles |
jindou / jindo じんどう |
the path that one should follow as a human being; the path of benevolence; (surname) Nidō |
住劫 see styles |
zhù jié zhu4 jie2 chu chieh juukou / juko じゅうこう |
{Buddh} (See 四劫) the kalpa of existence (the second aeon of the universe) vivartasiddhakalpa; the abiding or existing kalpa; the kalpa of human existence; v. 劫. |
佛月 see styles |
fó yuè fo2 yue4 fo yüeh butsu gatsu |
The Buddha-moon, Buddha being mirrored in the human heart like the moon in pure water. Also a meaning similar to 佛日. |
倫常 伦常 see styles |
lún cháng lun2 chang2 lun ch`ang lun chang |
proper human relationships |
假名 see styles |
jiǎ míng jia3 ming2 chia ming karina かりな |
false name; pseudonym; alias; pen name; the Japanese kana scripts; hiragana 平假名[ping2 jia3 ming2] and katakana 片假名[pian4 jia3 ming2] (out-dated kanji) kana; Japanese syllabary (i.e. hiragana, katakana); (surname) Karina Unreal names, i. e. nothing has a name of itself, for all names are mere human appellations. |
健南 see styles |
jiàn nán jian4 nan2 chien nan gonnan |
ghana, a mass, also 健男; 鍵南 (or 蹇南 or 羯南) ; it is intp. as a hard, solid lump, the human embryo formed from the fourth to the seventh day. |
入世 see styles |
rù shì ru4 shi4 ju shih |
to engage with secular society; to involve oneself in human affairs; to join the WTO (abbr. for 加入世界貿易組織|加入世界贸易组织[jia1 ru4 Shi4 jie4 Mao4 yi4 Zu3 zhi1]) |
入伸 see styles |
nyuushin / nyushin にゅうしん |
inspiration; genius; super-human skill |
入神 see styles |
rù shén ru4 shen2 ju shen nyuushin / nyushin にゅうしん |
to be enthralled; to be entranced inspiration; genius; super-human skill |
內推 内推 see styles |
nèi tuī nei4 tui1 nei t`ui nei tui |
(math.) interpolation; (human resources) internal referral; employee referral (recommendation of a potential new employee by an existing employee or client) |
八萬 八万 see styles |
bā wàn ba1 wan4 pa wan hachiman はちまん |
(surname) Hachiman An abbreviation for 八萬四 (八萬四千) The number of atoms in the human body is supposed to be 84,000. Hence the term is used for a number of things, often in the general sense of a great number. It is also the age apex of life in each human world. There are the 84,000 stūpas erected by Aśoka, each to accommodate one of the 84.000 relics of the Buddha's body; also the 84,000 forms of illumination shed by Amitābha; the 84,000 excellent physical signs of a Buddha; the 84,000 mortal distresses, i.e. 84,000 煩惱 or 塵勞; also the cure found in the 84,000 methods, i.e. 法藏, 法蘊, 法門, or教門. |
六趣 see styles |
liù qù liu4 qu4 liu ch`ü liu chü rokushu |
The six directions of reincarnation, also 六道: (1) 地獄趣 naraka-gati, or that of the hells; (2) 餓鬼趣 preta-gati, of hungry ghosts; (3) 畜生趣 tiryagyoni-gati, of animals; (4) 阿修羅趣 asura-gati, of malevolent nature spirits; (5 ) 人趣 manuṣya-gati, of human existence; (6) 天趣 deva-gati, of deva existence. The 六趣輪廻經 is attributed to Aśvaghoṣa. |
六道 see styles |
liù dào liu4 dao4 liu tao rokudou; rikudou / rokudo; rikudo ろくどう; りくどう |
{Buddh} the six realms (Deva realm, Asura realm, Human realm, Animal realm, Hungry Ghost realm, Naraka realm); (place-name) Rokudō The six ways or conditions of sentient existence; v. 六趣; the three higher are the 上三途, the three lower 下三途. |
六難 六难 see styles |
liun án liun4 an2 liun an rokunan |
The six difficult things— to be born in a Buddha-age, to hear the true Buddha-law, to beget a good heart, to be born in the central kingdom (India), to be born in human form, and to be perfect; see, Nirvana Sutra 23. |
六齋 六斋 see styles |
liù zhāi liu4 zhai1 liu chai rokusai |
The six monthly poṣadha, or fast days: the 8th, 14th, 15th, 23rd, 29th, and 30th. They are the days on which the Four Mahārājas 四天王 take note of human conduct and when evil demons are busy, so that great care is required and consequently nothing should be eaten after noon, hence the 'fast', v. 梵王經 30th command. The 智度論 13 describes them as 惡日 evil or dangerous days, and says they arose from an ancient custom of cutting of the flesh and casting it into the fire. |
処女 see styles |
shojo しょじょ |
