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<12345678910...>| Characters | Pronunciation Romanization |
Simple Dictionary Definition |
偽経 see styles |
gikyou / gikyo ぎきょう |
apocryphal sutra (composed in China or Japan) |
元寇 see styles |
genkou / genko げんこう |
(hist) Mongol invasions of Japan (1274, 1281) |
入朝 see styles |
nyuuchou / nyucho にゅうちょう |
(n,vs,vi) visiting Japan; arrival in Japan |
全労 see styles |
zenrou / zenro ぜんろう |
(1) (organization) National Trade Union Confederation (1930-1936) (abbreviation); (2) (organization) All-Japan Trade Union Congress (1954-1964) (abbreviation); (o) National Trade Union Confederation (1930-1936) (abbreviation); (o) All-Japan Trade Union Congress (1954-1964) (abbreviation) |
八宗 see styles |
bā zōng ba1 zong1 pa tsung hasshuu / hasshu はっしゅう |
(See 南都六宗) the two sects of Buddhism introduced to Japan during the Heian period (Tiantai and Shingon) and the six sects introduced during the Nara period or 八家 Eight of the early Japanese sects: 倶舍 Kusha, 成實 Jōjitsu, 律 Ritsu, 法相Hossō, 三論 Sanron, 華嚴 Kegon, 天台 Tendai, 眞言 Shingon. |
八島 see styles |
yatsujima やつじま |
(archaism) Japan; (surname) Yatsujima |
八州 see styles |
hasshuu / hasshu はっしゅう |
(1) (archaism) (See 八洲) Japan; (2) (See 関八州) the eight Edo-period provinces of Kanto (Sagami, Musashi, Awa, Kazusa, Shimousa, Hitachi, Kouzuke and Shimotsuke); (personal name) Yasu |
八洲 see styles |
yashima やしま |
(archaism) Japan; (surname) Yashima |
八道 see styles |
bā dào ba1 dao4 pa tao hachidou / hachido はちどう |
the 8 districts of feudal Japan; (place-name) Yaji (八支 or 八船 or 八行) idem 八正道. |
公住 see styles |
koujuu / koju こうじゅう |
apartment house built by the Japan Housing Corporation |
六宗 see styles |
liù zōng liu4 zong1 liu tsung rokumune ろくむね |
(surname) Rokumune The six schools, i. e. 三論宗; 法相宗; 華嚴宗; 律宗; 成實宗, and 倶舍宗 q. v.; the last two are styled Hīnayāna schools. Mahāyāna in Japan puts in place of them 天台宗 and 眞言宗 Tendai and Shingon. |
六部 see styles |
rokubu ろくぶ |
(1) six copies; (2) (abbreviation) (See 六十六部) Buddhist pilgrim (carrying 66 copies of the Lotus Sutra to be left at sites across Japan); (surname) Rokube |
兵庫 兵库 see styles |
bīng kù bing1 ku4 ping k`u ping ku hyougo; heiko / hyogo; heko ひょうご; へいこ |
Hyōgo prefecture in the midwest of Japan's main island Honshū 本州[Ben3 zhou1] (1) (ひょうご only) Hyogo (prefecture); (2) armory; armoury; arsenal; (place-name) Hiyougo |
内地 see styles |
naichi ないち |
(1) within the borders of a country; domestic soil; (2) inland; interior; (3) (hist) Japan proper (as opposed to its overseas colonies); homeland; home; (4) (used by people in Hokkaido and Okinawa) "mainland" Japan (i.e. Honshū); (place-name) Naichi |
内帯 see styles |
naitai ないたい |
(1) (See 外帯・1) area on the concave side of a mountain arc or a crescent-shaped archipelago; (2) (See 西南日本内帯) area of southwestern Japan north of the Median Tectonic Line |
函館 函馆 see styles |
hán guǎn han2 guan3 han kuan hakodate はこだて |
Hakodate, main port of south Hokkaidō 北海道[Bei3 hai3 dao4], Japan Hakodate (city in Hokkaido); (place-name, surname) Hakodate |
勝絶 see styles |
shousetsu; shouzetsu / shosetsu; shozetsu しょうせつ; しょうぜつ |
(1) (archaism) (See 十二律,夾鐘) (in Japan) 4th note of the ancient chromatic scale (approx. F); (noun/participle) (2) (usu. しょうぜつ) excellence (of scenery, etc.) |
勾當 勾当 see styles |
gòu dàng gou4 dang4 kou tang kōtō |
shady business An employee in a monastery, especially of the Shingon sect. In Japan, the second rank of official blind men. |
北朝 see styles |
běi cháo bei3 chao2 pei ch`ao pei chao hokuchou / hokucho ほくちょう |
Northern Dynasties (386-581) (1) (hist) (See 南北朝・なんぼくちょう・1) Northern Court (of Japan; 1336-1392); Northern Dynasty; (2) (hist) (See 南北朝・なんぼくちょう・2,北魏・ほくぎ,西魏・せいぎ,東魏・とうぎ,北周・ほくしゅう,北斉・ほくせい) Northern Dynasties (of China; 420-589) |
北藏 see styles |
běi zàng bei3 zang4 pei tsang Hokuzō |
The northern collection or edition of 1,621 works first published in Peking by order of Ch'eng Tsu (1403-1424), together with forty-one additional works, published by 密藏 Mizang after thirty years, labour beginning A. D. 1586. Later this edition was published in Japan 1678-1681 by 鐵眼 Tetsugen. |
十宗 see styles |
shí zōng shi2 zong1 shih tsung jūshū |
