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12345>| Characters | Pronunciation Romanization |
Simple Dictionary Definition |
佛 see styles |
fó fo2 fo hotoke ほとけ |
More info & calligraphy: Buddhism / Buddha(surname) Hotoke Buddha, from budh to "be aware of", "conceive", "observe", "wake"; also 佛陀; 浮圖; 浮陀; 浮頭; 浮塔; 勃陀; 勃馱; 沒馱; 母馱; 母陀; 部陀; 休屠. Buddha means "completely conscious, enlightened", and came to mean the enlightener. he Chinese translation is 覺 to perceive, aware, awake; and 智 gnosis, knowledge. There is an Eternal Buddha, see e.g. the Lotus Sutra, cap. 16, and multitudes of Buddhas, but the personality of a Supreme Buddha, an Ādi-Buddha, is not defined. Buddha is in and through all things, and some schools are definitely Pan-Buddhist in the pantheistic sense. In the triratna 三寳 commonly known as 三寳佛, while Śākyamuni Buddha is the first "person" of the Trinity, his Law the second, and the Order the third, all three by some are accounted as manifestations of the All-Buddha. As Śākyamuni, the title indicates him as the last of the line of Buddhas who have appeared in this world, Maitreya is to be the next. As such he is the one who has achieved enlightenment, having discovered the essential evil of existence (some say mundane existence, others all existence), and the way of deliverance from the constant round of reincarnations; this way is through the moral life into nirvana, by means of self-abnegation, the monastic life, and meditation. By this method a Buddha, or enlightened one, himself obtains Supreme Enlightenment, or Omniscience, and according to Māhāyanism leads all beings into the same enlightenment. He sees things not as they seem in their phenomenal but in their noumenal aspects, as they really are. The term is also applied to those who understand the chain of causality (twelve nidānas) and have attained enlightenment surpassing that of the arhat. Four types of the Buddha are referred to: (1) 三藏佛the Buddha of the Tripiṭaka who attained enlightenment on the bare ground under the bodhi-tree; (2) 通佛the Buddha on the deva robe under the bodhi-tree of the seven precious things; (3) 別佛the Buddha on the great precious Lotus throne under the Lotus realm bodhi-tree; and (4) 圓佛the Buddha on the throne of Space in the realm of eternal rest and glory where he is Vairocana. The Hīnayāna only admits the existence of one Buddha at a time; Mahāyāna claims the existence of many Buddhas at one and the same time, as many Buddhas as there are Buddha-universes, which are infinite in number. |
葉 叶 see styles |
yè ye4 yeh you / yo よう |
More info & calligraphy: Yeh(suf,ctr) (1) counter for leaves, pieces of paper, etc.; (suf,ctr) (2) (archaism) counter for boats; (female given name) Yō; (surname) Yō; Ye pattra; parṇa; leaf, leaves. |
道 see styles |
dào dao4 tao dou / do どう |
More info & calligraphy: Daoism / Taoism(1) (abbreviation) (See 道・みち・1) road; path; street; route; (2) (See 道・みち・5) way; set of practices; rules for conducting oneself; (3) (abbreviation) (in Japanese schools) (See 道徳教育) moral education; (4) Buddhist teachings; (5) Taoism; (6) administrative region of Japan (Hokkaido); (7) (hist) administrative region of Japan (Tokaido, Tosando, etc.); (8) province (administrative region of Korea); (9) circuit (administrative region of China); (10) (hist) province (Tang-era administrative region of China); (personal name) Wataru mārga. A way, road; the right path; principle, Truth, Reason, Logos, Cosmic energy; to lead; to say. The way of transmigration by which one arrives at a good or bad existence; any of the six gati, or paths of destiny. The way of bodhi, or enlightenment leading to nirvāṇa through spiritual stages. Essential nirvāṇa, in which absolute freedom reigns. For the eightfold noble path v. 八聖道.; The two Ways: (1) (a) 無礙道 or 無間道 The open or unhindered way, or the way of removing all obstacles or intervention, i. e. all delusion; (b) 解脫道 the way of release, by realization of truth. (2) (a) 難行道 The hard way of "works", i. e. by the six pāramitā and the disciplines. (b) 易行道 the easy way salvation, by the invocation of Amitābha. (3) (a) 有漏道 The way of reincarnation or mortality; (b) 無漏 the enlightened way of escape from the miseries of transmigration. (4) (a) 教道 The way of instruction; (b) 證道 the way of realization. (5) The two lower excretory organs. |
金 see styles |
jīn jin1 chin kin きん |
More info & calligraphy: Gold / Metal(1) gold (metal); (2) (See 金色) gold (color); (3) gold (medal); first place (prize); (noun - becomes adjective with の) (4) something of great value; something golden (e.g. silence); (5) money; gold coin; (6) (written before an amount of money) sum (of money); (7) (abbreviation) (See 金曜) Friday; (n,ctr) (8) karat (measure of purity of gold); carat; (9) (See 五行・1) metal (fourth phase of Wu Xing); (10) (hist) Jin dynasty (of China; 1115-1234); Chin dynasty; Jurchen dynasty; (11) (abbreviation) {shogi} (See 金将) gold general; (12) (abbreviation) (colloquialism) (See 金玉) testicles; (surname) Kimu; Kim hiraṇya, 伊爛拏 which means cold, any precious metal, semen, etc.; or 蘇伐刺 suvarṇa, which means "of a good or beautiful colour", "golden", "yellow", "gold", "a gold coin", etc. The Chinese means metal, gold, money. |
三昧 see styles |
sān mèi san1 mei4 san mei sanmai; zanmai さんまい; ざんまい |
More info & calligraphy: Samadhi(1) (さんまい only) {Buddh} samadhi (state of intense concentration achieved through meditation) (san:); (suffix noun) (2) (usu. ざんまい) being immersed in; being absorbed in; indulging in; doing to one's heart's content; (suffix noun) (3) (usu. ざんまい) prone to; apt to; (given name) Sanmai (三昧地) Samādhi, "putting together, composing the mind, intent contemplation, perfect absorption, union of the meditator with the object of meditation." (M. W.) Also 三摩地 (三摩提, 三摩帝, 三摩底). Interpreted by 定 or 正定, the mind fixed and undisturbed; by 正受 correct sensation of the object contemplated; by 調直定 ordering and fixing the mind; by 正心行處 the condition when the motions of the mind are steadied and harmonized with the object; by 息慮凝心 the cessation of distraction and the fixation of the mind; by 等持 the mind held in equilibrium; by 奢摩他, i.e. 止息 to stay the breathing. It is described as concentration of the mind (upon an object). The aim is 解脫, mukti, deliverance from all the trammels of life, the bondage of the passions and reincarnations. It may pass from abstraction to ecstasy, or rapture, or trance. Dhyāna 定 represents a simpler form of contemplation; samāpatti 三摩鉢底 a stage further advanced; and samādhi the highest stage of the Buddhist equivalent for Yoga, though Yoga is considered by some as a Buddhist development differing from samādhi. The 翻譯名義 says: 思專 when the mind has been concentrated, then 志一不分 the will is undivided; when 想寂 active thought has been put to rest, then 氣虛神朗 the material becomes etherealized and the spirit liberated, on which 智 knowledge, or the power to know, has free course, and there is no mystery into which it cannot probe. Cf. 智度論 5, 20, 23, 28; 止觀 2; 大乘義章 2, 9, 1 3, 20, etc. There are numerous kinds and degrees of samādhi. |