(1) (See 童貞・1) virgin (usu. female); maiden; (can act as adjective) (2) (See 処女林) virgin (e.g. forest); unspoiled by human activity; (can act as adjective) (3) (See 処女航海,処女作) debut; maiden (e.g. voyage) |
前胸 see styles |
qián xiōng qian2 xiong1 ch`ien hsiung chien hsiung |
human chest; breast |
劫波 see styles |
jié bō jie2 bo1 chieh po kōhi |
kalpa (loanword) (Hinduism) kalpa; also劫簸; 劫跛; v. 劫. Aeon, age. The period of time between the creation and recreation ofa world or universe; also the kalpas offormation, existence, destruction, and non-existence, which four as acomplete period are called mahākalpa 大劫. Eachgreat kalpa is subdivided into four asaṇkhyeya-kalpas (阿僧企耶 i.e. numberless,incalculable): (1) kalpa of destructionsaṃvarta; (2)kalpaof utter annihilation, or empty kalpa 増滅劫; 空劫 saṃvarta-siddha; (3) kalpa of formation 成劫 vivarta; (4) kalpa ofexistence 住劫 vivartasiddha; or they may betaken in the order 成住壤空. Each of the four kalpas is subdivided into twenty antara-kalpas, 小劫 or small kalpas, so that a mahākalpaconsists of eighty small kalpas. Each smallkalpa is divided into a period of 増 increaseand 減 decrease; the increase period is ruled over by the four cakravartīs in succession, i.e. the four ages of iron,copper, silver, gold, during which the length of human life increases by oneyear every century to 84,000 years, and the length of the human body to8,400 feet. Then comes the kalpa of decreasedivided into periods of the three woes, pestilence, war, famine, duringwhich the length of human life is gradually reduced to ten years and thehuman body to 1 foot in height. There are other distinctions of the kalpas. A small kalpa isrepresented as 16,800,000 years, a kalpa as336,000,000 years, and a mahākalpa as1,334,000,000 years. There are many ways of illustrating the length of akalpa, e.g. pass a soft cloth over a solid rock40 li in size once in a hundred years, whenfinally the rock has been thus worn away a kalpa will not yet have passed; or a city of 40 li, filled with mustard seeds, one being removed everycentury till all have gone, a kalpa will notyet have passed. Cf. 成劫. |
化人 see styles |
huà rén hua4 ren2 hua jen kenin けにん |
{Buddh} manifesting in human form (of a Buddha or Bodhisattva); avatar A deva or Buddha transformed into human shape. |
十妙 see styles |
shí miào shi2 miao4 shih miao jūmyō |
The ten wonders, or incomprehensibles; there are two groups, the 迹ｖ traceable or manifested and 本門妙 the fundamental. The 迹門十妙 are the wonder of: (1) 境妙 the universe, sphere, or whole, embracing mind, Buddha, and all things as a unity; (2) 智妙 a Buddha's all-embracing knowledge arising from such universe; (3) 行妙 his deeds, expressive of his wisdom; (4) 位妙 his attainment of all the various Buddha stages, i.e. 十住 and十地; (5) 三法妙 his three laws of 理, 慧, and truth, wisdom, and vision; (6) 感應妙 his response to appeal, i.e. his (spiritual) response or relation to humanity, for "all beings are my children"; (7) 神通妙 his supernatural powers; (8) 說法妙 his preaching; (9) 眷屬妙 his supernatural retinue; (10) 利益妙 the blessings derived through universal elevation into Buddhahood. The 本門十妙 are the wonder of (1) 本因妙 the initial impulse or causative stage of Buddhahood; (2) 本果妙 its fruit or result in eternity, joy, and purity; (3) 國土妙 his (Buddha) realm; (4) 感應妙 his response (to human needs); (5) 神通妙 his supernatural powers; (6) 說法妙 his preaching; (7) 眷屬妙 his supernatural retinue; (8) 涅槃妙 his nirvāṇa; (9) 壽命妙 his (eternal) life; (10) his blessings as above. Both groups are further defined as progressive stages in a Buddha's career. These "wonders" are derived from the Lotus sūtra. |
十恩 see styles |
shí ēn shi2 en1 shih en jūon |
Ten kinds of the Buddha's grace: his (1) initial resolve to universalize (his salvation); (2) self-sacrifice (in previous lives); (3) complete altruism; (4) his descent into all the six states of existence for their salvation; (5) relief of the living from distress and mortality; (6) profound pity; (7) revelation of himself in human and glorified form; (8) teaching in accordance with the capacity of his hearers, first hīnayāna, then māhayāna doctrine; (9) revealing his nirvāṇa to stimulate his disciples; (10) pitying thought for all creatures, in that dying at 80 instead of at 100 he left twenty years of his own happiness to his disciples; and also the tripiṭaka for universal salvation. |