The ten schools of Chinese Buddhism: I. The (1) 律宗 Vinaya-discipline, or 南山|； (2) 倶舍 Kośa, Abhidharma, or Reality (Sarvāstivādin) 有宗； (3) 成實宗 Satyasiddhi sect founded on this śāstra by Harivarman; (4) 三論宗 Mādhyamika or 性空宗； (5) 法華宗 Lotus, "Law-flower" or Tiantai 天台宗； (6) 華嚴Huayan or法性 or賢首宗； ( 7) 法相宗 Dharmalakṣana or 慈恩宗 founded on the唯識論 (8) 心宗 Ch'an or Zen, mind-only or intuitive, v. 禪宗 ; (9) 眞言宗 (Jap. Shingon) or esoteric 密宗 ; (10) 蓮宗 Amitābha-lotus or Pure Land (Jap. Jōdo) 淨士宗. The 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 9th are found in Japan rather than in China, where they have ceased to be of importance. II. The Hua-yen has also ten divisions into ten schools of thought: (1) 我法倶有 the reality of self (or soul) and things, e.g. mind and matter; (2) 法有我無 the reality of things but not of soul; (3) 法無去來 things have neither creation nor destruction; (4) 現通假實 present things are both apparent and real; (5) 俗妄眞實 common or phenomenal ideas are wrong, fundamental reality is the only truth; (6) things are merely names; (7) all things are unreal 空; (8) the bhūtatathatā is not unreal; (9) phenomena and their perception are to be got rid of; (10) the perfect, all-inclusive, and complete teaching of the One Vehicle. III. There are two old Japanese divisions: 大乘律宗, 倶舎宗 , 成實 宗 , 法和宗 , 三論宗 , 天台宗 , 華嚴宗 , 眞言宗 , 小乘律宗 , and 淨土宗 ; the second list adds 禪宗 and omits 大乘律宗. They are the Ritsu, Kusha, Jōjitsu, Hossō, Sanron, Tendai, Kegon, Shingon, (Hīnayāna) Ritsu, and Jōdo; the addition being Zen. |
十手 see styles |
jutte じゅって jitte じって |
(archaism) short truncheon with a hook made of metal or wood (used by policeman and private thief-takers in Edo Japan) |
南朝 see styles |
nán cháo nan2 chao2 nan ch`ao nan chao nanchou / nancho なんちょう |
Southern Dynasties (420-589) (1) (hist) (See 南北朝・1) Southern Court (of Japan; 1336-1392); Southern Dynasty; (2) (hist) (See 南北朝・2) Southern Dynasties (of China; 420-589); (given name) Nanchō |
参院 see styles |
sanin さんいん |
(abbreviation) (See 参議院) House of Councillors (upper house of the National Diet of Japan) |
双調 see styles |
soujou / sojo そうじょう |
(1) {music} (See 十二律,仲呂・1) (in Japan) 6th note of the ancient chromatic scale (approx. G); (2) {music} (See 六調子) sōjō mode (one of the six main gagaku modes) |
台流 see styles |
tairyuu / tairyu たいりゅう |
(See 韓流) influx of Taiwanese pop culture (into Japan) |
吾妻 see styles |
wagatsuma わがつま |
(1) (archaism) eastern Japan (esp. Kamakura or Edo, from perspective of Kyoto or Nara); eastern provinces; (2) (archaism) east; (3) (abbreviation) six-stringed Japanese zither; (4) my spouse; (surname) Wagatsuma |
吾嬬 see styles |
azuma あずま |
(1) (archaism) eastern Japan (esp. Kamakura or Edo, from perspective of Kyoto or Nara); eastern provinces; (2) (archaism) east; (3) (abbreviation) six-stringed Japanese zither; (4) my spouse; (surname) Azuma |
和国 see styles |
wakoku わこく |
Yamato; ancient Japan; name by which Chinese rulers used to call Japan; (place-name) Wakoku |
和字 see styles |
waji わじ |
kanji devised in Japan; (place-name) Waji |
和洋 see styles |
wayou / wayo わよう |
Japan and the West; Japanese style and Western style; (given name) Kazuhiro |
和漢 see styles |
wakan わかん |
Japanese-Chinese; Japan and China |
和算 see styles |
wasan わさん |
(hist) Japanese mathematics; mathematics developed in Japan |
和露 see styles |
waro わろ |
Japan and Russia; Japanese-Russian; (given name) Waro |
嘉仁 see styles |
jiā rén jia1 ren2 chia jen yoshihito よしひと |
Yoshihito, personal name of the Taishō 大正[Da4 zheng4] emperor of Japan (1879-1926), reigned 1912-1926 (male given name) Yoshihito |
嚴島 严岛 see styles |
yán dǎo yan2 dao3 yen tao |
Itsukushima island in Hiroshima prefecture, Japan, with a famous shrine |
四国 see styles |
shikoku しこく |
Shikoku (smallest of the four main islands of Japan); (place-name, surname) Shikoku |
四國 四国 see styles |
sì guó si4 guo2 ssu kuo shikoku しこく |
Shikoku (one of the four main islands of Japan) (surname) Shikoku |
四民 see styles |
sì mín si4 min2 ssu min shimin しみん |
"the four classes" of ancient China, i.e. scholars, farmers, artisans, and merchants (hist) the four social classes (of Edo-period Japan; samurai, farmers, artisans, merchants) four classes of people |
四法 see styles |
sì fǎ si4 fa3 ssu fa shihō |
There are several groups of four dharma: (1) 教法 the teaching of the Buddha); 理法 its principles, or meaning; 行法 its practice; 果法 its fruits or rewards. (2) Another group relates to bodhisattvas, their never losing the bodhi-mind, or the wisdom attained, or perseverance in progress, or the monastic forest life (āraṇyaka). (3) Also 信解行證 faith, discernment, performance, and assurance. (4) The Pure-land 'True' sect of Japan has a division: 教法, i. e. the 大無量壽經; 行法 the practice of the seventeenth of Amitābha's vows; 信法 faith in the eighteenth; and 證法 proof of the eleventh. The most important work of Shinran, the founder of the sect, is these four, i. e. 教行信證. (5) A 'Lotus ' division of 四法 is the answer to a question of Puxian (Samantabhadra) how the Lotus is to be possessed after the Buddha's demise, i. e. by thought (or protection) of the Buddhas; the cultivation of virtue; entry into correct dhyāna; and having a mind to save all creatures. |
国会 see styles |
kokkai こっかい |
