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12>| Characters | Pronunciation Romanization |
Simple Dictionary Definition |
禪 禅 see styles |
shàn shan4 shan yuzuri ゆずり |
More info & calligraphy: Zen / Chan / Meditation(out-dated kanji) (1) (Buddhist term) dhyana (profound meditation); (2) (abbreviation) Zen (Buddhism); (surname) Yuzuri To level a place for an altar, to sacrifice to the hills and fountains; to abdicate. Adopted by Buddhists for dhyāna, 禪 or 禪那, i.e. meditation, abstraction, trance. dhyāna is 'meditation, thought, reflection, especially profound and abstract religious contemplation'. M.W. It was intp. as 'getting rid of evil', etc., later as 靜慮 quiet meditation. It is a form of 定, but that word is more closely allied with samādhi, cf. 禪定. The term also connotes Buddhism and Buddhist things in general, but has special application to the 禪宗 q.v. It is one of the six pāramitās, cf. 波. There are numerous methods and subjects of meditation. The eighteen brahmalokas are divided into four dhyāna regions 'corresponding to certain frames of mind where individuals might be reborn in strict accordance with their spiritual state'. The first three are the first dhyāna, the second three the second dhyāna, the third three the third dhyāna, and the remaining nine the fourth dhyāna. See Eitel. According to Childers' Pali Dictionary, 'The four jhānas are four stages of mystic meditation, whereby the believer's mind is purged from all earthly emotions, and detached as it were from his body, which remains plunged in a profound trance.' Seated cross-legged, the practiser 'concentrates his mind upon a single thought. Gradually his soul becomes filled with a supernatural ecstasy and serenity', his mind still reasoning: this is the first jhāna. Concentrating his mind on the same subject, he frees it from reasoning, the ecstasy and serenity remaining, which is the second jhāna. Then he divests himself of ecstasy, reaching the third stage of serenity. Lastly, in the fourth stage the mind becomes indifferent to all emotions, being exalted above them and purified. There are differences in the Mahāyāna methods, but similarity of aim. |
天上 see styles |
tiān shàng tian1 shang4 t`ien shang tien shang tenjou / tenjo てんじょう |
More info & calligraphy: Heavenly / Celestial(1) the heavens; the skies; (2) {Buddh} (See 天路・あまじ・2) heaven; deva realm; (n,vs,vi) (3) ascending to heaven; death; (given name) Tenjō The heavens above, i. e. the six devalokas 六欲天 of the region of desire and the rupalokas andarupalokas, i. e. 色 and 無色界. |
観音 see styles |
mine みね |
More info & calligraphy: Goddess of Compassion |
観世音 see styles |
kanzenon かんぜのん |
More info & calligraphy: Goddess of Compassion |
觀世音 观世音 see styles |
guān shì yīn guan1 shi4 yin1 kuan shih yin Kanzeon かんぜおん |
More info & calligraphy: Guan Shi Yin: Protector Of Life(out-dated kanji) Avalokiteshvara (Bodhisattva); Avalokitesvara; Kannon; Kwannon; Guanyin; Buddhist deity of compassion Regarder of the world's sounds, or cries, the so-called Goddess of Mercy; also known as 觀音; 觀世音善薩; 觀自在 (觀世自在); 觀尹; 光世音 (the last being the older form). Avalokiteśvara, v. 阿 8. Originally represented as a male, the images are now generally those of a female figure. The meaning of the term is in doubt; it is intp. as above, but the term 觀自在 (觀世自在) accords with the idea of Sovereign Regarder and is not associated with sounds or cries. Guanyin is one of the triad of Amida, is represented on his left, and is also represented as crowned with Amida; but there are as many as thirty-three different forms of Guanyin, sometimes with a bird, a vase, a willow wand, a pearl, a 'thousand' eyes and hands, etc., and, when as bestower of children, carrying a child. The island of Putuo (Potala) is the chief centre of Guanyin worship, where she is the protector of all in distress, especially of those who go to sea. There are many sūtras, etc., devoted to the cult, but its provenance and the date of its introduction to China are still in doubt. Chapter 25 of the Lotus Sūtra is devoted to Guanyin, and is the principal scripture of the cult; its date is uncertain. Guanyin is sometimes confounded with Amitābha and Maitreya. She is said to be the daughter of king Śubhavyūha 妙莊王, who had her killed by 'stifling because the sword of the executioner broke without hurting her. Her spirit went to hell; but hell changed into paradise. Yama sent her back to life to save his hell, when she was miraculously transported on a Lotus flower to the island of Poo-too'. Eitel. |
千手観音 see styles |
senjukannon せんじゅかんのん |
More info & calligraphy: Senju Kannon |
三光 see styles |
sān guāng san1 guang1 san kuang miteru みてる |
the sun, the moon, and the stars (1) (poetic term) the Sun, the Moon and the stars; (2) {hanaf} three 20-point cards (high-scoring meld); (personal name) Miteru (三光天) Sun, moon, and stars. Also, in the second dhyāna of the form-world there are the two deva regions 少光天, 無量光天, and 光音天q.v. Also 觀音 Avalokiteśvara is styled 日天子sun-prince, or divine son of the sun, 大勢至 Mahāsthāmaprapta is styled 月天子 divine son of the moon, and 虛空藏菩薩 the bodhisattva of the empyrean, is styled 明星天子 divine son of the bright stars. |