十時 十时 see styles |
shí shí shi2 shi2 shih shih todoroki とどろき |
(personal name) Todoroki ten periods [in a human life] |
半獣 see styles |
hanjuu / hanju はんじゅう |
(See 半人半獣) half-human and half-beast |
古人 see styles |
gǔ rén gu3 ren2 ku jen kojin こじん |
people of ancient times; the ancients; extinct human species such as Homo erectus or Homo neanderthalensis; (literary) deceased person ancient people; (personal name) Furuhito the ancients |
吉庶 see styles |
jí shù ji2 shu4 chi shu kissha |
(or 吉遮 or 吉蔗); 訖利多; 訖栗著 kṛtyā; a demon, or class of demons, yakṣa and human; explained by 起尸鬼 a corpse raising demon. |
命濁 命浊 see styles |
mìng zhuó ming4 zhuo2 ming cho myōjoku |
One of the 五濁, turbidity or decay of the vital principle, reducing the length of life. |
喜怒 see styles |
kido きど |
(1) (abbreviation) joy and anger; (2) (See 喜怒哀楽) human emotions; (surname) Kido |
噍類 噍类 see styles |
jiào lèi jiao4 lei4 chiao lei |
a living being (esp. human) |
四執 四执 see styles |
sì zhí si4 zhi2 ssu chih shishū |
The four erroneous tenets; also 四邪; 四迷; 四術; there are two groups: I. The four of the 外道 outsiders, or non-Buddhists, i. e. of Brahminism, concerning the law of cause and effect: (1) 邪因邪果 heretical theory of causation, e. g. creation by Mahesvara; (2) 無因有果 or 自然, effect independent of cause, e. g. creation without a cause, or spontaneous generation; (3) 有因無果 cause without effect, e. g. no future life as the result of this. (4) 無因無果 neither cause nor effect, e. g. that rewards and punishments are independent of morals. II. The four erroneous tenets of 內外道 insiders and outsiders, Buddhist and Brahman, also styled 四宗 the four schools, as negated in the 中論 Mādhyamika śāstra: (1) outsiders, who do not accept either the 人 ren or 法 fa ideas of 空 kong; (2) insiders who hold the Abhidharma or Sarvāstivādāḥ tenet, which recognizes 人空 human impersonality, but not 法空 the unreality of things; (3) also those who hold the 成實 Satyasiddhi tenet which discriminates the two meanings of 空 kong but not clearly; and also (4) those in Mahāyāna who hold the tenet of the realists. |
地藏 see styles |
dì zàng di4 zang4 ti tsang jizou / jizo じぞう |
Kṣitigarbha, the Bodhisattva of the Great Vow (to save all souls before accepting Bodhi); also translated Earth Treasury, Earth Womb, or Earth Store Bodhisattva (surname) Jizou Ti-tsang, J. Jizō, Kṣitigarbha, 乞叉底蘗沙; Earth-store, Earth-treasury, or Earthwomb. One of the group of eight Dhvani- Bodhisattvas. With hints of a feminine origin, he is now the guardian of the earth. Though associated with Yama as overlord, and with the dead and the hells, his role is that of saviour. Depicted with the alarum staff with its six rings, he is accredited with power over the hells and is devoted to the saving of all creatures between the nirvana of Śākyamuni and the advent of Maitreya the fifth century he has been especially considered as the deliverer from the hells. His central place in China is at Chiu-hua-shan, forty li south-west of Ch'ing-yang in Anhui. In Japan he is also the protector of travellers by land and his image accordingly appears on the roads; bereaved parents put stones by his images to seek his aid in relieving the labours of their dead in the task of piling stones on the banks of the Buddhist Styx; he also helps women in labour. He is described as holding a place between the gods and men on the one hand and the hells on the other for saving all in distress; some say he is an incarnation of Yama. At dawn he sits immobile on the earth 地 and meditates on the myriads of its beings 藏. When represented as a monk, it may be through the influence of a Korean monk who is considered to be his incarnation, and who came to China in 653 