(1) National Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1947-); (2) (hist) (abbreviation) (See 帝国議会・1) Imperial Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1889-1947); (3) (See 議会) legislative assembly; parliament; congress |
国字 see styles |
kokuji こくじ |
(1) official writing system of a country; official script; (2) kana (as opposed to kanji); Japanese syllabary; (3) kanji created in Japan (as opposed to China); Japanese-made kanji |
国書 see styles |
kokusho こくしょ |
(1) diplomatic message sent by a head of state; sovereign letter; (2) book written in Japanese (as opposed to Chinese, etc.); Japanese book; national literature (of Japan) |
国語 see styles |
kokugo こくご |
(1) national language; (2) (See 国語科) Japanese language (esp. as a school subject in Japan); (3) one's native language; mother tongue; (4) native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords and Chinese-derived words) |
国鉄 see styles |
kokutetsu こくてつ |
(1) (abbreviation) (See 国有鉄道) national railway; (2) (abbreviation) (hist) (See 日本国有鉄道) Japan National Railways (1949-1987) |
國會 国会 see styles |
guó huì guo2 hui4 kuo hui |
Parliament (UK); Congress (US); Diet (Japan); Legislative Yuan (Taiwan) See: 国会 |
土雲 see styles |
tsuchigumo つちぐも |
tsuchigumo (people of ancient Japan who were not subjects of the Yamato court) |
在日 see styles |
zainichi ざいにち |
(adj-f,n,vs,vi) (1) resident in Japan (of a foreigner); situated in Japan (e.g. of an embassy); (2) (abbreviation) (sensitive word) (See 在日韓国人,在日朝鮮人) Zainichi; Zainichi Korean; North or South Korean national with permanent residency in Japan (who came to the country before 1945, or a descendant of such a person) |
在特 see styles |
zaitoku ざいとく |
(abbreviation) (See 在留特別許可) Special Permission to Stay in Japan; residence status that can be granted to illegal immigrants or overstayers |
地藏 see styles |
dì zàng di4 zang4 ti tsang jizou / jizo じぞう |
Kṣitigarbha, the Bodhisattva of the Great Vow (to save all souls before accepting Bodhi); also translated Earth Treasury, Earth Womb, or Earth Store Bodhisattva (surname) Jizou Ti-tsang, J. Jizō, Kṣitigarbha, 乞叉底蘗沙; Earth-store, Earth-treasury, or Earthwomb. One of the group of eight Dhvani- Bodhisattvas. With hints of a feminine origin, he is now the guardian of the earth. Though associated with Yama as overlord, and with the dead and the hells, his role is that of saviour. Depicted with the alarum staff with its six rings, he is accredited with power over the hells and is devoted to the saving of all creatures between the nirvana of Śākyamuni and the advent of Maitreya the fifth century he has been especially considered as the deliverer from the hells. His central place in China is at Chiu-hua-shan, forty li south-west of Ch'ing-yang in Anhui. In Japan he is also the protector of travellers by land and his image accordingly appears on the roads; bereaved parents put stones by his images to seek his aid in relieving the labours of their dead in the task of piling stones on the banks of the Buddhist Styx; he also helps women in labour. He is described as holding a place between the gods and men on the one hand and the hells on the other for saving all in distress; some say he is an incarnation of Yama. At dawn he sits immobile on the earth 地 and meditates on the myriads of its beings 藏. When represented as a monk, it may be through the influence of a Korean monk who is considered to be his incarnation, and who came to China in 653 and died in 728 at the age of 99 after residing at Chiu-hua-shan for seventy-five years: his body, not decaying, is said to have been gilded over and became an object of worship. Many have confused 眞羅 part of Korea with 暹羅 Siam. There are other developments of Ti-tsang, such as the 六地藏 Six Ti-tsang, i. e. severally converting or transforming those in the hells, pretas, animals, asuras, men, and the devas; these six Ti-tsang have different images and symbols. Ti-tsang has also six messengers 六使者: Yama for transforming those in hell; the pearl-holder for pretas; the strong one or animals; the devīof mercy for asuras; the devī of the treasure for human beings; one who has charge of the heavens for the devas. There is also the 延命地藏 Yanming Ti-tsang, who controls length of days and who is approached, as also may be P'u-hsien, for that Purpose; his two assistants are the Supervisors of good and evil 掌善 and 掌惡. Under another form, as 勝軍地藏 Ti-tsang is chiefly associated with the esoteric cult. The benefits derived from his worship are many, some say ten, others say twenty-eight. His vows are contained in the 地藏菩薩本願經. There is also the 大乘大集地藏十電經 tr. by Xuanzang in 10 juan in the seventh century, which probably influenced the spread of the Ti-tsang cult. |
埼玉 see styles |
qí yù qi2 yu4 ch`i yü chi yü saitama さいたま |