人道 see styles |
rén dào ren2 dao4 jen tao jindou(p); nindou / jindo(p); nindo じんどう(P); にんどう |
More info & calligraphy: The Tao or Dao of Being Human / Humanity(1) humanity; (2) sidewalk; footpath; (3) (にんどう only) {Buddh} (See 六道) human realm rebirth as a human being |
化身 see styles |
huà shēn hua4 shen1 hua shen keshin けしん |
More info & calligraphy: Avatar(n,vs,adj-no) {Buddh} incarnation; impersonation; personification; avatar nirmāṇakāya, 應身, 應化身; 變化身 The third characteristic or power of the trikāya 三身, a Buddha's metamorphosic body, which has power to assume any shape to propagate the Truth. Some interpret the term as connoting pan-Buddha, that all nature in its infinite variety is the phenomenal 佛身 Buddha-body. A narrower interpretation is his appearance in human form expressed by 應身, while 化身 is used for his manifold other forms of appearances. |
布施 see styles |
bù shī bu4 shi1 pu shih fuse ふせ |
More info & calligraphy: Dana: Almsgiving and Generosity(n,vs,vi) (1) {Buddh} alms-giving; charity; (n,vs,vi) (2) {Buddh} offerings (usu. money) to a priest (for reading sutras, etc.); (surname) Fuho dāna 檀那; the sixth pāramitā, almsgiving, i. e. of goods, or the doctrine, with resultant benefits now and also hereafter in the forms of reincarnation, as neglect or refusal will produce the opposite consequences. The 二種布施 two kinds of dāna are the pure, or unsullied charity, which looks for no reward here but only hereafter; and the sullied almsgiving whose object is personal benefit. The three kinds of dāna are goods, the doctrine, and courage, or fearlessness. The four kinds are pens to write the sutras, ink, the sutras themselves, and preaching. The five kinds are giving to those who have come from a distance, those who are going to a distance, the sick, the hungry, those wise in the doctrine. The seven kinds are giving to visitors, travellers, the sick, their nurses, monasteries, endowments for the sustenance of monks or nuns, and clothing and food according to season. The eight kinds are giving to those who come for aid, giving for fear (of evil), return for kindness received, anticipating gifts in return, continuing the parental example of giving, giving in hope of rebirth in a particular heaven, in hope of an honoured name, for the adornment of the heart and life. 倶舍論 18. |
正業 正业 see styles |
zhèng yè zheng4 ye4 cheng yeh seigyou / segyo せいぎょう |
More info & calligraphy: 4. Right Action / Perfect Conductlegitimate occupation; honest business samyakkarmānta, right action, purity of body, avoiding all wrong, the fourth of the 八正道; 'right action, abstaining from taking life, or what is not given, or from carnal indulgence. ' Keith. |
滅諦 灭谛 see styles |
miè dì mie4 di4 mieh ti mettai めったい |
More info & calligraphy: Four Noble Truths: Elimination of Desire or Attachmentnirodha-āryasatya, the third of the four dogmas, the extinction of suffering, which is rooted in reincarnation, v. 四諦. |
菩薩 菩萨 see styles |
pú sà pu2 sa4 p`u sa pu sa bosatsu(p); bosachi(ok) ぼさつ(P); ぼさち(ok) |
More info & calligraphy: Bodhisattva(n,n-suf) (1) {Buddh} bodhisattva; one who has reached enlightenment but vows to save all beings before becoming a buddha; (n,n-suf) (2) High Monk (title bestowed by the imperial court); (n,n-suf) (3) (See 本地垂迹説) title bestowed to Shinto kami in manifestation theory; (surname) Mizoro bodhisattva, cf. 菩提薩埵. While the idea is not foreign to Hīnayāna, its extension of meaning is one of the chief marks of Mahāyāna. 'The Bodhisattva is indeed the characteristic feature of the Mahāyāna.' Keith. According to Mahāyāna the Hinayanists, i.e. the śrāvaka and pratyekabuddha, seek their own salvation, while the bodhisattva's aim is the salvation of others and of all. The earlier intp. of bodhisattva was 大道心衆生 all beings with mind for the truth; later it became 大覺有情 conscious beings of or for the great intelligence, or enlightenment. It is also intp. in terms of leadership, heroism, etc. In general it is a Mahayanist seeking Buddhahood, but seeking it altruistically; whether monk or layman, he seeks enlightenment to enlighten others, and he will sacrifice himself to save others; he is devoid of egoism and devoted to helping others. All conscious beings having the Buddha-nature are natural bodhisattvas, but require to undergo development. The mahāsattva is sufficiently advanced to become a Buddha and enter nirvāṇa, but according to his vow he remains in the realm of incarnation to save all conscious beings. A monk should enter on the arduous course of discipline which leads to Bodhisattvahood and Buddhahood. |
輪廻 轮廻 see styles |
lún huí lun2 hui2 lun hui rinne りんね |
More info & calligraphy: Samsara / Endless Cycle of Rebirth輪轉 saṃsāra, the turning of the wheel, to revolve, i.e. transmigration in the six ways, the wheel of transmigration; the round of existence. |
轉世 转世 see styles |
zhuǎn shì zhuan3 shi4 chuan shih tense |
More info & calligraphy: Reincarnation (Buddhism)To return to this life. |
阿修羅 阿修罗 see styles |
ā xiū luó a1 xiu1 luo2 a hsiu lo ashura; asura あしゅら; あすら |
More info & calligraphy: Frightful Demon / Asura{Buddh} Asura; demigod; anti-god; titan; demigods that fight the Devas (gods) in Hindu mythology; (female given name) Ashura asura, 修羅 originally meaning a spirit, spirits, or even the gods, it generally indicates titanic demons, enemies of the gods, with whom, especially Indra, they wage constant war. They are defined as 'not devas', and 'ugly', and 'without wine'. Other forms are 阿須羅 (or 阿蘇羅, or 阿素羅); 阿修倫 (or羅須倫 or 阿修輪 or 羅須輪); 阿素洛; 阿差. Four classes are named according to their manner of rebirth-egg, born, womb-born, transformation-born, and spawn- or water-born. Their abode is in the ocean, north of Sumeru, but certain of the weaker dwell in a western mountain cave. They have realms, rulers, and palaces, as have the devas. The 阿修羅道 is one of the six gatis, or ways of reincarnation. The 修羅場 or 修羅巷 is the battlefield of the asuras against Indra. The 阿修羅琴 are their harps. |
釋迦牟尼 释迦牟尼 see styles |
shì jiā móu ní shi4 jia1 mou2 ni2 shih chia mou ni Shakamuni |