三寳 三宝 see styles |
sān bǎo san1 bao3 san pao sanbō |
Triratna, or Ratnatraya, i.e. the Three Precious Ones: 佛 Buddha, 法 Dharma, 儈 Saṅgha, i.e. Buddha, the Law, the Ecelesia or Order. Eitel suggests this trinity may be adapted from the Trimūrti, i.e, Brahma, Viṣṇu, and Sīva. The Triratna takes many forms, e.g. the Trikāya 三身 q.v. There is also the Nepalese idea of a triple existence of each Buddha as a Nirvāṇa-Buddha, Dhyāni-Buddha, and Mānuṣi-Buddha; also the Tantric trinity of Vairocana as Nirvāṇa-Buddha, Locana according to Eitel "existing in reflex in the world of forms", and the human Buddha, Śākyamuni. There are other elaborated details known as the four and the six kinds of triratna 四 and 六種三寳, e.g. that the Triratna exists in each member of the trinity. The term has also been applied to the 三仙 q.v. Popularly the 三寳 are referred to the three images in the main hall of monasteries. The centre one is Śākyamuni, on his left Bhaiṣajya 藥師 and on his right Amitābha. There are other explanations, e.g. in some temples Amitābha is in the centre, Avalokiteśvara on his left, and Mahāsthāmaprāpta or Mañjuśrī on his right. Table of Triratna, Trikāya, and Trailokya: — DHARMASAṄGHABUDDHAEssential BodhiReflected BodhiPractical BodhiDhyāni BuddhaDhyāni BodhisattvaMānuṣī BuddhaDharmakāyaSambhogakāyaNirmāṇakāyaPurityCompletenessTransformations4th Buddha-kṣetra3rd Buddha-kṣetra1st and 2nd Buddha kṣetraArūpadhātuRūpadhātuKāmadhātu. |
三尊 see styles |
sān zūn san1 zun1 san tsun sanzon; sanson さんぞん; さんそん |
(1) (さんぞん only) {Buddh} Buddha triad; image of a Buddha attended by two Bodhisattvas; (2) (さんぞん only) {Buddh} (See 三宝) The Three Jewels; Buddha, the teachings of Buddha, and the community of monks and nuns; (3) (さんぞん only) (See 三尊天井) head and shoulders (stock price, etc. chart pattern); (4) the three people one must esteem: master, father, teacher The three honoured ones: Buddha, the Law, the Ecclesia or Order. Others are: Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, and Mahāsthāmaprāpta, who, according to the Pure-land sect, come to welcome the dying invoker. Another group is Bhaiṣajya, Vairocana, and Candraprabha; and another, Śākyamunī, Mañjuśrī, and Samantabhadra. |
三界 see styles |
sān jiè san1 jie4 san chieh mikai みかい |
(1) {Buddh} (See 欲界,色界,無色界) the three realms of existence; (2) (abbreviation) {Buddh} (See 三千大千世界) the whole universe (of a billion worlds) that Buddha enlightened; (3) {Buddh} (See 三世・さんぜ・1) past, present and future existences; (suffix) (4) far-off ...; distant ...; (surname) Mikai Trailokya or Triloka; the three realms; also 三有. It is the Buddhist metaphysical equivalent for the Brahmanic cosmological bhuvanatraya, or triple world of bhūr, bhuvaḥ, and svar, earth, atmosphere, and heaven. The Buddhist three are 欲, 色, and 無色界, i.e. world of sensuous desire, form, and formless world of pure spirit. (a) 欲界 Kāmadhātu is the realm of sensuous desire, of 婬 and 食 sex and food; it includes the six heavens of desire, the human world, and the hells. (b) 色界 Rūpadhātu is the realm of form, meaning 質礙 that which is substantial and resistant: it is above the lust-world and contains (so to speak) bodies, palaces, things, all mystic and wonderful一a semi-material conception like that in Revelation; it is represented in the 四禪天, or Brahmalokas. (c) 無色界 Arūpadhātu, or ārūpyadhātu, is the formless realm of pure spirit, where there are no bodies, places, things, at any rate none to which human terms would apply, but where the mind dwells in mystic contemplation; its extent is indefinable, but it is, conceived of in four stages, i,e. 四空處 the four "empty" regions, or regions of space in the immaterial world, which are 四無色 the four "formless" realms, or realms beyond form; being above the realm of form, their bounds cannot be defined. v. 倶舍論世間品. |
三聖 三圣 see styles |
sān shèng san1 sheng4 san sheng misato みさと |
(1) three enlightened men (Buddha, Confucius and Christ; Lao-tzu, Confucius and Buddha; etc.); three sages; three virtuous men; (2) the three most accomplished people (of a particular craft or trade); (female given name) Misato The three sages, or holy ones, of whom there are several groups. The 華嚴Huayan have Vairocana in the center with Mañjuśrī on his left and Samantabhadra on his right. The 彌陀 Mituo or Pure-land sect, have Amitābha in the center, with Avalokiteśvara on his left and Mahāsthāmaprāpta on his right. The Tiantai use the term for the 藏, 別, and 圓教v. 三教. |
來迎 来迎 see styles |
lái yíng lai2 ying2 lai ying raikou / raiko らいこう |
(surname) Raikou The coming of Buddhas to meet the dying believer and bid welcome to the Pure Land; the three special welcomers are Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, and Mahāsthāmaprāpta. |
八天 see styles |
bā tiān ba1 tian1 pa t`ien pa tien hatten はってん |
(given name) Hatten The eight devalokas, i.e. four dhyāna devalokas of the region of form, and four arūpalokas; 四禪天 and 四空處. |
六天 see styles |
liù tiān liu4 tian1 liu t`ien liu tien rokuten ろくてん |
(place-name) Rokuten The six devalokas, i. e. the heavens with sense organs above Sumeru, between the brahmalokas and the earth, i. e. 四王天; 忉利天; 夜摩天; 兜率天; 樂變化天; and 他化自在天. The sixth is the heaven of Mara, v. 六欲天. |