Saitama (city and prefecture in Japan) (the city name is officially written in hiragana) Saitama (city, prefecture); (place-name) Sakitama |
士族 see styles |
shì zú shi4 zu2 shih tsu shizoku しぞく |
land-owning class, esp. during Wei, Jin and North-South dynasties 魏晉南北朝|魏晋南北朝[Wei4 Jin4 Nan2 Bei3 Chao2] (1) family of samurai lineage; person with samurai ancestors; (2) (hist) (See 族称) shizoku; the second of three official classes in Japan in 1869-1947, consisting of former samurai |
外地 see styles |
wài dì wai4 di4 wai ti gaichi がいち |
parts of the country other than where one is (1) foreign land; overseas land; (2) (hist) overseas territories of the Empire of Japan (e.g. Korea, Taiwan); (surname) Sotochi |
外帯 see styles |
gaitai がいたい |
(1) (See 内帯・1) area on the convex side of a mountain arc or a crescent-shaped archipelago; (2) (See 西南日本外帯) area of southwestern Japan south of the Median Tectonic Line |
大乘 see styles |
dà shèng da4 sheng4 ta sheng oonori おおのり |
Mahayana, the Great Vehicle; Buddhism based on the Mayahana sutras, as spread to Central Asia, China and beyond; also pr. [Da4 cheng2] (surname) Oonori Mahāyāna; also called 上乘; 妙乘; 勝乘; 無上乘; 無上上乘; 不惡乘; 無等乘, 無等等乘; 摩訶衍 The great yāna, wain, or conveyance, or the greater vehicle in comparison with the 小乘 Hīnayāna. It indicates universalism, or Salvation for all, for all are Buddha and will attain bodhi. It is the form of Buddhism prevalent in Tibet, Mongolia, China, Korea, Japan, and in other places in the Far East. It is also called Northern Buddhism. It is interpreted as 大教 the greater teaching as compared with 小教 the smaller, or inferior. Hīnayāna, which is undoubtedly nearer to the original teaching of the Buddha, is unfairly described as an endeavour to seek nirvana through an ash-covered body, an extinguished intellect, and solitariness; its followers are sravakas and pratyekabuddhas (i.e. those who are striving for their own deliverance through ascetic works). Mahāyāna, on the other hand, is described as seeking to find and extend all knowledge, and, in certain schools, to lead all to Buddhahood. It has a conception of an Eternal Buddha, or Buddhahood as Eternal (Adi-Buddha), but its especial doctrines are, inter alia, (a) the bodhisattvas 菩薩 , i.e. beings who deny themselves final Nirvana until, according to their vows, they have first saved all the living; (b) salvation by faith in, or invocation of the Buddhas or bodhisattvas; (c) Paradise as a nirvana of bliss in the company of Buddhas, bodhisattvas, saints, and believers. Hīnayāna is sometimes described as 自利 self-benefiting, and Mahāyāna as 自利利他 self-benefit for the benefit of others, unlimited altruism and pity being the theory of Mahāyāna. There is a further division into one-yana and three-yanas: the trīyāna may be śrāvaka, pratyeka-buddha, and bodhisattva, represented by a goat, deer, or bullock cart; the one-yāna is that represented by the Lotus School as the one doctrine of the Buddha, which had been variously taught by him according to the capacity of his hearers, v. 方便. Though Mahāyāna tendencies are seen in later forms of the older Buddhism, the foundation of Mahāyāna has been attributed to Nāgārjuna 龍樹. "The characteristics of this system are an excess of transcendental speculation tending to abstract nihilism, and the substitution of fanciful degrees of meditation and contemplation (v. Samādhi and Dhyāna) in place of the practical asceticism of the Hīnayāna school."[Eitel 68-9.] Two of its foundation books are the 起信論and the 妙法蓮華經 but a larnge numberof Mahāyāna sutras are ascribed to the Buddha。. |
大倭 see styles |
yamato やまと |
(1) Japan; (2) Yamato; ancient province corresponding to modern-day Nara Prefecture; (surname) Yamato |
大坂 see styles |
dà bǎn da4 ban3 ta pan daizaka だいざか |
Japanese surname Osaka; old variant of 大阪[Da4ban3] (Osaka, city in Japan), used prior to the Meiji era (archaism) large hill; (1) Osaka; (2) (archaism) large hill; (place-name) Daizaka |
大日 see styles |
dà rì da4 ri4 ta jih dainichi だいにち |
Mahavairocana (Tathagata); Great Sun; Supreme Buddha of Sino-Japanese esoteric Buddhism; (place-name, surname) Dainichi Vairocana, or Mahāvairocana 大日如來; 遍照如來; 摩訶毘盧遮那； 毘盧遮那; 大日覺王 The sun, "shining everywhere" The chief object of worship of the Shingon sect in Japan, "represented by the gigantic image in the temple at Nara." (Eliot.) There he is known as Dai-nichi-nyorai. He is counted as the first, and according to some, the origin of the five celestial Buddhas (dhyāni-buddhas, or jinas). He dwells quiescent in Arūpa-dhātu, the Heaven beyond form, and is the essence of wisdom (bodhi) and of absolute purity. Samantabhadra 普賢 is his dhyāni-bodhisattva. The 大日經 "teaches that Vairocana is the whole world, which is divided