More info & calligraphy: Shakyamuni / The Buddha釋迦文 (釋迦文尼); 釋伽文 Śākyamuni, the saint of the Śākya tribe. muni is saint, holy man, sage, ascetic monk; it is: intp. as 仁 benevolent, charitable, kind, also as 寂默 one who dwells in seclusion. After '500 or 550' previous incarnations, Śākyamuni finally attained to the state of Bodhisattva, was born in the Tuṣita heaven, and descended as a white elephant, through her right side, into the womb of the immaculate Māyā, the purest woman on earth; this was on the 8th day of the 4th month; next year on the 8th day of the 2nd month he was born from her right side painlessly as she stood under a tree in the Lumbinī garden. For the subsequent miraculous events v. Eitel. also the 神通遊戲經 (Lalitavistara), the 釋迦如來成道記, etc. Simpler statements say that he was born the son of Śuddhodana, of the kṣatriya caste, ruler of Kapilavastu, and Māyā his wife; that Māyā died seven days later, leaving him to be brought up by her sister Prājapati; that in due course he was married to Yaśodharā who bore him a son, Rāhula; that in search of truth he left home, became an ascetic, severely disciplined himself, and finally at 35 years of age, under a tree, realized that the way of release from the chain of rebirth and death lay not in asceticism but in moral purity; this he explained first in his four dogmas, v. 四諦 and eightfold noble way 八正道, later amplified and developed in many sermons. He founded his community on the basis of poverty, chastity, and insight or meditation, ad it became known as Buddhism, as he became known as Buddha, the enlightened. His death was probably in or near 487 B.C., a few years before that of Confucius in 479. The sacerdotal name of his family is Gautama, said to be the original name of the whole clan, Śākya being that of his branch, v. 瞿, 喬.; his personal name was Siddhārtha, or Sarvārthasiddha, v. 悉. |
使 see styles |
shǐ shi3 shih shi し |
to make; to cause; to enable; to use; to employ; to send; to instruct sb to do something; envoy; messenger (1) messenger; (2) (abbreviation) (See 検非違使) police and judicial chief (Heian and Kamakura periods); (3) {Buddh} (See 煩悩・2) klesha (polluting thoughts such as greed, hatred and delusion, which result in suffering); (female given name) Tsukasa To send; cause; a messenger; a pursuer, molester, lictor, disturber, troubler, intp. as 煩惱 kleśa, affliction, distress, worldly cares, vexations, and as consequent reincarnation. There are categories of 10, 16, 98, 112, and 128 such troublers, e. g. desire, hate, stupor, pride, doubt, erroneous views, etc., leading to painful results in future rebirths, for they are karma-messengers executing its purpose. Also 金剛童子 q. v. |
岐 see styles |
qí qi2 ch`i chi funato ふなと |
variant of 歧[qi2] (1) (kana only) the public (esp. much-discussed, much-heard); the street (e.g. "word on the street"); (2) (kana only) street; district; quarters; (3) (kana only) location (of a battle, etc.); scene (e.g. of carnage); (4) (kana only) divide (e.g. between life and death); (5) fork (in a road); crossroads; (surname) Funato |
巷 see styles |
xiàng xiang4 hsiang tsuji つじ |
lane; alley (1) (kana only) the public (esp. much-discussed, much-heard); the street (e.g. "word on the street"); (2) (kana only) street; district; quarters; (3) (kana only) location (of a battle, etc.); scene (e.g. of carnage); (4) (kana only) divide (e.g. between life and death); (5) fork (in a road); crossroads; (personal name) Tsuji |
度 see styles |
duó duo2 to do ど |
to estimate; Taiwan pr. [duo4] (n,n-suf) (1) degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); (counter) (2) counter for occurrences; (n,n-suf) (3) strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; (n,n-suf) (4) alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; (5) (See 度を過ごす) extent; degree; limit; (6) (See 度を失う) presence of mind; composure; (given name) Wataru pāramitā, 波羅蜜; intp. by 渡 to ferry over; to save. The mortal life of reincarnations is the sea; nirvana is the other shore; v. pāramitā, 波. Also, to leave the world as a monk or nun, such is a 度得 or 度者. |
我 see styles |
wǒ wo3 wo ga が |
I; me; my (1) {Buddh} obstinacy; (2) atman; the self; the ego I, my, mine; the ego, the master of the body, compared to the ruler of a country. Composed of the five skandhas and hence not a permanent entity. It is used for ātman, the self, personality. Buddhism takes as a fundamental dogma 無我, i.e. no 常我, no permanent ego, only recognizing a temporal or functional ego. The erroneous idea of a permanent self continued in reincarnation is the source of all illusion. But the Nirvana Sutra definitely asserts a permanent ego in the transcendental world, above the range of reincarnation; and the trend of Mahāyāna supports such permanence; v. 常我樂淨. |
衢 see styles |
qú qu2 ch`ü chü ku ちまた |
thoroughfare (1) (kana only) the public (esp. much-discussed, much-heard); the street (e.g. "word on the street"); (2) (kana only) street; district; quarters; (3) (kana only) location (of a battle, etc.); scene (e.g. of carnage); (4) (kana only) divide (e.g. between life and death); (5) fork (in a road); crossroads A thoroughfare, a way, cf. 瞿 18. |
貪 贪 see styles |
tān tan1 t`an tan tan; ton; don たん; とん; どん |
to have a voracious desire for; to covet; greedy; corrupt (1) coveting; (2) {Buddh} (usu. とん) raga (desire) rāga; colouring, dyeing, tint, red; affection, passion, vehement longing or desire; cf. M. W. In Chinese: cupidity, desire; intp. tainted by and in bondage to the five desires; it is the first in order of the 五鈍使 pañca-kleśa q. v., and means hankering after, desire for, greed, which causes clinging to earthly life and things, therefore reincarnation. |
一間 一间 see styles |
yī jiān yi1 jian1 i chien hitoma ひとま |
one room; (surname) Ichima ekavīcika 翳迦鼻致迦 Still one final stage of mortality before nirvāṇa. Also wrongly styled bījaka 鼻致迦, a seed 一種 which leads to one more reincarnation. |
七仏 see styles |
shichibutsu しちぶつ |
(abbreviation) (See 過去七仏) the seven previous incarnations of Buddha |
七寶 七宝 see styles |
qī bǎo qi1 bao3 ch`i pao chi pao shichihō |
sapta ratna 薩不荅羅的捺 The seven treasures, or precious things, of which there are varying descriptions, e.g. 金 suvarna, gold; 銀rūpya, silver; 鐂璃 vaiḍūrya, lapis lazuli; 玻瓈sphaṭika, crystal; 硨磲 musāragalva, agate; 赤珠 rohita-mukta, rubies or red pearls; 瑪瑙 aśmagarbha, cornelian. Also the seven royal (cakravartin) treasures―the golden wheel; elephants; dark swift horses; the divine pearl, or beautiful pearls; able ministers of the Treasury; jewels of women; and loyal generals. |
七魄 see styles |
qī pò qi1 po4 ch`i p`o chi po |
seven mortal forms in Daoism, representing carnal life and desires; contrasted with 三魂 three immortal souls |
三句 see styles |
sān jù san1 ju4 san chü sanku |