and died in 728 at the age of 99 after residing at Chiu-hua-shan for seventy-five years: his body, not decaying, is said to have been gilded over and became an object of worship. Many have confused 眞羅 part of Korea with 暹羅 Siam. There are other developments of Ti-tsang, such as the 六地藏 Six Ti-tsang, i. e. severally converting or transforming those in the hells, pretas, animals, asuras, men, and the devas; these six Ti-tsang have different images and symbols. Ti-tsang has also six messengers 六使者: Yama for transforming those in hell; the pearl-holder for pretas; the strong one or animals; the devīof mercy for asuras; the devī of the treasure for human beings; one who has charge of the heavens for the devas. There is also the 延命地藏 Yanming Ti-tsang, who controls length of days and who is approached, as also may be P'u-hsien, for that Purpose; his two assistants are the Supervisors of good and evil 掌善 and 掌惡. Under another form, as 勝軍地藏 Ti-tsang is chiefly associated with the esoteric cult. The benefits derived from his worship are many, some say ten, others say twenty-eight. His vows are contained in the 地藏菩薩本願經. There is also the 大乘大集地藏十電經 tr. by Xuanzang in 10 juan in the seventh century, which probably influenced the spread of the Ti-tsang cult. |
增劫 see styles |
zēng jié zeng1 jie2 tseng chieh zōkō |
The kalpa of increment, during which human life increases by one year every century, from an initial life of ten years, till it reaches 84,000 (and the body from 1 foot to 8,400 feet in height), in the 滅劫 similarly diminishing. |
士夫 see styles |
shì fū shi4 fu1 shih fu shio しお |
(personal name) Shio v. 補盧沙 puruṣa. |
外山 see styles |
toyama とやま |
nearby mountain; mountain near a human settlement; (surname) Hokayama |
夜叉 see styles |
yè chā ye4 cha1 yeh ch`a yeh cha yasha やしゃ |
yaksha (malevolent spirit) (loanword); (fig.) ferocious-looking person yaksha (Buddhist guardian deities sometimes depicted as demonic warriors) (san: yaksa); (given name) Yasha 乞叉; 藥叉; 閱叉 yakṣa, (1) demons in the earth, or in the air, or in the lower heavens; they are malignant, and violent, and devourers (of human flesh). (2) The 八大將, the eight attendants of Kuvera, or Vaiśravaṇa, the god of wealth; those on earth bestow wealth, those in the empyrean houses and carriages, those in the lower heavens guard the moat and gates of the heavenly city. There is another set of sixteen. The names of all are given in 陀羅尼集經 3. See also 羅 for rakṣa and 吉 for kṛtya. yakṣa-kṛtya are credited with the powers of both yakṣa and kṛtya. |
大刧 大劫 see styles |
dà jié da4 jie2 ta chieh daikō |
mahākalpa. The great kalpa, from the beginning of a universe till it is destroyed and another begins in its place. It has four kalpas or periods known as vivarta 成刧 the creation period; vivarta‐siddha 住刧 the appearance of sun and moon, i.e. light, and the period of life, human and general; saṃvarta 壤刧 or 滅刧 destruction first by fire, then water, then fire, then deluge, then a great wind, i.e. water during seven small kalpas, fire during 56 and wind one, in all 64; saṃvartatthāhi 増滅刧 total destruction gradually reaching the void. A great kalpa is calculated as eighty small kalpas and to last 1,347,000,000 years. |
大糞 大粪 see styles |
dà fèn da4 fen4 ta fen |
human excrement; night soil (human manure traditionally used as agricultural fertilizer) |
天冠 see styles |
tiān guàn tian1 guan4 t`ien kuan tien kuan tenkan; tengan てんかん; てんがん |
(1) imperial coronation crown; (2) celestial crown; crown worn by Buddha and celestial beings A deva-crown, surpassing human thought. |
天眞 see styles |
tiān zhēn tian1 zhen1 t`ien chen tien chen tenma てんま |
(female given name) Tenma bhūtatathatā, permanent reality underlying all phenomena, pure and unchanging e. g. the sea in contrast with the waves; nature, the natural, 天然之眞理, 非人之造作者 natural reality, not of human creation. |
天眼 see styles |
tiān yǎn tian1 yan3 t`ien yen tien yen tengen; tengan てんげん; てんがん |