into Garbhadhātu (material) and Vajradhātu (indestructible), the two together forming Dharmadhātu. The manifestations of Vairocana's body to himself―that is, Buddhas and Bodhisattvas ―are represented symbolically by diagrams of several circles ". Eliot. In the 金剛界 or vajradhātu maṇḍala he is the center of the five groups. In the 胎藏界 or Garbhadhātu he is the center of the eight-leaf (lotus) court. His appearance, symbols, esoteric word, differ according to the two above distinctions. Generally he is considered as an embodiment of the Truth 法, both in the sense of dharmakāya 法身 and dharmaratna 法寳. Some hold Vairocana to be the dharmakāya of Śākyamuni 大日與釋迦同一佛 but the esoteric school denies this identity. Also known as 最高顯廣眼藏如來, the Tathagata who, in the highest, reveals the far-reaching treasure of his eye, i.e. the sun. 大日大聖不動明王 is described as one of his transformations. Also, a śramaņa of Kashmir (contemporary of Padma-saṃbhava); he is credited with introducing Buddhism into Khotan and being an incarnation of Mañjuśrī; the king Vijaya Saṃbhava built a monastery for him. |
大阪 see styles |
dà bǎn da4 ban3 ta pan oozaka おおざか |
Ōsaka, a city and prefecture in Japan (archaism) large hill; (1) Osaka; (2) (archaism) large hill; (surname) Oozaka |
天山 see styles |
tiān shān tian1 shan1 t`ien shan tien shan ameyama あめやま |
Tianshan, mountain range straddling the border between China and Kyrgyzstan (1) (archaism) enormous thing; (n,adv) (2) (archaism) greatly; very; (surname, given name) Tenzan; (place-name) Tenzan (Japan); Tian Shan (China) |
天照 see styles |
amaterasu; amaterasu あまてらす; アマテラス |
(kana only) {Shinto} (See 天照大神) Amaterasu; sun goddess who is the ancestress of the Imperial House of Japan; (surname) Tenshou |
奈良 see styles |
nài liáng nai4 liang2 nai liang nara なら |
Nara, an old capital of Japan Nara (city, prefecture); (surname) Narazaki |
奴国 see styles |
nanokuni; nakoku なのくに; なこく |
Country of Na (a country that existed within Japan during the Yayoi period) |
学振 see styles |
gakushin がくしん |
(org) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (abbreviation); JSPS; (o) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (abbreviation); JSPS |
安保 see styles |
ān bǎo an1 bao3 an pao anpo あんぽ |
security (1) (abbreviation) (See 安全保障) security (e.g. national security); (2) (abbreviation) (See 日米安全保障条約) US-Japan Security Treaty; (3) (abbreviation) (See 安保闘争) campaign against the Japan-US Security Treaty (1959-60, 1970); (surname) Yasuho security |
安居 see styles |
ān jū an1 ju1 an chü ango あんご |
to settle down; to live peacefully (n,vs,vi) {Buddh} varsika (meditation retreat; usu. for 90 days starting on the 15th day of the 4th month of the lunisolar calendar); (given name) Yasuoki Tranquil dwelling. varṣā, varṣās, or varṣāvasāna. A retreat during the three months of the Indian rainy season, and also, say some, in the depth of winter. During the rains it was 'difficult to move without injuring insect life'. But the object was for study and meditation. In Tokhara the retreat is said to have been in winter, from the middle of the 12th to the middle of the 3rd moon; in India from the middle of the 5th to the 8th, or the 6th to the 9th moons; usually from Śrāvaṇa, Chinese 5th moon, to Aśvayuja, Chinese 8th moon; but the 16th of the 4th to the 15th of the 7th moon has been the common period in China and Japan. The two annual periods are sometimes called 坐 夏 and 坐 臘 sitting or resting for the summer and for the end of the year. The period is divided into three sections, former, middle, and latter, each of a month. |
宗派 see styles |
zōng pài zong1 pai4 tsung p`ai tsung pai shuuha / shuha しゅうは |
sect (1) sect; denomination; (2) school (e.g. of poetry) Sects (of Buddhism). In India, according to Chinese accounts, the two schools of Hīnayāna became divided into twentysects. Mahāyāna had two main schools, the Mādhyamika, ascribed to Nāgārjunaand Āryadeva about the second century A. D., and the Yogācārya, ascribed toAsaṅga and Vasubandhu in the fourth century A. D. In China thirteen sectswere founded: (1) 倶舍宗 Abhidharma or Kośa sect, representing Hīnayāna,based upon the Abhidharma-kosa-śāstra or 倶舍論. (2) 成實宗 Satyasiddhi sect, based on the 成實論 Satyasiddhi-śāstra,tr. by Kumārajīva; no sect corresponds to it in India; in China and Japan itbecame incorporated in the 三論宗. (3) 律宗 Vinaya or Discipline sect, basedon 十誦律, 四分律, 僧祗律, etc. (4) 三論宗 The three śāstra sect, based on theMādhyamika-śāstra 中觀論 of Nāgārjuna, theSata-śāstra 百論 of Āryadeva, and theDvādasa-nikāya-śāstra 十二門論 of Nāgārjuna; this schooldates back to the translation of the three śāstras by Kumārajīva in A. D. 409. (5) 涅槃宗 Nirvāṇasect, based upon the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra 涅槃經 