Three cryptic questions of 雲門 Yunmen, founder of the Yunmen Chan School. They are: (1) 截斷衆流 What is it that stops all flow (of reincarnation) ? The reply from the 起信論 is 一心, i. e. the realization of the oneness of mind, or that all is mind. (2) 函蓋乾坤 What contains and includes the universe? The 眞如. (3) 隨波逐浪 One wave following another— what is this? Birth and death 生死, or transmigration, phenomenal existence. |
三生 see styles |
sān shēng san1 sheng1 san sheng mitsuo みつお |
(surname, given name) Mitsuo The three births, or reincarnations, past, present, future. Tiantai has (a) 種 planting the seed; (b) 熟 ripening; (c) 脫 liberating, stripping, or harvesting, i.e. beginning, development, and reward of bodhi, a process either gradual or instantaneous. Huayan has (a) 見聞生 a past life of seeing and hearing Buddha-truth; (b) 解行生 liberation in the present life; (c) 證入生 realization of life in Buddhahood. This is also called 三生成佛, Buddhahood in the course of three lives. There is also a definition of three rebirths as the shortest term for arhatship, sixty kalpas being the longest. There are other definitions. |
下世 see styles |
xià shì xia4 shi4 hsia shih shimoyo しもよ |
to die; future incarnation; next life; to be born; to come into the world; future generation (surname) Shimoyo |
下品 see styles |
xià pǐn xia4 pin3 hsia p`in hsia pin gehin げひん |
(noun or adjectival noun) vulgar; indecent; coarse; crude; (place-name) Shimoshina The three lowest of the nine classes born in the Amitābha Pure Land, v. 無量壽經. These three lowest grades are (1) 下品上生 The highest of the three lowest classes who enter the Pure Land of Amitābha, i.e. those who have committed all sins except dishonouring the sūtras. If at the end of life the sinner clasps hands and says "Namo Amitābha", such a one will be born in His precious lake. (2) 下品中生 The middle class consists of those who have broken all the commandments, even stolen from monks and abused the law. If at death such a one hears of the great power of Amitābha, and assents with but a thought, he will be received into paradise. (3) 下品下生 The lowest class, because of their sins, should have fallen into the lowest gati, but by invoking the name of Amitābha, they can escape countless ages of reincarnation and suffering and on dying will behold a lotus flower like the sun, and, by the response of a single thought, will enter the Pure Land of Amitābha. |
不輕 不轻 see styles |
bù qīng bu4 qing1 pu ch`ing pu ching fukyō |
Never Despise, 常不輕菩薩 a previous incarnation of the Buddha, as a monk whose constant greeting to all he met, that they were destined for Buddhahood, brought him much persecution; see the chapter of this title in the Lotus Sutra. |
中有 see styles |
zhōng yǒu zhong1 you3 chung yu chuuu / chuu ちゅうう |
{Buddh} (See 中陰,四有) bardo; state (or period) of intermediate existence between one's death and rebirth (in Japan, 49 days) One of the 四有, i. e. the antarā-bhāva or intermediate state of existence between death and reincarnation; hence 中有之旅 is an unsettled being in search of a new habitat or reincarnation; v. 中陰. |
中流 see styles |
zhōng liú zhong1 liu2 chung liu chuuru / churu ちゅうる |
midstream (hist) (See 三流・さんる) banishment (to a somewhat distant province); middle-degree punishment of the three banishment punishments under the ritsuryō system In the midst of the stream, i. e. of 生死 mortality, or reincarnations. |
中陰 中阴 see styles |
zhōng yīn zhong1 yin1 chung yin chuuin / chuin ちゅういん |
{Buddh} bardo; state (or period) of intermediate existence between one's death and rebirth (in Japan, 49 days); (place-name) Nakakage The intermediate existence between death and reincarnation, a stage varying from seven to forty-nine days, when the karma-body will certainly be reborn; v. 中有. |
九品 see styles |
jiǔ pǐn jiu3 pin3 chiu p`in chiu pin kuhon; kokonoshina くほん; ここのしな |
(1) (abbreviation) {Buddh} (See 浄土・1) nine levels of Amitabha's Pure Land; (2) (くほん only) (See 九品浄土) Amitabha's Pure Land; (3) (くほん only) (See 九品蓮台) nine-tiered lotus leaf platform in Amitabha's Pure Land; (given name) Kuhon Nine classes, or grades, i.e. 上上, 上中, 上下 upper superior, middle superior, lower superior, and so on with 中 and 下. They are applied in many ways, e.g. 上品上生 the highest type of incarnate being, to 下品下生, the lowest, with corresponding karma; see 九品淨土. Each grade may also be subdivided into nine, thus making a list of eighty-one grades, with similar further subdivision ad infinitum. |
二流 see styles |
èr liú er4 liu2 erh liu niryuu / niryu にりゅう |
second-rate; second-tier (noun - becomes adjective with の) second-rate; inferior The two ways in the current of transmigration: 順流 to flow with it in continual re-incarnation; 逆流 resist it and seek a way of escape by getting rid of life's delusions, as in the case of the saints. |
五山 see styles |
wǔ shān wu3 shan1 wu shan gosan; gozan ごさん; ござん |
(rare) five most important temples of a region; (surname) Goyama Five mountains and monasteries: (1) in India, sacred because of their connection with the Buddha: 鞞婆羅跋怒 Vaibhāra-vana; 薩多般那求呵 Saptaparṇaguhā; 因陀羅勢羅求呵 Indraśailaguhā; 薩簸恕魂直迦鉢婆羅 Sarpiṣ kuṇḍikā-prāgbhāra; 耆闍崛 Gṛdhrakūṭa; (2) in China, established during the Five Dynasties and the Southern Sung dynasty, on the analogy of those in India; three at Hangzhou at 徑山 Jingshan, 北山 Beishan, and 南山 Nanshan and two at Ningbo at 阿育王山 King Aśoka Shan and 太白山 Taiboshan. Later the Yuan dynasty established one at 全陵 Chin Ling, the 天界大龍翔隻慶寺 which became chief of these under the Ming dynasty. |
五識 五识 see styles |
wǔ shì wu3 shi4 wu shih goshiki |
The five parijñānas, perceptions or cognitions; ordinarily those arising from the five senses, i. e. of form-and-color, sound, smell, taste, and touch. The 起信論 Awakening of Faith has a different set of five steps in the history of cognition; (1) 業識 initial functioning of mind under the influence of the original 無明 unenlightenment or state of ignorance; (2) 轉識 the act of turning towards the apparent object for its observation; (3) 現識 observation of the object as it appears; (4) 知識 the deductions derived from its appearance; (5) 相續識 the consequent feelings of like or dislike, pleasure or pain, from which arise the delusions and incarnations. |
人仙 see styles |
rén xiān ren2 xian1 jen hsien ninsen |
The ṛṣi jina, or immortal among men, i.e. the Buddha; also a name for Bimbisāra in his reincarnation. |
人因 see styles |
rén yīn ren2 yin1 jen yin ninin |
The causative influences for being reborn as a human being, i.e. a good life. Those in positions of honour have obtained them by former deeds of benevolence, reverence to Buddhas and monks, patience, humility, devotion to the sutras, charity, morality, zeal and exhortation, obedience, loyalty - hence they have obtained affluence, long life, and are held in high regard. Those in mean condition are thus born because of the opposite characteristics in previous incarnation. |