nickname of the FAST radio telescope (in Guizhou) (1) {Buddh} (See 五眼) the heavenly eye; (2) (てんがん only) (rare) rolling back one's eyes during convulsions; (given name) Tengan divyacakṣṣus. The deva-eye; the first abhijñā, v. 六通; one of the five classes of eyes; divine sight, unlimited vision; all things are open to it, large and small, near and distant, the destiny of all beings in future rebirths. It may be obtained among men by their human eyes through the practice of meditation 修得: and as a reward or natural possession by those born in the deva heavens 報得. Cf 天耳, etc. |
妙心 see styles |
miào xīn miao4 xin1 miao hsin myōshin |
The mind or heart wonderful and profound beyond human thought. According to Tiantai the 別教 limited this to the mind 眞心 of the Buddha, while the 圓教 universalized it to include the unenlightened heart 妄心 of all men. |
定律 see styles |
dìng lǜ ding4 lu:4 ting lü teiritsu / teritsu ていりつ |
scientific law (e.g. law of conservation of energy); (in human affairs) a generalization based on observation (e.g. "power corrupts") fixed law; (personal name) Yasunori |
寒毛 see styles |
hán máo han2 mao2 han mao |
fine hair on the human body |
小乘 see styles |
xiǎo shèng xiao3 sheng4 hsiao sheng shōjō |
Hinayana, the Lesser Vehicle; Buddhism in India before the Mayahana sutras; also pr. [Xiao3 cheng2] Hīnayāna 希那衍. The small, or inferior wain, or vehicle; the form of Buddhism which developed after Śākyamuni's death to about the beginning of the Christian era, when Mahāyāna doctrines were introduced. It is the orthodox school and more in direct line with the Buddhist succession than Mahāyānism which developed on lines fundamentally different. The Buddha was a spiritual doctor, less interested in philosophy than in the remedy for human misery and perpetual transmigration. He "turned aside from idle metaphysical speculations; if he held views on such topics, he deemed them valueless for the purposes of salvation, which was his goal" (Keith). Metaphysical speculations arose after his death, and naturally developed into a variety of Hīnayāna schools before and after the separation of a distinct school of Mahāyāna. Hīnayāna remains the form in Ceylon, Burma, and Siam, hence is known as Southern Buddhism in contrast with Northern Buddhism or Mahāyāna, the form chiefly prevalent from Nepal to Japan. Another rough division is that of Pali and Sanskrit, Pali being the general literary language of the surviving form of Hīnayāna, Sanskrit of Mahāyāna. The term Hīnayāna is of Mahāyānist origination to emphasize the universalism and altruism of Mahāyāna over the narrower personal salvation of its rival. According to Mahāyāna teaching its own aim is universal Buddhahood, which means the utmost development of wisdom and the perfect transformation of all the living in the future state; it declares that Hīnayāna, aiming at arhatship and pratyekabuddhahood, seeks the destruction of body and mind and extinction in nirvāṇa. For arhatship the 四諦Four Noble Truths are the foundation teaching, for pratyekabuddhahood the 十二因緣 twelve-nidānas, and these two are therefore sometimes styled the two vehicles 二乘. Tiantai sometimes calls them the (Hīnayāna) Tripiṭaka school. Three of the eighteen Hīnayāna schools were transported to China: 倶舍 (Abhidharma) Kośa; 成實 Satya-siddhi; and the school of Harivarman, the律 Vinaya school. These are described by Mahāyānists as the Buddha's adaptable way of meeting the questions and capacity of his hearers, though his own mind is spoken of as always being in the absolute Mahāyāna all-embracing realm. Such is the Mahāyāna view of Hīnayāna, and if the Vaipulya sūtras and special scriptures of their school, which are repudiated by Hīnayāna, are apocryphal, of which there seems no doubt, then Mahāyāna in condemning Hīnayāna must find other support for its claim to orthodoxy. The sūtras on which it chiefly relies, as regards the Buddha, have no authenticity; while those of Hīnayāna cannot be accepted as his veritable teaching in the absence of fundamental research. Hīnayāna is said to have first been divided into minority and majority sections