tr. byDharmaraksa in 423; later incorporated in Tiantai, with which it had much incommon. (6) 地論宗 Daśabhūmikā sect, based on Vasubandhu's work on the tenstages of the bodhisattva's path to Buddhahood, tr. by Bodhiruci 508,absorbed by the Avataṃsaka school, infra. (7) 淨土宗 Pure-land or Sukhāvatīsect, founded in China by Bodhiruci; its doctrine was salvation throughfaith in Amitābha into the Western Paradise. (8) 禪宗 dhyāna, meditative or intuitional sect, attributed toBodhidharma about A. D. 527, but it existed before he came to China. (9) 攝論宗, based upon the 攝大乘論 Mahāyāna-saṃparigraha-śāstra byAsaṅga, tr. by Paramārtha in 563, subsequently absorbed by the Avataṃsakasect. (10) 天台宗 Tiantai, based on the 法華經 SaddharmapuṇḍarīkaSūtra, or the Lotus of the Good Law; it is aconsummation of the Mādhyamika tradition. (11) 華嚴宗 Avataṃsaka sect, basedon the Buddhāvataṃsaka-sūtra, or Gandha-vyūha 華嚴經 tr. in 418. (12) 法相宗 Dharmalakṣaṇa sect, established after thereturn of Xuanzang from India and his trans. of the important Yogācāryaworks. (13) 眞言宗 Mantra sect, A. D. 716. In Japan twelve sects are named:Sanron, Hossō, Kegon, Kusha, Jōjitsu, Ritsu, Tendai, Shingon; these areknown as the ancient sects, the two last being styled mediaeval; therefollow the Zen and Jōdo; the remaining two are Shin and Nichiren; at presentthere are the Hossō, Kegon, Tendai, Shingon, Zen, Jōdo, Shin, and Nichirensects. |
実手 see styles |
jutte じゅって jitte じって |
(irregular kanji usage) (archaism) short truncheon with a hook made of metal or wood (used by policeman and private thief-takers in Edo Japan) |
室町 see styles |
shì tǐng shi4 ting3 shih t`ing shih ting muromachi むろまち |
Muromachi bakufu, the feudal government of Japan (1338-1573) under the Ashikaga shoguns (hist) (See 室町時代) Muromachi period (1336-1573); (surname) Moromachi |
宮城 宫城 see styles |
gōng chéng gong1 cheng2 kung ch`eng kung cheng miyagi みやぎ |
Miyagi prefecture in the north of Japan's main island Honshū 本州[Ben3 zhou1] Miyagi (prefecture); (surname) Miyanjō |
密宗 see styles |
mì zōng mi4 zong1 mi tsung misshuu / misshu みっしゅう |
tantra (1) {Buddh} tantrism; esoteric Buddhism; (2) {Buddh} (See 真言宗) Shingon sect The esoteric, mantra, Shingon, or 'True word' sect, especially prevalent in Japan, where its two chief texts are 毘盧遮那成佛經 and 金剛頂經 founded by Kōbō Daishi, it developed the two maṇḍalas of the Garbhadhātu and Vajradhātu, q.v. |
實手 see styles |
jutte じゅって jitte じって |
(irregular kanji usage) (archaism) short truncheon with a hook made of metal or wood (used by policeman and private thief-takers in Edo Japan) |
対日 see styles |
tainichi たいにち |
toward Japan; with Japan |
對日 对日 see styles |
duì rì dui4 ri4 tui jih |
(policy etc) towards Japan |
對馬 对马 see styles |
duì mǎ dui4 ma3 tui ma touma / toma とうま |
Tsushima Island, between Japan and South Korea (surname) Touma |
小乘 see styles |
xiǎo shèng xiao3 sheng4 hsiao sheng shōjō |
Hinayana, the Lesser Vehicle; Buddhism in India before the Mayahana sutras; also pr. [Xiao3 cheng2] Hīnayāna 希那衍. The small, or inferior wain, or vehicle; the form of Buddhism which developed after Śākyamuni's death to about the beginning of the Christian era, when Mahāyāna doctrines were introduced. It is the orthodox school and more in direct line with the Buddhist succession than Mahāyānism which developed on lines fundamentally different. The Buddha was a spiritual doctor, less interested in philosophy than in the remedy for human misery and perpetual transmigration. He "turned aside from idle metaphysical speculations; if he held views on such topics, he deemed them valueless for the purposes of salvation, which was his goal" (Keith). Metaphysical speculations arose after his death, and naturally developed into a variety of Hīnayāna schools before and after the separation of a distinct school of Mahāyāna. Hīnayāna remains the form in Ceylon, Burma, and Siam, hence is known as Southern Buddhism in contrast with Northern Buddhism or Mahāyāna, the form chiefly prevalent from Nepal to Japan. Another rough division is that of Pali and Sanskrit, Pali being the general literary language of the surviving form of Hīnayāna, Sanskrit of Mahāyāna. The term Hīnayāna is of Mahāyānist origination to emphasize the universalism and altruism of Mahāyāna over the narrower personal salvation of its rival. According to Mahāyāna teaching its own aim is universal Buddhahood, which means the utmost development of wisdom and the perfect transformation of all the living in the future state; it declares that Hīnayāna, aiming at arhatship and pratyekabuddhahood, seeks the destruction of body and mind and extinction in nirvāṇa. For arhatship the 四諦Four Noble Truths are the foundation teaching, for pratyekabuddhahood the 十二因緣 