人空 see styles |
rén kōng ren2 kong1 jen k`ung jen kung ningū |
Man is only a temporary combination formed by the five skandhas and the twelve nidānas, being the product of previous causes, and without a real self or permanent soul. Hīnayāna is said to end these causes and consequent reincarnation by discipline in subjection of the passions and entry into nirvana by the emptying of the self. Mahāyāna fills the "void" with the Absolute, declaring that when man has emptied himself of the ego he realizes his nature to be that of the absolute, bhūtatathatā; v. 二空. |
修羅 修罗 see styles |
xiū luó xiu1 luo2 hsiu lo shura; sura しゅら; すら |
Asura, malevolent spirits in Indian mythology (1) (abbreviation) {Buddh} (See 阿修羅) Asura; demigod; anti-god; titan; demigods that fight the Devas (gods) in Hindu mythology; (2) fighting; carnage; conflict; strife; (3) sledge (for conveying large rocks, logs, etc.); (4) (See 滑道) log slide; chute; flume; (female given name) Shura asura, demons who war with Indra; v. 阿修羅; it is also sura, which means a god, or deity. |
元因 see styles |
yuán yīn yuan2 yin1 yüan yin gan'in |
原因 The original or fundamental cause which produces phenomena, e. g. karma, reincarnation, etc.; every cause has its fruit or consequences. The idea of cause and effect is a necessary condition of antecedent and consequence; it includes such relations as interaction, correlation, interdependence, co-ordination based on an intrinsic necessity. |
兩財 两财 see styles |
liǎng cái liang3 cai2 liang ts`ai liang tsai ryōzai |
The two talents, or rewards from previous incarnations, 内 inner, i. e. bodily or personal conditions, and 外 external, i. e. wealth or poverty, etc. |
六度 see styles |
liù dù liu4 du4 liu tu rokudo ろくど |
(surname) Rokudo The six things that ferry one beyond the sea of mortality to nirvana, i. e. the six pāramitās 波羅蜜 (波羅蜜多): (1) 布施 dāna, charity, or giving, including the bestowing of the truth on others; (2) 持戒 śīla, keeping the command rents; (3) 忍辱 kṣānti, patience under insult; (4) 精進 vīrya, zeal and progress; (5) 闡定 dhyāna, meditation or contemplation; (6) 智慧 prajñā; wisdom, the power to discern reality or truth. It is the last that carries across the saṃsāra (sea of incarnate life) to the shores of nirvana. The opposites of these virtues are meanness, wickedness, anger, sloth, a distracted mind, and ignorance. The 唯識論 adds four other pāramitās: (7) 方便 upāya, the use of appropriate means; (8) 願 praṇidhāna, pious vows; (9) 力 bala, power of fulfillment; (10) 智 jñāna knowledge. |
六趣 see styles |
liù qù liu4 qu4 liu ch`ü liu chü rokushu |
The six directions of reincarnation, also 六道: (1) 地獄趣 naraka-gati, or that of the hells; (2) 餓鬼趣 preta-gati, of hungry ghosts; (3) 畜生趣 tiryagyoni-gati, of animals; (4) 阿修羅趣 asura-gati, of malevolent nature spirits; (5 ) 人趣 manuṣya-gati, of human existence; (6) 天趣 deva-gati, of deva existence. The 六趣輪廻經 is attributed to Aśvaghoṣa. |
具現 see styles |
gugen ぐげん |
(noun, transitive verb) incarnation; embodiment; realization; giving concrete form (to) |
再世 see styles |
zài shì zai4 shi4 tsai shih |
to be reincarnated |
再来 see styles |
sarai さらい |
(n,vs,vi) (1) return; coming back; (n,vs,vi) (2) second coming (e.g. of Christ); second advent; reincarnation; (female given name) Sarai |
再生 see styles |
zài shēng zai4 sheng1 tsai sheng saisei / saise さいせい |
to be reborn; to regenerate; to be a second so-and-so (famous dead person); recycling; regeneration (n,vs,vt,vi) (1) restoration to life; coming to life again; resuscitation; regeneration; (n,vs,vi) (2) reformation; rehabilitation; (noun, transitive verb) (3) recycling; reclamation; recovery; (noun, transitive verb) (4) playback; regeneration (of video or sound); views (of an online video); (n,vs,vt,vi) (5) {biol} regeneration (of lost or damaged tissue); regrowth; (noun, transitive verb) (6) rebirth; reincarnation; (n,vs,vt,vi) (7) {psych} recall (memory); retrieval |
冥界 see styles |
míng jiè ming2 jie4 ming chieh meikai / mekai めいかい |
ghost world hades; realm of the dead Hades, or the three lower forms of incarnation, i.e. hell, preta, animal. |
出慧 see styles |
chū huì chu1 hui4 ch`u hui chu hui shutsue |
The wisdom of leaving mortality, or reincarnations; the wisdom of leaving the world. |
分身 see styles |
fēn shēn fen1 shen1 fen shen bunshin(p); bunjin(ok) ぶんしん(P); ぶんじん(ok) |
(of one who has supernatural powers) to replicate oneself so as to appear in two or more places at the same time; a derivative version of sb (or something) (e.g. avatar, proxy, clone, sockpuppet); to spare some time for a separate task; to cut a corpse into pieces; to pull a body apart by the four limbs; parturition (1) other self; alter ego; part of oneself (in someone or something else); representation of oneself; (2) {Buddh} incarnations of Buddha Parturition: in Buddhism it means a Buddha's power to reproduce himself ad infinitum and anywhere. |
前世 see styles |
qián shì qian2 shi4 ch`ien shih chien shih zensei / zense ぜんせい |
previous generations; previous incarnation (Buddhism) antiquity; the previous era 前生 Former life or lives. |
前生 see styles |
qián shēng qian2 sheng1 ch`ien sheng chien sheng zenshou / zensho ぜんしょう |
previous life; previous incarnation {Buddh} (See 後生・ごしょう・1,今生・こんじょう) previous existence previous lifetime |
前身 see styles |
qián shēn qian2 shen1 ch`ien shen chien shen zenshin ぜんしん |
forerunner; predecessor; precursor; previous incarnation (Buddhism); jacket front antecedents; ancestor; previous position; previous existence; predecessor organization; predecessor organisation The previous body, or incarnation. |
剜燈 剜灯 see styles |
wān dēng wan1 deng1 wan teng wantō |
To scoop out (one's body) and turn (it) into a lamp, attributed to Śākyamuni in a former incarnation. |
剝皮 剥皮 see styles |
bāo pí bao1 pi2 pao p`i pao pi hakuhi |
to skin; to flay; to peel; (fig.) (coll.) to haul (sb) over the coals; also pr. [bo1 pi2] To flay, or peel. In one of the previous incarnations of Śākyamuni he is said to have written a certain gāthā containing the Holy Law on a piece of his own flayed skin with one of his bones split into the shape of a pen, and his blood instead of ink. 智度論 27. |
劣情 see styles |
retsujou / retsujo れつじょう |
animal passions; carnal desire; lust |
化佛 see styles |
huà fó hua4 fo2 hua fo kebutsu |
nirmāṇabuddha, an incarnate, or metamorphosed Buddha: Buddhas and bodhisattvas have universal and unlimited powers of appearance, v. 神通力. |
化土 see styles |
huà tǔ hua4 tu3 hua t`u hua tu kedo |