化生 see styles |
huà shēng hua4 sheng1 hua sheng keshou / kesho けしょう |
(noun/participle) (1) {Buddh} (See 四生) spontaneous birth; (2) goblin; monster; (surname, given name) Keshou q. v. means direct 'birth' by metamorphosis. It also means the incarnate avaatara of a deity.; aupapādaka, or aupapāduka. Direct metamorphosis, or birth by transformation, one of the 四生, by which existence in any required form is attained in an instant in full maturity. By this birth bodhisattvas residing in Tuṣita appear on earth. Dhyāni Buddhas and Avalokiteśvara are likewise called 化生. It also means unconditional creation at the beginning of a kalpa. Bhuta 部多 is also used with similar meaning. There are various kinds of 化生, e. g. 佛菩薩化生 the transformation of a Buddha or bodhisattva, in any form at will, without gestation, or intermediary conditions: 極樂化生, birth in the happy land of Amitābha by transformation through the Lotus; 法身化生 the dharmakāya, or spiritual body, born or formed on a disciple's conversion. |
千手 see styles |
qiān shǒu qian1 shou3 ch`ien shou chien shou chihira ちひら |
(female given name) Chihira (千手千眼); 千手千眼大慈大悲觀音菩薩 The thousand-hand Guanyin, see below. There are various sutras associated with this title, e.g. 千手經 an abbreviation of 手千眼觀世音菩薩大廣大圓滿無礙大悲心陀羅尼經; also 千手軌 or 軌經 an abbreviation of 金剛頂瑜伽千手千眼觀自在菩薩修行儀軌經; it is also called 千手陀羅尼 and 千手千眼儀軌經; there are many others, e.g. 千手千眼觀世音菩藤姥陀羅尼身經 and 千手千眼廣大圓滿無礙大悲心陀羅尼經 both idem 千手千臂陀羅尼神咒 which is the Avalokiteśvara-padma-jāla-mūla-tantra‐nāma-dhāraṇī. |
四住 see styles |
sì zhù si4 zhu4 ssu chu shizumi しずみ |
(surname) Shizumi The four abodes or states in the 智度論 3, i. e. (1) 天住 the devalokas, equivalents of charity, morality, and goodness of heart; (2) 梵住 the brahmalokas, equivalents of benevolence, pity, joy, and indifference; (3) 聖住 the abode of śrāvakas, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas, equivalent of the samādhi of the immaterial realm, formless and still; (4) 佛住 the Buddha-abode, the equivalent of the samādhis of the infinite. v. 四住地. |
四禪 四禅 see styles |
sì chán si4 chan2 ssu ch`an ssu chan shizen |
(四禪天) The four dhyāna heavens, 四靜慮 (四靜慮天), i. e. the division of the eighteen brahmalokas into four dhyānas: the disciple attains to one of these heavens according to the dhyāna he observes: (1) 初禪天 The first region, 'as large as one whole universe' comprises the three heavens, Brahma-pāriṣadya, Brahma-purohita, and Mahābrahma, 梵輔, 梵衆, and 大梵天; the inhabitants are without gustatory or olfactory organs, not needing food, but possess the other four of the six organs. (2) 二禪天 The second region, equal to 'a small chiliocosmos' 小千界, comprises the three heavens, according to Eitel, 'Parīttābha, Apramāṇābha, and Ābhāsvara, ' i. e. 少光 minor light, 無量光 infinite light, and 極光淨 utmost light purity; the inhabitants have ceased to require the five physical organs, possessing only the organ of mind. (3) 三禪天 The third region, equal to 'a middling chiliocosmos '中千界, comprises three heavens; Eitel gives them as Parīttaśubha, Apramāṇaśubha, and Śubhakṛtsna, i. e. 少淨 minor purity, 無量淨 infinite purity, and 徧淨 universal purity; the inhabitants still have the organ of mind and are receptive of great joy. (4) 四禪天 The fourth region, equal to a great chiliocosmos, 大千界, comprises the remaining nine brahmalokas, namely, Puṇyaprasava, Anabhraka, Bṛhatphala, Asañjñisattva, Avṛha, Atapa, Sudṛśa, Sudarśana, and Akaniṣṭha (Eitel). The Chinese titles are 福生 felicitous birth, 無雲 cloudless, 廣果 large fruitage, 無煩 no vexations, atapa is 無熱 no heat, sudṛśa is 善見 beautiful to see, sudarśana is 善現 beautiful appearing, two others are 色究竟 the end of form, and 無想天 the heaven above thought, but it is difficult to trace avṛha and akaniṣṭha; the inhabitants of this fourth region still have mind. The number of the dhyāna heavens differs; the Sarvāstivādins say 16, the 經 or Sutra school 17, and the Sthavirāḥ school 18. Eitel points out that the first dhyāna has one world with one moon, one mem, four continents, and six devalokas; the second dhyāna has 1, 000 times the worlds of the first; the third has 1, 000 times the worlds of the second; the fourth dhyāna has 1, 000 times those of the third. Within a kalpa of destruction 壞劫 the first is destroyed fifty-six times by fire, the second seven by water, the third once by wind, the fourth 'corresponding to a state of absolute indifference' remains 'untouched' by all the other evolutions; when 'fate (天命) comes to an end then the fourth dhyāna may come to an end too, but not sooner'. |
大梵 see styles |
dà fàn da4 fan4 ta fan daibon |
Mahābrāhmaṇas; the third Brahmaloka, the third region of the first dhyāna. Mahābrahman; the great Brahma, 大梵天; it is also a title of one of the six Guanyin of the Tiantai sect. |
大通 see styles |
dà tōng da4 tong1 ta t`ung ta tung daitsuu / daitsu だいつう |