twelve-nidānas, and these two are therefore sometimes styled the two vehicles 二乘. Tiantai sometimes calls them the (Hīnayāna) Tripiṭaka school. Three of the eighteen Hīnayāna schools were transported to China: 倶舍 (Abhidharma) Kośa; 成實 Satya-siddhi; and the school of Harivarman, the律 Vinaya school. These are described by Mahāyānists as the Buddha's adaptable way of meeting the questions and capacity of his hearers, though his own mind is spoken of as always being in the absolute Mahāyāna all-embracing realm. Such is the Mahāyāna view of Hīnayāna, and if the Vaipulya sūtras and special scriptures of their school, which are repudiated by Hīnayāna, are apocryphal, of which there seems no doubt, then Mahāyāna in condemning Hīnayāna must find other support for its claim to orthodoxy. The sūtras on which it chiefly relies, as regards the Buddha, have no authenticity; while those of Hīnayāna cannot be accepted as his veritable teaching in the absence of fundamental research. Hīnayāna is said to have first been divided into minority and majority sections immediately after the death of Śākyamuni, when the sthāvira, or older disciples, remained in what is spoken of as "the cave", some place at Rājagṛha, to settle the future of the order, and the general body of disciples remained outside; these two are the first 上坐部 and 大衆部 q. v. The first doctrinal division is reported to have taken place under the leadership of the monk 大天 Mahādeva (q.v.) a hundred years after the Buddha's nirvāṇa and during the reign of Aśoka; his reign, however, has been placed later than this by historians. Mahādeva's sect became the Mahāsāṅghikā, the other the Sthāvira. In time the two are said to have divided into eighteen, which with the two originals are the so-called "twenty sects" of Hīnayāna. Another division of four sects, referred to by Yijing, is that of the 大衆部 (Arya) Mahāsaṅghanikāya, 上座部 Āryasthavirāḥ, 根本說一切有部 Mūlasarvāstivādaḥ, and 正量部 Saṃmatīyāḥ. There is still another division of five sects, 五部律. For the eighteen Hīnayāna sects see 小乘十八部. |
山形 see styles |
shān xíng shan1 xing2 shan hsing yamagata やまがた |
Yamagata prefecture in the north of Japan's main island Honshū 本州[Ben3 zhou1] (1) Yamagata (city, prefecture); (noun - becomes adjective with の) (2) mountain shape; chevron; cone; (place-name, surname) Yamagata |
山窩 see styles |
sanka; sanwa; sanka さんか; さんわ; サンカ |
group of mountain nomads (in Japan); group of mountain people; the Sanka |
岡山 冈山 see styles |
gāng shān gang1 shan1 kang shan okayama おかやま |
Kangshan town in Kaohsiung county 高雄縣|高雄县[Gao1 xiong2 xian4], southwest Taiwan; Okayama prefecture in southwest of Japan's main island Honshū 本州[Ben3 zhou1] Okayama (city, prefecture); (place-name, surname) Okayama |
岩手 see styles |
yán shǒu yan2 shou3 yen shou iwate いわて |
Iwate prefecture in the north of Japan's main island Honshū 本州[Ben3 zhou1] Iwate (prefecture); (place-name) Iwade |
岩茸 see styles |
iwakoke いわこけ |
(kana only) rock tripe (edible lichen used as medication in Korea, China and Japan); (surname) Iwakoke |
島国 see styles |
shimaguni(p); tougoku / shimaguni(p); togoku しまぐに(P); とうごく |
(sometimes used as a metaphor for Japan) island country |
島國 岛国 see styles |
dǎo guó dao3 guo2 tao kuo |
island nation (sometimes refers specifically to Japan) |
帖合 see styles |
chouai / choai ちょうあい |
type of commission system in the book industry in Japan |
帰日 see styles |
kinichi きにち |
(noun/participle) (rare) returning to Japan |
帰朝 see styles |
kichou / kicho きちょう |
(n,vs,vi) returning from abroad; coming back to one's country (Japan) |
帰米 see styles |
kibei / kibe きべい |
(noun/participle) (1) returning to the United States; (2) (See 二世・にせい・1) kibei; Japanese-American children (nisei) born prior to WWII who were sent to Japan for schooling before returning to America |
幕屋 see styles |
makuya まくや |
(1) tent; (2) tabernacle; (3) small curtain-enclosed area (off a stage); (4) Makuya (Original Gospel Movement of Japan) |
幕府 see styles |
mù fǔ mu4 fu3 mu fu bakufu ばくふ |
(orig.) tents forming the offices of a commanding officer; administration of a military government; (medieval Japan) "bakufu", administration of the shogun (1) (hist) shogunate; bakufu; (2) (hist) shogun's headquarters; (3) (hist) (See 近衛) Imperial Guards office; residence of the Imperial Guards commander |
干支 see styles |
gān zhī gan1 zhi1 kan chih eto; kanshi えと; かんし |
the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干[shi2 tian1 gan1] and twelve earthly branches 十二枝; sexagenary cycle (1) sexagenary cycle; 60-term cycle of 12 zodiac animals combined with 5 elements in the traditional Chinese calendar; currently used in Japan for years, historically also for days; (2) 12-year Chinese zodiac; (given name) Kanshi |
平城 see styles |