one of the 三土 three kinds of lands, or realms; it is any land or realm whose inhabitants are subject to reincarnation; any land which a Buddha is converting, or one in which is the transformed body of a Buddha. These lands are of two kinds, pure like the Tusita heaven, and vile or unclean like this world. Tiantai defines the huatu or the transformation realm of Amitābha as the Pure-land of the West, but other schools speak of huatu as the realm on which depends the nirmāṇakāya, with varying definitions. |
化女 see styles |
huà nǚ hua4 nv3 hua nü kenyo; kejo けにょ; けじょ |
(1) {Buddh} Buddha or Bodhisattva appearing in female form; female incarnation; (2) female ghost; female apparition is 化人 in female form. |
化現 化现 see styles |
huà xiàn hua4 xian4 hua hsien kegen けげん |
(n,vs,vi) {Buddh} manifesting in a bodily form (of a god or Buddha); incarnation; avatar Metamorphosis and manifestation; the appearance or forms of a Buddha or bodhisattva for saving creatures may take any form required for that end. |
化生 see styles |
huà shēng hua4 sheng1 hua sheng keshou / kesho けしょう |
(noun/participle) (1) {Buddh} (See 四生) spontaneous birth; (2) goblin; monster; (surname, given name) Keshou q. v. means direct 'birth' by metamorphosis. It also means the incarnate avaatara of a deity.; aupapādaka, or aupapāduka. Direct metamorphosis, or birth by transformation, one of the 四生, by which existence in any required form is attained in an instant in full maturity. By this birth bodhisattvas residing in Tuṣita appear on earth. Dhyāni Buddhas and Avalokiteśvara are likewise called 化生. It also means unconditional creation at the beginning of a kalpa. Bhuta 部多 is also used with similar meaning. There are various kinds of 化生, e. g. 佛菩薩化生 the transformation of a Buddha or bodhisattva, in any form at will, without gestation, or intermediary conditions: 極樂化生, birth in the happy land of Amitābha by transformation through the Lotus; 法身化生 the dharmakāya, or spiritual body, born or formed on a disciple's conversion. |
化色 see styles |
huà sè hua4 se4 hua se keshiki |
A Buddha's or bodhisattva's metamorphoses of body, or incarnations at will. |
十心 see styles |
shí xīn shi2 xin1 shih hsin jisshin |
The ten kinds of heart or mind; there are three groups. One is from the 止觀 4, minds ignorant and dark; affected by evil companions; not following the good; doing evil in thought, word, deed; spreading evil abroad; unceasingly wicked; secret sin; open crime; utterly shameless; denying cause and effect (retribution)―all such must remain in the flow 流 of reincarnation. The second group (from the same book) is the 逆流 the mind striving against the stream of perpetual reincarnation; it shows itself in devout faith, shame (for sin), fear (of wrong-doing), repentance and confession, reform, bodhi (i.e. the bodhisattva mind), doing good, maintaining the right law, thinking on all the Buddhas, meditation on the void (or, the unreality of sin). The third is the 眞言 group from the 大日經疏 3; the "seed" heart (i.e. the original good desire), the sprout (under Buddhist religious influence), the bud, leaf, flower, fruit, its serviceableness; the child-heart, the discriminating heart, the heart of settled judgment (or resolve). |
十障 see styles |
shí zhàng shi2 zhang4 shih chang jisshō |
Ten hindrances; bodhisattvas in the stage of 十地 overcome these ten hindrances and realize the十眞如 q.v. The hindrances are: (1) 異生性障 the hindrance of the common illusions of the unenlightened, taking the seeming for real; (2) 邪行障 the hindrance of common unenlightened conduct; (3) 暗鈍障 the hindrance of ignorant and dull ideas; (4) 細惑現行障 the hindrance of the illusion that things are real and have independent existence; (5)下乘涅槃障 the hindrance of the lower ideals in Hīnayāna of nirvāṇa; (6) 細相現行障 the hindrance of the ordinary ideas of the pure and impure; (7) 細相現行障 the hindrance of the idea of reincarnation; (8) 無相加行障 the hindrance of the continuance of activity even in the formless world; (9) 不欲行障 the hindrance of no desire to act for the salvation of others; (10) 法未自在障 the hindrance of non- attainment of complete mastery of all things. v. 唯識論 10. |
受肉 see styles |
juniku じゅにく |
(Christ's) incarnation |
命根 see styles |
mìng gēn ming4 gen1 ming ken meikon / mekon めいこん |
lifeblood; the thing that one cherishes most in life; (coll.) family jewels (male genitals) life A root, or basis for life, or reincarnation, the nexus of Hīnayāna between two life-periods, accepted by Mahāyāna as nominal but not real. |
善生 see styles |
shàn shēng shan4 sheng1 shan sheng yoshiki よしき |
(given name) Yoshiki Sujāta, 'well born, of high birth,' M. W. Also tr. of Susaṃbhava, a former incarnation of Śākyamuni. |
喋血 see styles |
dié xuè die2 xue4 tieh hsüeh |
bloodbath; carnage |
四姓 see styles |
sì xìng si4 xing4 ssu hsing shisei / shise しせい |
(1) the four great families of the age (esp. the Minamoto clan, the Taira clan, the Fujiwara clan and the Tachibana clan); (2) (See ヴァルナ) varna (each of the four Hindu castes) The four Indian 'clans' or castes— brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, and śūdra, i. e. (1) priestly, (2) military and ruling, (3) farmers and traders, and (4) serfs; born respectively from the mouth, shoulders, flanks, and feet of Brahma. |
四重 see styles |
sì zhòng si4 zhong4 ssu chung shijuu / shiju しじゅう |
(noun - becomes adjective with の) fourfold (四重禁) The four grave prohibitions, or sins, 四重罪 pārājikas: killing, stealing, carnality, lying. Also four of the esoteric sect, i. e. discarding the truth, discarding the bodhi-mind, being mean or selfish in regard to the supreme law, injuring the living. |
因人 see styles |
yīn rén yin1 ren2 yin jen innin |
Followers of Buddha who have not yet attained Buddhahood, but are still Producers of karma and reincarnation. |
國王 国王 see styles |
guó wáng guo2 wang2 kuo wang kokuō |
king; CL:個|个[ge4] A king, prince, i. e. one who has attained to his present high estate consequent on keeping all the ten commandments in a previous incarnation; and being protected by devas 天, he is called 天子 deva son, or Son of Heaven. |
土麨 see styles |
tǔ chǎo tu3 chao3 t`u ch`ao tu chao dojō |
Aśoka is said to have become king as a reward for offering, when a child in a previous incarnation, a double-handful of sand as wheat or food to the Buddha. |
地藏 see styles |
dì zàng di4 zang4 ti tsang jizou / jizo じぞう |