Datong, a district of Huainan City 淮南市[Huai2nan2 Shi4], Anhui; Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County in Xining 西寧|西宁[Xi1ning2], Qinghai (surname) Daitsuu 大通智勝 Mahābhijñā Jñānābhibhu. The great Buddha of supreme penetraton and wisdom. "A fabulous Buddha whose realm was Sambhava, his kalpa Mahārūpa. Having spent ten middling kalpas in ecstatic meditation he became a Buddha, and retired again in meditation for 84,000 kalpas, during which his sixteen sons continued (as Buddhas) his preaching. Incarnations of his sons are," Akṣobhya, Merukūṭa, Siṃhaghoṣa, Siṃhadhvaja, Ākāśapratiṣṭhita, Nityapaṛvrtta, Indradhvaja, Brahmadhvaja, Amitābha, Sarvalokadhātū- padravodvegapratyuttīrna, Tamāla-patra-candanagandha, Merukalpa, Meghasvara, Meghasvararāja, Sarvaloka-bhayastambhitatva- vidhvaṃsanakāra, and Śākyamuni; v. Eitel. He is said to have lived in a kalpa earlier than the present by kalpas as numerous as the atoms of a chiliocosm. Amitābha is his ninth son. Śākyamuni his sixteenth, and the present 大衆 or assembly of believers are said to be the reincarnation of those who were his disciples in that former aeon; v. Lotus Sutra, chapter 7. |
天堂 see styles |
tiān táng tian1 tang2 t`ien t`ang tien tang tendou / tendo てんどう |
paradise; heaven heaven; paradise; (surname) Tendou The mansions of the devas, located between the earth and the Brahmalokas; the heavenly halls; heaven. The Ganges is spoken of as 天堂來者 coming from the heavenly mansions. |
天女 see styles |
tiān nǚ tian1 nv3 t`ien nü tien nü tennyo てんにょ |
(1) heavenly nymph; celestial maiden; (2) beautiful and kind woman; (female given name) Tennyo devakanyā; apsaras; goddesses in general; attendants on the regents of the sun and moon; wives of Gandharvas, the division of the sexes is maintained throughout the devalokas 六 天. |
天宮 天宫 see styles |
tiān gōng tian1 gong1 t`ien kung tien kung amemiya あめみや |
Temple in Heaven (e.g. of the Jade Emperor); Tiangong, Chinese space station program Tiangong (Chinese space program); (surname) Amemiya devapura; devaloka; the palace of devas, the abode of the gods, i. e. the six celestial worlds situated above the Meru, between the earth and the Brahmalokas. v. 六天. |
天帝 see styles |
tiān dì tian1 di4 t`ien ti tien ti tentei / tente てんてい |
God of heaven; Celestial emperor (1) Shangdi (supreme deity in ancient Chinese religion); (2) {Christn} God; (3) {Buddh} (See 帝釈天・たいしゃくてん) Shakra (king of heaven in Hindu mythology); Indra King, or emperor of Heaven, i. e. 因陀羅 Indra, i. e. 釋 (釋迦); 釋迦婆; 帝 (帝釋); Śakra, king of the devaloka 忉利天, one of the ancient gods of India, the god of the sky who fights the demons with his vajra, or thunderbolt. He is inferior to the trimūrti, Brahma, Viṣṇu, and Śiva, having taken the place of Varuṇa, or sky. Buddhism adopted him as its defender, though, like all the gods, he is considered inferior to a Buddha or any who have attained bodhi. His wife is Indrāṇī. |
天獄 天狱 see styles |
tiān yù tian1 yu4 t`ien yü tien yü tengoku |
The heavens and hells; devalokas and purgatories. |
天王 see styles |
tiān wáng tian1 wang2 t`ien wang tien wang tennou / tenno てんのう |
emperor; god; Hong Xiuquan's self-proclaimed title; see also 洪秀全[Hong2 Xiu4 quan2] (1) {Buddh} heavenly king; (2) (See 牛頭天王) Gozu Tenno (deity said to be the Indian god Gavagriva); (place-name, surname) Tennou Maharāja-devas; 四天王 Caturmahārāja. The four deva kings in the first or lowest devaloka, on its four sides. E. 持國天王 Dhṛtarāṣṭra. S. 增長天王 Virūḍhaka. W. 廣目天王 Virūpākṣa. N. 多聞天王 Dhanada, or Vaiśravaṇa. The four are said to have appeared to 不空 Amogha in a temple in Xianfu, some time between 742-6, and in consequence he introduced their worship to China as guardians of the monasteries, where their images are seen in the hall at the entrance, which is sometimes called the 天王堂 hall of the deva-kings. 天王 is also a designation of Siva the 大白在, i. e. Maheśvara 摩醯首羅, the great sovereign ruler. |
天神 see styles |
tiān shén tian1 shen2 t`ien shen tien shen tenjin てんじん |
god; deity (1) (also pronounced てんしん) heavenly god; heavenly gods; (2) spirit of Sugawara no Michizane; (3) (See 天満宮) Tenmangu shrine (dedicated to Michizane's spirit); (4) (colloquialism) (See 梅干し) pit of a dried plum; dried plum; (5) (abbreviation) (See 天神髷) tenjin hairstyle; (6) prostitute of the second-highest class (Edo period); (7) (See 転軫) tuning peg (on a biwa or shamisen); (place-name, surname) Tenjin deva 提婆 or devatā 泥縛多. (1) Brahma and the gods in general, including the inhabitants of the devalokas, all subject to metem-psychosis. (2) The fifteenth patriarch, a native of South India, or Ceylon and disciple of Nāgārjuna; he is also styled Devabodhisattva 提婆菩薩, Āryadeva 聖天, and Nilanetra 靑目 blue-eyed, or 分別明 clear discriminator. He was the author of nine works and a famous antagonist of Brahmanism. |
女天 see styles |
nǚ tiān nv3 tian1 nü t`ien nü tien nyoten |
Female devas in the desire-realm. In and above the Brahmalokas 色界 they do not exist. |
子安 see styles |
shian しあん |
(1) (abbreviation) safe, easy childbirth; (2) (See 子安観音,子安地蔵) guardian bodhisattva, buddha or deity of children or childbirth (esp. Ksitigarbha or Avalokitesvara); (surname) Shian |
廅天 see styles |
hé tiān he2 tian1 ho t`ien ho tien ōten |
Parīttābha, the fourth brahmaloka, the first region of the second dhyāna. |
忍界 see styles |
rěn jiè ren3 jie4 jen chieh ninkai |
sahā, or sahāloka, or sahālokadhātu. The universe of persons subject to transmigration, the universe of endurance. |
念天 see styles |
niàn tiān nian4 tian1 nien t`ien nien tien nenten |