immediately after the death of Śākyamuni, when the sthāvira, or older disciples, remained in what is spoken of as "the cave", some place at Rājagṛha, to settle the future of the order, and the general body of disciples remained outside; these two are the first 上坐部 and 大衆部 q. v. The first doctrinal division is reported to have taken place under the leadership of the monk 大天 Mahādeva (q.v.) a hundred years after the Buddha's nirvāṇa and during the reign of Aśoka; his reign, however, has been placed later than this by historians. Mahādeva's sect became the Mahāsāṅghikā, the other the Sthāvira. In time the two are said to have divided into eighteen, which with the two originals are the so-called "twenty sects" of Hīnayāna. Another division of four sects, referred to by Yijing, is that of the 大衆部 (Arya) Mahāsaṅghanikāya, 上座部 Āryasthavirāḥ, 根本說一切有部 Mūlasarvāstivādaḥ, and 正量部 Saṃmatīyāḥ. There is still another division of five sects, 五部律. For the eighteen Hīnayāna sects see 小乘十八部. |
小劫 see styles |
xiǎo jié xiao3 jie2 hsiao chieh shōgō |
antarā-kalpa, or intermediate kalpa; according to the 倶舍論 it is the period in which human life increases by one year a century till it reaches 84,000 with men 8,400 feet high; then it is reduced at the same rate till the life-period reaches ten years with men a foot high; these two are each a small kalpa; the 智度論 reckons the two together as one kalpa; and there are other definitions. |
屎尿 see styles |
shinyou / shinyo しにょう |
excreta; raw sewage; human waste; night soil |
彌勒 弥勒 see styles |
mí lè mi2 le4 mi le miroku みろく |
Mile county in Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture, Yunnan; Maitreya, the future Bodhisattva, to come after Shakyamuni Buddha (surname) Miroku Maitreya, friendly, benevolent. The Buddhist Messiah, or next Buddha, now in the Tuṣita heaven, who is to come 5,000 years after the nirvāṇa of Śākyamuni, or according to other reckoning after 4,000 heavenly years, i.e. 5,670,000,000 human years. According to tradition he was born in Southern India of a Brahman family. His two epithets are 慈氏 Benevolent, and Ajita 阿逸多 'Invincible'. He presides over the spread of the church, protects its members and will usher in ultimate victory for Buddhism. His image is usually in the hall of the four guardians facing outward, where he is represented as the fat laughing Buddha, but in some places his image is tall, e.g. in Peking in the Yung Ho Kung. Other forms are彌帝M075962; 迷諦隸; 梅低梨; 梅怛麗 (梅怛藥 or 梅怛邪); 每怛哩; 昧怛 M067070曳; 彌羅. There are numerous Maitreya sūtras. |
彞倫 彝伦 see styles |
yí lún yi2 lun2 i lun |
cardinal human relationships |
形骸 see styles |
xíng hái xing2 hai2 hsing hai keigai / kegai けいがい |
the human body; skeleton (1) (soulless) body; (2) framework (of a building, etc.); skeleton; remains; ruin; wreck; (3) mere shell; mere name; dead letter |
後背 后背 see styles |
hòu bèi hou4 bei4 hou pei |
the back (human anatomy); the back part of something |
心霊 see styles |
shinrei / shinre しんれい |
(noun - becomes adjective with の) (1) spirit (e.g. human spirit); soul; (2) spirit; ghost; ethereal being; (female given name) Kokoa |
性理 see styles |
xìng lǐ xing4 li3 hsing li shōri |
human nature and natural laws |
恩愛 恩爱 see styles |
ēn ài en1 ai4 en ai onai; onnai おんあい; おんない |
loving affection (in a couple); conjugal love kindness and affection; love; (female given name) On'ai Grace and love; human affection, which is one of the causes of rebirth. |
拐賣 拐卖 see styles |
guǎi mài guai3 mai4 kuai mai |
human trafficking; to abduct and sell; to kidnap and sell |
斫芻 斫刍 see styles |
zhuó chú zhuo2 chu2 cho ch`u cho chu shashu |
(斫乞芻) cakṣu (s), the eye, one of the six organs of sense. Cakṣurdhātu is the 眼界 eye-realm, or sight-faculty. There are definitions such as the eye of body, mind, wisdom, Buddha-truth, Buddha; or human, deva, bodhisattva, dharma, and Buddha vision. |
斬る see styles |
kiru きる |
(transitive verb) to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off) |
智相 see styles |
zhì xiàng zhi4 xiang4 chih hsiang chisō |