Kṣitigarbha, the Bodhisattva of the Great Vow (to save all souls before accepting Bodhi); also translated Earth Treasury, Earth Womb, or Earth Store Bodhisattva (surname) Jizou Ti-tsang, J. Jizō, Kṣitigarbha, 乞叉底蘗沙; Earth-store, Earth-treasury, or Earthwomb. One of the group of eight Dhvani- Bodhisattvas. With hints of a feminine origin, he is now the guardian of the earth. Though associated with Yama as overlord, and with the dead and the hells, his role is that of saviour. Depicted with the alarum staff with its six rings, he is accredited with power over the hells and is devoted to the saving of all creatures between the nirvana of Śākyamuni and the advent of Maitreya the fifth century he has been especially considered as the deliverer from the hells. His central place in China is at Chiu-hua-shan, forty li south-west of Ch'ing-yang in Anhui. In Japan he is also the protector of travellers by land and his image accordingly appears on the roads; bereaved parents put stones by his images to seek his aid in relieving the labours of their dead in the task of piling stones on the banks of the Buddhist Styx; he also helps women in labour. He is described as holding a place between the gods and men on the one hand and the hells on the other for saving all in distress; some say he is an incarnation of Yama. At dawn he sits immobile on the earth 地 and meditates on the myriads of its beings 藏. When represented as a monk, it may be through the influence of a Korean monk who is considered to be his incarnation, and who came to China in 653 and died in 728 at the age of 99 after residing at Chiu-hua-shan for seventy-five years: his body, not decaying, is said to have been gilded over and became an object of worship. Many have confused 眞羅 part of Korea with 暹羅 Siam. There are other developments of Ti-tsang, such as the 六地藏 Six Ti-tsang, i. e. severally converting or transforming those in the hells, pretas, animals, asuras, men, and the devas; these six Ti-tsang have different images and symbols. Ti-tsang has also six messengers 六使者: Yama for transforming those in hell; the pearl-holder for pretas; the strong one or animals; the devīof mercy for asuras; the devī of the treasure for human beings; one who has charge of the heavens for the devas. There is also the 延命地藏 Yanming Ti-tsang, who controls length of days and who is approached, as also may be P'u-hsien, for that Purpose; his two assistants are the Supervisors of good and evil 掌善 and 掌惡. Under another form, as 勝軍地藏 Ti-tsang is chiefly associated with the esoteric cult. The benefits derived from his worship are many, some say ten, others say twenty-eight. His vows are contained in the 地藏菩薩本願經. There is also the 大乘大集地藏十電經 tr. by Xuanzang in 10 juan in the seventh century, which probably influenced the spread of the Ti-tsang cult. |
垂迹 see styles |
chuí jī chui2 ji1 ch`ui chi chui chi suijaku; suishaku すいじゃく; すいしゃく |
{Buddh} manifested form (of a Buddha or Shinto deity to save people); temporary manifestation Traces, vestiges; manifestations or incarnations of Buddhas and bodhisattvas in their work of saving the living. |
垢結 垢结 see styles |
gòu jié gou4 jie2 kou chieh kuketsu |
The bond of the defiling, i.e. the material, and of reincarnation; illusion. |
堅法 坚法 see styles |
jiān fǎ jian1 fa3 chien fa kenpō |
The three things assured to the faithful (in reincarnation)—a good body, long life, and boundless wealth. |
変化 see styles |
henge へんげ |
(n,vs,vi) (1) shapeshifting (of an animal or spirit); goblin; ghost; apparition; bugbear; (n,vs,vi) (2) (See 権化・1) incarnation; (n,vs,vi) (3) transformation |
多生 see styles |
duō shēng duo1 sheng1 to sheng tashou / tasho たしょう |
(1) {Buddh} metempsychosis; (2) (See 一殺多生) saving the lives of many; (personal name) Tashou Many births, or productions; many reincarnations. |
大命 see styles |
dà mìng da4 ming4 ta ming taimei / taime たいめい |
imperial command; royal command The great order, command, destiny, or fate, i.e. life-and-death, mortality, reincarnation. |
大天 see styles |
dà tiān da4 tian1 ta t`ien ta tien daiten だいてん |
(surname) Daiten Mahādeva. 摩訶提婆. (1) A former incarnation of Śākyamuni as a Cakravartī. (2) A title of Maheśvara. (3) An able supporter of the Mahāsāṃghikaḥ, whose date is given as about a hundred years after the Buddha's death, but he is also described as a favorite of Aśoka, with whom he is associated as persecutor of the Sthavirāḥ, the head of which escaped into Kashmir. If from the latter school sprang the Mahāyāna, it may account for the detestation in which Mahādeva is held by the Mahāyānists. An account of his wickedness and heresies is given in 西域記 3 and in 婆沙論 99. |
大意 see styles |
dà yi da4 yi5 ta i taii / tai たいい |
careless synopsis; precis; summary; gist; outline; (personal name) Masamoto The general meaning or summary of a sutra or śāstra. Also, the name of a youth, a former incarnation of the Buddha : to save his nation from their poverty, he plunged into the sea to obtain a valuable pearl from the sea-god who, alarmed by the aid rendered by Indra, gave up the pearl ; v. 大意經. |
大日 see styles |
dà rì da4 ri4 ta jih dainichi だいにち |
Mahavairocana (Tathagata); Great Sun; Supreme Buddha of Sino-Japanese esoteric Buddhism; (place-name, surname) Dainichi Vairocana, or Mahāvairocana 大日如來; 遍照如來; 摩訶毘盧遮那； 毘盧遮那; 大日覺王 The sun, "shining everywhere" The chief object of worship of the Shingon sect in Japan, "represented by the gigantic image in the temple at Nara." (Eliot.) There he is known as Dai-nichi-nyorai. He is counted as the first, and according to some, the origin of the five celestial Buddhas (dhyāni-buddhas, or jinas). He dwells quiescent in Arūpa-dhātu, the Heaven beyond form, and is the essence of wisdom (bodhi) and of absolute purity. Samantabhadra 普賢 is his dhyāni-bodhisattva. The 大日經 "teaches that Vairocana is the whole world, which is divided into Garbhadhātu (material) and Vajradhātu (indestructible), the two together forming Dharmadhātu. The manifestations of Vairocana's body to himself―that is, Buddhas and Bodhisattvas ―are represented symbolically by diagrams of several circles ". Eliot. In the 金剛界 or vajradhātu maṇḍala he is the center of the five groups. In the 胎藏界 or Garbhadhātu he is the center of the eight-leaf (lotus) court. His appearance, symbols, esoteric word, differ according to the two above distinctions. Generally he is considered as an embodiment of the Truth 法, both in the sense of dharmakāya 法身 and dharmaratna 法寳. Some hold Vairocana to be the dharmakāya of Śākyamuni 大日與釋迦同一佛 but the esoteric school denies this identity. Also known as 最高顯廣眼藏如來, the Tathagata who, in the highest, reveals the far-reaching treasure of his eye, i.e. the sun. 大日大聖不動明王 is described as one of his transformations. Also, a śramaņa of Kashmir (contemporary of Padma-saṃbhava); he is credited with introducing Buddhism into Khotan and being an incarnation of Mañjuśrī; the king Vijaya Saṃbhava built a monastery for him. |
大通 see styles |
dà tōng da4 tong1 ta t`ung ta tung daitsuu / daitsu だいつう |