One of the six devalokas, that of recollection and desire. |
持地 see styles |
chí dì chi2 di4 ch`ih ti chih ti mochiji もちぢ |
(surname) Mochiji Dharaṇimdhara, holder, or ruler of the earth, or land; name of a Bodhisattva, who predicted the future of Avalokiteśvara. |
提婆 see styles |
tí pó ti2 po2 t`i p`o ti po daiba だいば |
(rare) {Buddh} deva (being with god-like characteristics); (person) Aryadeva; (person) Devadatta (cousin of Gautama Buddha) deva. Explained by 天 celestial; also by 梵天人 inhabitants of the brahmalokas, or by 天神 celestial spirits. General designation of the gods of Brahmanism, and of all the inhabitants of devalokas who are subject to metempsychosis. Also 提波; 提和; 提桓. Used also for Devadatta, infra. |
梵天 see styles |
fàn tiān fan4 tian1 fan t`ien fan tien bonten ぼんてん |
Nirvana (in Buddhist scripture); Lord Brahma (the Hindu Creator) (1) Brahma (Hindu creator god); (2) (See 御幣) large staff with plaited paper streamers (used at religious festivals or as a sign); (3) buoy (used in longline fishing, gillnetting, etc.); (4) down puff (on the end of an ear pick); (given name) Bonten Brahmadeva. Brahmā, the ruler of this world. India. brahmaloka, the eighteen heavens of the realm of form, divided into four dhyāna regions (sixteen heavens in Southern Buddhism). The first three contain the 梵衆天 assembly of brahmadevas, i.e. the brahmakāyika; the 梵輔天 brahmspurohitas, retinue of Brahmā; and 大梵天 Mahābrahman, Brahman himself. |
梵行 see styles |
fàn xíng fan4 xing2 fan hsing bongyou / bongyo ぼんぎょう |
{Buddh} ascetic practices (esp. celibacy) Pure living; noble action; the discipline of celibacy which ensures rebirth in the brahmaloka, or in the realms beyond form. |
檀特 see styles |
tán tè tan2 te4 t`an t`e tan te dandoku だんどく |
(surname) Dandoku 檀陀; 彈多落迦 Dantaloka, a mountain 'near Varucha', with a cavern (now called Kashmiri-Ghār) where Sudāna (cf. 須) lived, or as some say the place where Śākyamuni, when Siddhārtha, underwent his ascetic sufferings. |
無煩 无烦 see styles |
wú fán wu2 fan2 wu fan mubon |
Free from trouble, the thirteenth brahmaloka, the fifth region of the fourth dhyāna. |
空處 空处 see styles |
kōng chù kong1 chu4 k`ung ch`u kung chu sorajo そらじょ |
(surname) Sorajo 空無邊處 Ākāśānantyāyatana; the abode of infinite space, the formless, or immaterial world 無色界 the first of the arūpaloka heavens, one of the four brahmalokas. |
色界 see styles |
sè jiè se4 jie4 se chieh shikikai しきかい |
{Buddh} (See 三界・1) form realm rūpadhātu, or rūpāvacara, or rūpaloka, any material world, or world of form; it especially refers to the second of the Trailokya 三界, the brahmalokas above the devalokas, comprising sixteen or seventeen or eighteen 'Heavens of Form', divided into four dhyānas, in which life lasts from one-fourth of a mahākalpa to 16,000 mahākalpas, and the average stature is from one-half a yojana to 16,000 yojanas. The inhabitants are above the desire for sex or food. The rūpadhātu, with variants, are given as— 初禪天 The first dhyāna heavens: 梵衆天 Brahmapāriṣadya, 梵輔天 Brahmapurohita or Brahmakāyika, 大梵天 Mahābrahmā. 二禪天 The second dhyāna heavens: 少光天 Parīttābha, 無量光天 Apramāṇābha, 光音天 Ābhāsvara. 三禪天 The third dhyāna heavens: 少淨天 Parīttaśubha, 無量淨天 Apramāṇaśubha, 徧淨天 Śubhakṛtsna. 四禪天 The fourth dhyāna heavens: 無雲天 Anabhraka, 福生天 Puṇyaprasava, 廣果天 Bṛhatphala, 無想天 Asañjñisattva, 無煩天 Avṛha, 無熱天 Atapa, 善現天 Sudṛśa, 善見天 Sudarśana, 色究竟天 Akaniṣṭha, 和音天 ? Aghaniṣṭha, 大自在天 Mahāmaheśvara. |
補陀 补陀 see styles |
bǔ tuó bu3 tuo2 pu t`o pu to hoda ほだ |
(surname) Hoda 補陁; 補陀落 (補陀落迦) Potala; Potalaka. (1) A sea-port on the Indus, the παταλα of the ancients, identified by some with Thaṭtha, said to be the ancient home of Śākyamuni's ancestors. (2) A mountain south-east of Malakūṭa, reputed as the home of Avalokiteśvara. (3) The island of Pootoo, east of Ningpo, the Guanyin centre. (4) The Lhasa Potala in Tibet; the seat of the Dalai Lama, an incarnation of Avalokiteśvara; cf. 普; also written補怛落迦 (or 補但落迦); 逋多 (逋多羅); 布呾洛加. |
西国 see styles |
saigoku さいごく |
(1) western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki); (2) western nations (esp. India or Europe); (3) (See 西国三十三所) thirty-three temples in the Kinki area containing statues of Kannon (Avalokitesvara); (4) (See 西国巡礼) pilgrimage to the thirty-three temples sacred to Kannon; (place-name, surname) Saigoku |
觀音 观音 see styles |
guān yīn guan1 yin1 kuan yin kanon かんおん |
Guanyin, the Bodhisattva of Compassion or Goddess of Mercy (Sanskrit Avalokiteśvara) (out-dated kanji) Avalokiteshvara (Bodhisattva); Avalokitesvara; Kannon; Kwannon; Guanyin; Buddhist deity of compassion; (personal name) Kan'on Guanyin |
貳吒 贰咤 see styles |
èr zhà er4 zha4 erh cha nita |
Akaniṣṭha, not the smallest, i.e. the highest of the brahmalokas, v. 阿迦. |
閻魔 阎魔 see styles |
yán mó yan2 mo2 yen mo enma えんま |