píng chéng ping2 cheng2 p`ing ch`eng ping cheng heijou; heizei / hejo; heze へいじょう; へいぜい |
Pyongsong (city in North Korea) (hist) (See 平城京) Heijō-kyō (capital of Japan from 710-40 and 745-84; located in present-day Nara); (place-name) Pyongsong (North Korea); P'yongsong |
平民 see styles |
píng mín ping2 min2 p`ing min ping min heimin / hemin へいみん |
ordinary people; commoner (contrasted with the privileged); civilian (contrasted with the military) (1) commoner; plebeian; (2) (hist) (See 族称) commoner (in Japan between 1869 and 1947; the lowest of the three classes); (given name) Heimin |
年寄 see styles |
toshiyori としより |
(1) old people; the aged; (2) (sumo) trustee of the Japan Sumo Association; retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay; (3) senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate); (4) important local official (under the Tokugawa Shogunate) |
年度 see styles |
nián dù nian2 du4 nien tu nendo ねんど |
year (e.g. school year, fiscal year); annual (n,n-suf) (1) fiscal year (usu. April 1 to March 31 in Japan); financial year; (n,n-suf) (2) academic year; school year; (n,n-suf) (3) product year |
府県 see styles |
fuken ふけん |
(See 都道府県) prefectures (of Japan, excl. Tokyo and Hokkaido) |
廣島 广岛 see styles |
guǎng dǎo guang3 dao3 kuang tao hirojima ひろじま |
Hiroshima, Japan (surname) Hirojima |
建武 see styles |
kenmu けんむ |
(1) (hist) Kenmu era (of unified Japan; 1334.1.29-1336.2.29); (2) (hist) Kenmu era (of the Northern Court; 1336.2.29-1338.8.28) |
御国 see styles |
mikuni みくに okuni おくに |
(1) (honorific or respectful language) country; (2) (honorific or respectful language) Japan; (1) (honorific or respectful language) your native country; your hometown; (2) (polite language) my home country (i.e. Japan); (3) countryside; country; (4) (archaism) daimyo's territory (Edo period) |
御國 see styles |
mikuni みくに |
(out-dated kanji) (1) (honorific or respectful language) country; (2) (honorific or respectful language) Japan |
御時 see styles |
oontoki おおんとき |
(honorific or respectful language) reign of an emperor of Japan |
Entries with 2nd row of characters: The 2nd row is Simplified Chinese.
This page contains 100 results for "Japan" in Chinese and/or Japanese.Information about this dictionary:
Apparently, we were the first ones who were crazy enough to think that western people might want a combined Chinese, Japanese, and Buddhist dictionary.
A lot of westerners can't tell the difference between Chinese and Japanese - and there is a reason for that. Chinese characters and even whole words were borrowed by Japan from the Chinese language in the 5th century. Much of the time, if a word or character is used in both languages, it will have the same or a similar meaning. However, this is not always true. Language evolves, and meanings independently change in each language.
Example: The Chinese character 湯 for soup (hot water) has come to mean bath (hot water) in Japanese. They have the same root meaning of "hot water", but a 湯屋 sign on a bathhouse in Japan would lead a Chinese person to think it was a "soup house" or a place to get a bowl of soup. See this: Japanese Bath House
This dictionary uses the EDICT and CC-CEDICT dictionary files.
EDICT data is the property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, and is used in conformance with the Group's
license.
Chinese Buddhist terms come from Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms by William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous. This is commonly referred to as "Soothill's'". It was first published in 1937 (and is now off copyright so we can use it here). Some of these definitions may be misleading, incomplete, or dated, but 95% of it is good information. Every professor who teaches Buddhism or Eastern Religion has a copy of this on their bookshelf. We incorporated these 16,850 entries into our dictionary database ourselves (it was lot of work).
Combined, these cover 1,007,753 Japanese, Chinese, and Buddhist characters, words, idioms, names, placenames, and short phrases.
Just because a word appears here does not mean it is appropriate for a tattoo, your business name, etc. Please consult a professional before doing anything stupid with this data.
We do offer Chinese and Japanese Tattoo Services. We'll also be happy to help you translate something for other purposes.
No warranty as to the correctness, potential vulgarity, or clarity is expressed or implied. We did not write any of these definitions (though we occasionally act as a contributor/editor to the CC-CEDICT project). You are using this dictionary for free, and you get what you pay for.
The following titles are just to help people who are searching for an Asian dictionary to find this page.