Datong, a district of Huainan City 淮南市[Huai2nan2 Shi4], Anhui; Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County in Xining 西寧|西宁[Xi1ning2], Qinghai (surname) Daitsuu 大通智勝 Mahābhijñā Jñānābhibhu. The great Buddha of supreme penetraton and wisdom. "A fabulous Buddha whose realm was Sambhava, his kalpa Mahārūpa. Having spent ten middling kalpas in ecstatic meditation he became a Buddha, and retired again in meditation for 84,000 kalpas, during which his sixteen sons continued (as Buddhas) his preaching. Incarnations of his sons are," Akṣobhya, Merukūṭa, Siṃhaghoṣa, Siṃhadhvaja, Ākāśapratiṣṭhita, Nityapaṛvrtta, Indradhvaja, Brahmadhvaja, Amitābha, Sarvalokadhātū- padravodvegapratyuttīrna, Tamāla-patra-candanagandha, Merukalpa, Meghasvara, Meghasvararāja, Sarvaloka-bhayastambhitatva- vidhvaṃsanakāra, and Śākyamuni; v. Eitel. He is said to have lived in a kalpa earlier than the present by kalpas as numerous as the atoms of a chiliocosm. Amitābha is his ninth son. Śākyamuni his sixteenth, and the present 大衆 or assembly of believers are said to be the reincarnation of those who were his disciples in that former aeon; v. Lotus Sutra, chapter 7. |
天仙 see styles |
tiān xiān tian1 xian1 t`ien hsien tien hsien tensen てんせん |
immortal (esp. female); deity; fairy; Goddess; fig. beautiful woman (See 仙人・せんにん・1) heavenly immortal (in Taoism); (given name) Tensen deva-ṛṣi, or devas and rsis, or immortals. Nāgārjuna gives ten classes of ṛṣis whose lifetime is 100, 000 years, then they are reincarnated. Another category is fivefold: 天仙 deva-ṛṣis in the mountains round Sumeru: 神仙 spirit-ṛṣis who roam the air: 人仙 humans who have attained the powers of immortals; 地仙 earth ṛṣis, subterranean; 鬼仙 pretas, or malevolent ṛṣis. |
天子 see styles |
tiān zǐ tian1 zi3 t`ien tzu tien tzu tenshi てんし |
the (rightful) emperor; "Son of Heaven" (traditional English translation) (1) emperor; ruler (with a heavenly mandate); (2) heavenly being; celestial being; (female given name) Yoshiko A son of Heaven. The Emperor-Princes, i. e. those who in previous incarnations have kept the middle and lower grades of the ten good qualities 十善 and, in consequence, are born here as princes. It is the title of one of the four mara, who is 天主 or lord of the sixth heaven of desire; he is also known as 天子魔 (天子業魔) and with his following opposes the Buddha-truth. |
天鬼 see styles |
tiān guǐ tian1 gui3 t`ien kuei tien kuei amaki あまき |
(surname) Amaki Gods and demons; gati, or reincarnation, among devas and demons. |
奪舍 夺舍 see styles |
duó shè duo2 she4 to she |
to incarnate into sb else's body |
女國 女国 see styles |
nǚ guó nv3 guo2 nü kuo nyokoku |
The woman-kingdom, where matriarchal government is said to have prevailed, e.g. Brahmapura, v. 婆, and Suvarṇagotra, v. 蘇. |
妄語 妄语 see styles |
wàng yǔ wang4 yu3 wang yü mougo / mogo もうご |
to tell lies; to talk nonsense (noun/participle) lie; falsehood The commandment against lying. either as slander, or false boasting, or deception; for this the 智度論 gives ten evil results on reincarnation: (1) stinking breath; (2) good spirits avoid him, as also do men; (3) none believes him even when telling the truth; (4) wise men never admit him to their deliberations: etc. |
妙光 see styles |
miào guāng miao4 guang1 miao kuang myoukou / myoko みょうこう |
(given name) Myōkou Varaprabha, Wonderful Light, an ancient incarnation of Mañjuśrī. |
妙明 see styles |
miào míng miao4 ming2 miao ming taeaki たえあき |
(surname, given name) Taeaki Profoundly enlightened heart or mind, i.e. the knowledge of the finality of the stream of reincarnation. |
子果 see styles |
zǐ guǒ zi3 guo3 tzu kuo shika |
Seed and fruit; seed-produced fruit is 子果, fruit-produced seed is 果子. The fruit produced by illusion in former incarnation is 子果, which the Hīnayāna arhat has not yet finally cut off. It is necessary to enter Nirvāṇa without remnant of mortality to be free from its "fruit", or karma. |
孟婆 see styles |
mèng pó meng4 po2 meng p`o meng po |
(Chinese folk religion) Meng Po, goddess who gives a potion to souls before they are reincarnated, which makes them forget their previous life; (Chinese folk religion) Meng Po, goddess of the wind |
官能 see styles |
guān néng guan1 neng2 kuan neng kannou / kanno かんのう |
function; capability; sense (i.e. the five senses of sight 視|视, hearing 聽|听, smell 嗅, taste 味 and touch 觸|触); faculty (i.e. specific ability) (1) the senses; (2) sensuality; carnality; (surname) Kannou |
宿住 see styles |
sù zhù su4 zhu4 su chu shukujū |
pūrva-nivāsa, former abidings, or habitations, hence宿住通 (宿住隨念智證通), i.e. Buddha-knowledge of the former incarnations of himself and others. |
宿債 宿债 see styles |
sù zhài su4 zhai4 su chai shukusai |
long-standing debt The unrepaid debts from, or sins of, former incarnations. |
Entries with 2nd row of characters: The 2nd row is Simplified Chinese.
This page contains 100 results for "Arna" in Chinese and/or Japanese.Information about this dictionary:
Apparently, we were the first ones who were crazy enough to think that western people might want a combined Chinese, Japanese, and Buddhist dictionary.
A lot of westerners can't tell the difference between Chinese and Japanese - and there is a reason for that. Chinese characters and even whole words were borrowed by Japan from the Chinese language in the 5th century. Much of the time, if a word or character is used in both languages, it will have the same or a similar meaning. However, this is not always true. Language evolves, and meanings independently change in each language.
Example: The Chinese character 湯 for soup (hot water) has come to mean bath (hot water) in Japanese. They have the same root meaning of "hot water", but a 湯屋 sign on a bathhouse in Japan would lead a Chinese person to think it was a "soup house" or a place to get a bowl of soup. See this: Japanese Bath House
This dictionary uses the EDICT and CC-CEDICT dictionary files.
EDICT data is the property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, and is used in conformance with the Group's
license.
Chinese Buddhist terms come from Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms by William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous. This is commonly referred to as "Soothill's'". It was first published in 1937 (and is now off copyright so we can use it here). Some of these definitions may be misleading, incomplete, or dated, but 95% of it is good information. Every professor who teaches Buddhism or Eastern Religion has a copy of this on their bookshelf. We incorporated these 16,850 entries into our dictionary database ourselves (it was lot of work).
Combined, these cover 1,007,753 Japanese, Chinese, and Buddhist characters, words, idioms, names, placenames, and short phrases.
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