(Buddhism) Yama, the King of Hell {Buddh} Yama (King of Hell who judges the dead); Enma; (dei) Yama (King of Hell who judges the dead); Enma 閻王 閻羅; (閻魔王); 閻摩羅; 閻老 Yama, also v. 夜; 閻羅王 Yama. (1) In the Vedas the god of the dead, with whom the spirits of the departed dwell. He was son of the Sun and had a twin sister Yamī or Yamuna. By some they were looked upon as the first human pair. (2) In later Brahmanic mythology, one of the eight Lokapālas, guardian of the South and ruler of the Yamadevaloka and judge of the dead. (3) In Buddhist mythology, the regent of the Nārakas, residing south of Jambudvīpa, outside of the Cakravālas, in a palace of copper and iron. Originally he is described as a king of Vaiśālī, who, when engaged in a bloody war, wished he were master of hell, and was accordingly reborn as Yama in hell together with his eighteen generals and his army of 80,000 men, who now serve him in purgatory. His sister Yamī deals with female culprits. Three times in every twenty-four hours demon pours into Yama's mouth boiling copper (by way of punishment), his subordinates receiving the same dose at the same time, until their sins are expiated, when he will be reborn as Samantarāja 普王. In China he rules the fifth court of purgatory. In some sources he is spoken of as ruling the eighteen judges of purgatory. |
須彌 须弥 see styles |
xū mí xu1 mi2 hsü mi Shumi |
Mt Meru or Sumeru, sacred mountain in Buddhist and Jain tradition; Mt Xumi in Guyuan 固原[Gu4 yuan2], Ningxia, with many Buddhist cave statues Sumeru, also 須彌樓; 彌樓; 蘇彌樓; 修迷樓; later 蘇迷盧; the central mountain of every world, tr. as 妙高; 妙光, etc., wonderful height, wonderful brilliancy, etc.; at the top is Indra's heaven, or heavens, below them are the four devalokas; around are eight circles of mountains and between them the eight seas, the whole forming nine mountains and eight seas. |
饒王 饶王 see styles |
ráo wáng rao2 wang2 jao wang |
(饒王佛) Lokeśvara, 'the lord or ruler of the world; N. of a Buddha' (M.W.); probably a development of the idea of Brahmā, Viṣṇu or Śiva as lokanātha, 'lord of worlds.' In Indo-China especially it refers to Avalokiteśvara, whose image or face, in masculine form, is frequently seen, e.g. at Angkor. Also 世饒王佛. It is to Lokeśvara that Amitābha announces his forty-eight vows. |
七観音 see styles |
shichikannon しちかんのん |
(1) (See 観世音) the seven forms of Avalokitesvara; (2) the seven Avalokitesvaras of Kyoto; (place-name) Shichikannon |
三尊佛 see styles |
sān zūn fó san1 zun1 fo2 san tsun fo sanzon butsu |
The three honoured Buddhas of the West: Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta. Though bodhisattvas, the two latter are called Buddhas when thus associated with Amitābha. |
五佛頂 五佛顶 see styles |
wǔ fó dǐng wu3 fo2 ding3 wu fo ting go butchō |
(五佛頂尊); 五頂輪王 Five bodhisattvas sometimes placed on the left of Śākyamuni, indicative of five forms of wisdom: (1) 白傘佛頂輪王 (白蓋佛頂輪王); 白 M027897佛頂, Sitāta-patra, with white parasol, symbol of pure mercy, one of the titles of Avalokiteśvara; (2) 勝佛頂 Jaya, with sword symbol of wisdom, or discretion; (3) 最勝佛頂 (一字最勝佛頂輪王); 金輪佛頂 (最勝金輪佛頂); 轉輪王佛頂 Vijaya, with golden wheel symbol of unexcelled power of preaching; (4) 火聚佛頂; 光聚佛頂 (or 放光佛頂 or 火光佛頂) ; 高佛頂 Tejorāṣi, collected brilliance, with insignia of authority 如意寶 or a fame; (5) 捨除佛頂; 除障佛頂; 摧碎佛頂; 除業佛頂; 除蓋障佛頂; 尊勝, etc. Vikīrṇa, scattering and destroying all distressing delusion, with a hook as symbol. |
他化天 see styles |
tā huà tiān ta1 hua4 tian1 t`a hua t`ien ta hua tien take ten |
(他化自在天) Paranirmita-vaśavartin, 婆羅尼蜜婆舍跋提天; 婆那和提; 波舍跋提 the sixth of the six heavens of desire, or passion heavens, the last of the six devalokas, the abode of Maheśvara (i. e. Śiva), and of Māra. |
兜率陀 see styles |
dōu shuài tuó dou1 shuai4 tuo2 tou shuai t`o tou shuai to Tosotsuda |
(兜率 or 兜率哆); 兜術; 珊都史多, 珊覩史多; 鬭瑟多 Tuṣita, from tuṣ, contented, satisfied, gratified; name of the Tuṣita heaven, the fourth devaloka in the 欲界 passion realm, or desire realm between the Yama and Nirmāṇarati heavens. Its inner department is the Pure Land of Maitreya who, like Śākyamuni and all Buddhas, is reborn there before descending to earth as the next Buddha; his life there is 4,000 Tuṣita years (each day there being equal to 4000 earth-years) 584 million such years. |
八方天 see styles |
bā fāng tiān ba1 fang1 tian1 pa fang t`ien pa fang tien happō ten |
The eight heavens and devas at the eight points of the compass: E., the Indra, or Śakra heaven; S., the Yama heaven; W., the Varuna, or water heaven; N., the Vaiśramana, or Pluto heaven; N.E., the Īśāna, or Śiva heaven; S.E., the Homa, or fire heaven; S.W., the Nirṛti, or Rakṣa heaven; N.W., the Vāyu, or wind heaven. All these may be considered as devalokas or heavens. |
六欲天 see styles |
liù yù tiān liu4 yu4 tian1 liu yü t`ien liu yü tien rokuyokuten ろくよくてん |
{Buddh} (See 欲界) the six domains of the desire realm; the six heavens of the desire realm The devalokas, i. e. the heavens of desire, i. e. with sense-organs; the first is described as half-way up Mt. Sumeru, the second at its summit, and the rest between it and the Brahmalokas; for list v. 六天. Descriptions are given in the 智度論 9 and the 倶舍論 8. They are also spoken of as 六欲天婬相, i. e. as still in the region of sexual desire. |
六観音 see styles |
rokkannon ろっかんのん |
(See 六道) the Six Forms of Avalokitesvara (one for each of the six realms); (place-name) Rokkannon |
十三身 see styles |
shí sān shēn shi2 san1 shen1 shih san shen |
The thirty-three forms in which Avalokiteśvara (Guanyin) is said to have presented himself, from that of a Buddha to that of a woman or a rakṣas. Cf. Lotus Sūtra 普門 chapter. |