Wise mien or appearance, the wisdom-light shining from the Buddha's face; also human intelligence. |
極微 极微 see styles |
jí wēi ji2 wei1 chi wei kyokubi; gokubi きょくび; ごくび |
(adj-na,adj-no,n) microscopic; infinitesimal An atom, especially as a mental concept, in contrast with 色聚之微, i.e. a material atom which has a center and the six directions, an actual but imperceptible atom; seven atoms make a 微塵 molecule, the smallest perceptible aggregation, called an aṇu 阿莬 or 阿拏; the perceptibility is ascribed to the deva-eye rather than to the human eye. There is much disputation as to whether the ultimate atom has real existence or not, whether it is eternal and immutable and so on. |
機甲 机甲 see styles |
jī jiǎ ji1 jia3 chi chia kikou / kiko きこう |
mecha (human-operated robots in Japanese manga) (noun - becomes adjective with の) armour (e.g. tank); armor |
權迹 权迹 see styles |
quán jī quan2 ji1 ch`üan chi chüan chi gon jaku |
Temporal traces, evidences of the incarnation of a Buddha in human form. |
欲愛 欲爱 see styles |
yù ài yu4 ai4 yü ai yokuai |
Passion-love; love inspired by desire, through any of the five senses; love in the passion realm as contrasted to 法愛 the love inspired by the dharma. |
殺生 杀生 see styles |
shā shēng sha1 sheng1 sha sheng sesshou / sessho せっしょう |
to take the life of a living creature (noun/participle) (1) killing; destruction of life; (adjectival noun) (2) cruel; heartless; callous; brutal; (female given name) Setsuna To take life, kill the living, or any conscious being; the taking of human life offends against the major commands, of animal life against the less stringent commands. Suicide also leads to severe penalties. |
Entries with 2nd row of characters: The 2nd row is Simplified Chinese.
This page contains 100 results for "human" in Chinese and/or Japanese.Information about this dictionary:
Apparently, we were the first ones who were crazy enough to think that western people might want a combined Chinese, Japanese, and Buddhist dictionary.
A lot of westerners can't tell the difference between Chinese and Japanese - and there is a reason for that. Chinese characters and even whole words were borrowed by Japan from the Chinese language in the 5th century. Much of the time, if a word or character is used in both languages, it will have the same or a similar meaning. However, this is not always true. Language evolves, and meanings independently change in each language.
Example: The Chinese character 湯 for soup (hot water) has come to mean bath (hot water) in Japanese. They have the same root meaning of "hot water", but a 湯屋 sign on a bathhouse in Japan would lead a Chinese person to think it was a "soup house" or a place to get a bowl of soup. See this: Japanese Bath House
This dictionary uses the EDICT and CC-CEDICT dictionary files.
EDICT data is the property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, and is used in conformance with the Group's
license.
Chinese Buddhist terms come from Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms by William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous. This is commonly referred to as "Soothill's'". It was first published in 1937 (and is now off copyright so we can use it here). Some of these definitions may be misleading, incomplete, or dated, but 95% of it is good information. Every professor who teaches Buddhism or Eastern Religion has a copy of this on their bookshelf. We incorporated these 16,850 entries into our dictionary database ourselves (it was lot of work).
Combined, these cover 1,007,753 Japanese, Chinese, and Buddhist characters, words, idioms, names, placenames, and short phrases.
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No warranty as to the correctness, potential vulgarity, or clarity is expressed or implied. We did not write any of these definitions (though we occasionally act as a contributor/editor to the CC-CEDICT project). You are using this dictionary for free, and you get what you pay for.
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