十八天 see styles |
shí bā tiān shi2 ba1 tian1 shih pa t`ien shih pa tien jūhachi ten |
Brahmaloka, the eighteen heavens of form, rūpadhātu, three of the first dhyāna, 梵衆天; 梵輔天; 大梵天; three of the second, 少光天; 無量光天; 光音; three of the third, 少淨天; 無量淨天; 徧淨天; and nine of the fourth, 無雲天; 福生天; 廣果天; 無想天; 無煩天; 無熱天; 善見天; 善現,天; 色究竟天 ."Southern Buddhism knows only sixteen. Those two which Northern Buddhists added are Punya-prasava 福生 and Anabhraka 無雲." Eitel. |
善現天 善现天 see styles |
shàn xiàn tiān shan4 xian4 tian1 shan hsien t`ien shan hsien tien Zengen Ten |
(or 善現色) Suḍṛśa, the seventh brahmaloka; the eighth region of the fourth dhyāna. |
四空處 四空处 see styles |
sì kōng chù si4 kong1 chu4 ssu k`ung ch`u ssu kung chu shi kūsho |
(or四空天) catur-ārūpya brahmalokas; also 四無色界 and see 四空定. The four immaterial or formless heavens, arūpa-dhātu, above the eighteen brahmalokas: (1) 空無邊處 ākāśānantyāyatana, also termed 虛空 處 the state or heaven of boundless space; (2) 識無邊處 vijñānanāntyāyatana, of boundless knowledge; (3) 無所有處 ākiñcanyāyatana, of nothing, or nonexistence; (4) 非想非非想處 naivasanjñānasañjnāyatana, also styled 非有想非無想 the state of neither thinking nor not thinking (which may resemble a state of intuition). Existence in the first state lasts 20, 000 great kalpas, increasing respectively to 40, 000, 60, 000 and 80, 000 in the other three. |
四菩薩 四菩萨 see styles |
sì pú sà si4 pu2 sa4 ssu p`u sa ssu pu sa shi bosatsu |
The four bodhisattvas— Avalokiteśvara, Maitreya, Samantabhadra, and Mañjuśrī. Also, the four chief bodhisattvas in the Garbhadhātu. There are also the 本化四菩薩 of the Lotus Sutra, named 上行, 無邊行, 淨行, and 安立行. |
夜摩天 see styles |
yè mó tiān ye4 mo2 tian1 yeh mo t`ien yeh mo tien yamaten やまてん |
{Buddh} (See 六欲天) heaven without fighting; one of the six heavens of the desire realm Yamadeva; the third devaloka, which is also called 須夜摩 or 蘇夜摩, intp. as 時分 or 善時分 the place where the times, or seasons, are always good. |
天意樹 天意树 see styles |
tiān yì shù tian1 yi4 shu4 t`ien i shu tien i shu teni ju |
The tree in each devaloka which produces whatever the devas desire. |
少光天 see styles |
shǎo guāng tiān shao3 guang1 tian1 shao kuang t`ien shao kuang tien shōkō ten |
(少光); 廅天 parīttābhās; the fourth Brahmaloka, i. e. the first region of the second dhyāna heavens, also called 有光壽. |
少淨天 少净天 see styles |
shǎo jìng tiān shao3 jing4 tian1 shao ching t`ien shao ching tien shōjō ten |
(少淨) Parīttaśubhas. The first and smallest heaven (brahmaloka) in the third dhyāna region of form. |
尼摩羅 尼摩罗 see styles |
ní mó luó ni2 mo2 luo2 ni mo lo nimara |
nirmāṇarati, 須密陀天 devas who 'delight in transformations', i. e. 化樂天 or 樂變化天; of the six devalokas of desire they occupy the fifth, where life lasts for 8, 000 years. |
廣果天 广果天 see styles |
guǎng guǒ tiān guang3 guo3 tian1 kuang kuo t`ien kuang kuo tien kōka ten |
Bṛhatphala, the twelfth brahmaloka, the third of the eight heavens of the fourth dhyāna realm of form. |
愛身天 爱身天 see styles |
ài shēn tiān ai4 shen1 tian1 ai shen t`ien ai shen tien aishin ten |
The heaven of lovely form in the desire-realm, but said to be above the devalokas; cf. sudṛśa 善現. |
戲忘天 戏忘天 see styles |
xì wàng tiān xi4 wang4 tian1 hsi wang t`ien hsi wang tien kemō ten |
(戲忘念天) One of the six devalokas of the desire-heavens, where amusement and laughter cause forgetfulness of the true and right. |
普門品 普门品 see styles |
pǔ mén pǐn pu3 men2 pin3 p`u men p`in pu men pin fumonbon ふもんぼん |
(abbreviation) (abbr. of 観世音菩薩普門品) Avalokitesvara Sutra; Kannon Sutra Chapter of the Universal Gate |
普陀山 see styles |
pǔ tuó shān pu3 tuo2 shan1 p`u t`o shan pu to shan Hodasan |
Mt Potala at Zhoushan 舟山市 in Zhejiang, one of the Four Sacred Mountains and Bodhimanda of Guanyin 觀音|观音 (Avalokiteśvara) Putuo Shan |
梵世界 see styles |
fàn shì jiè fan4 shi4 jie4 fan shih chieh bon sekai |
The brahmaloka of the realm of form; also 梵世天. |
梵富樓 梵富楼 see styles |
fàn fù lóu fan4 fu4 lou2 fan fu lou bonfuro |
brahmapurohita, the ministers, or assistants of Brahmā; the second brahmaloka; the second region of the first dhyāna heaven of form. Also梵輔. |
梵衆天 梵众天 see styles |
fàn zhòng tiān fan4 zhong4 tian1 fan chung t`ien fan chung tien bonshu ten |
brahmapāriṣadya (or brahmapārṣadya), belonging to the retinue of Brahmā; the first brahmaloka; the first region of the first dhyāna heaven of form. |
正観音 see styles |
shoukannon / shokannon しょうかんのん |
(Buddhist term) Aryavalokitesvara (manifestation of Avalokitesvara) |
無想天 无想天 see styles |
wú xiǎng tiān wu2 xiang3 tian1 wu hsiang t`ien wu hsiang tien musō ten |
無想界; 無想處 avṛha, the thirteenth brahmaloka, the fourth in the fourth dhyāna, where thinking, or the necessity for thought, ceases. |
無盡意 无尽意 see styles |
wú jìn yì wu2 jin4 yi4 wu chin i Mujin i |
Inexhaustible intention, or meaning, name of Akṣayamati, a bodhisattva to whom Śākyamuni is supposed to have addressed the Avalokiteśvara chapter in the Lotus Sūtra. |
無色界 无色界 see styles |
wú sè jiè wu2 se4 jie4 wu se chieh mushikikai むしきかい |
{Buddh} (See 三界・1) Mushikikai; formless realm; world free of greed or matter Arūpaloka, or Arūpadhātu, the heavens without form, immaterial, consisting only of mind in contemplation, being four in number, which are defined as the 四空天 Catūrūpabrahmaloka, and given as: 空無邊處 Ākāśānantyāyatana, 識無邊處 Vijñānānantyāyatana, 無所有處 Akiñcanyāyatana, 非想非非想處 Naivasaṃjñānāsaṃjñāyatana. |
焰摩天 see styles |
yàn mó tiān yan4 mo2 tian1 yen mo t`ien yen mo tien Enma Ten |
Yamadevaloka, the third of the desire-heavens, above the trāyastriṃśas; also deva Yama, v. 夜, whose wife is 焰摩天妃 in the Yama-maṇḍala. |
琰魔界 see styles |
yǎn mó jiè yan3 mo2 jie4 yen mo chieh Enma kai |
Yamaloka, the hells under the earth. |
知足天 see styles |
zhī zú tiān zhi1 zu2 tian1 chih tsu t`ien chih tsu tien Chisoku Ten |
(知足) Tuṣita, the fourth devaloka, Maitreya's heaven of full knowledge, where all bodhisattvas are reborn before rebirth as buddhas; the inner court is知足院. |
福生天 see styles |
fú shēng tiān fu2 sheng1 tian1 fu sheng t`ien fu sheng tien fukushō ten |
Puṇyaprasavās, the tenth brahmaloka, the first region of the fourth dhyāna. |
禪梵天 禅梵天 see styles |
chán fàn tiān chan2 fan4 tian1 ch`an fan t`ien chan fan tien zen bonten |
The three brahmaloka heavens of the first dhyāna; cf. 禪. |
空居天 see styles |
kōng jū tiān kong1 ju1 tian1 k`ung chü t`ien kung chü tien kūko ten |
devas dwelling in space, or the heavenly regions, i.e. the devalokas and rūpalokas. |
聖観音 see styles |
shoukannon / shokannon しょうかんのん |
(Buddhist term) Aryavalokitesvara (manifestation of Avalokitesvara) |
胎藏界 see styles |
tāi zàng jiè tai1 zang4 jie4 t`ai tsang chieh tai tsang chieh taizō kai |
Garbhadhātu, or Garbhakośa-(dhātu), the womb treasury, the universal source from which all things are produced; the matrix; the embryo; likened to a womb in which all of a child is conceived— its body, mind, etc. It is container and content; it covers and nourishes; and is the source of all supply. It represents the 理性 fundamental nature, both material elements and pure bodhi, or wisdom in essence or purity; 理 being the garbhadhātu as fundamental wisdom, and 智 acquired wisdom or knowledge, the vajradhātu. It also represents the human heart in its innocence or pristine purity, which is considered as the source of all Buddha-pity and moral knowledge. And it indicates that from the central being in the maṇḍala, viz. the Sun as symbol of Vairocana, there issue all the other manifestations of wisdom and power, Buddhas, bodhisattvas, demons, etc. It is 本覺 original intellect, or the static intellectuality, in contrast with 始覺 intellection, the initial or dynamic intellectuality represented in the vajradhātu; hence it is the 因 cause and vajradhātu the 果 effect; though as both are a unity, the reverse may be the rule, the effect being also the cause; it is also likened to 利他 enriching others, as vajradhātu is to 自利 enriching self. Kōbō Daishi, founder of the Yoga or Shingon 眞言 School in Japan, adopted the representation of the ideas in maṇḍalas, or diagrams, as the best way of revealing the mystic doctrine to the ignorant. The garbhadhātu is the womb or treasury of all things, the universe; the 理 fundamental principle, the source; its symbols are a triangle on its base, and an open lotus as representing the sun and Vairocana. In Japan this maṇḍala is placed on the east, typifying the rising sun as source, or 理. The vajradhātu is placed west and represents 智 wisdom or knowledge as derived from 理 the underlying principle, but the two are essential one to the other, neither existing apart. The material and spiritual; wisdom-source and intelligence; essence and substance; and similar complementary ideas are thus portrayed; the garbhadhātu may be generally considered as the static and the vajradhātu as the dynamic categories, which are nevertheless a unity. The garbhadhātu is divided into 三部 three sections representing samādhi or quiescence, wisdom-store, and pity-store, or thought, knowledge, pity; one is called the Buddha-section, the others the Vajra and Lotus sections respectively; the three also typify vimokṣa, prajñā, and dharmakāya, or freedom, understanding, and spirituality. There are three heads of these sections, i. e. Vairocana, Vajrapāṇi, and Avalokiteśvara; each has a mother or source, e. g. Vairocana from Buddha's-eye; and each has a 明王 or emanation of protection against evil; also a śakti or female energy; a germ-letter, etc. The diagram of five Buddhas contains also four bodhisattvas, making nine in all, and there are altogether thirteen 大院 or great courts of various types of ideas, of varying numbers, generally spoken of as 414. Cf. 金剛界; 大日; 兩部. |
観自在 see styles |
kanjizai かんじざい |
(Buddhist term) Avalokiteshvara (Bodhisattva); Avalokitesvara; Kannon; Kwannon; Guanyin; Buddhist deity of compassion |
観音様 see styles |
kannonsama かんのんさま |
(1) Avalokiteshvara (Bodhisattva); Avalokitesvara; Kannon; Kwannon; Guanyin; Buddhist deity of compassion; (2) (slang) clitoris |
観音経 see styles |
kannongyou / kannongyo かんのんぎょう |
Avalokitesvara Sutra; Kannon Sutra |
觀自在 观自在 see styles |
guān zì zài guan1 zi4 zai4 kuan tzu tsai Kanjizai かんじざい |
(out-dated kanji) (Buddhist term) Avalokiteshvara (Bodhisattva); Avalokitesvara; Kannon; Kwannon; Guanyin; Buddhist deity of compassion Avalokitêśvara Bodhisattva |
觀音様 see styles |
kannonsama かんのんさま |
(out-dated kanji) (1) Avalokiteshvara (Bodhisattva); Avalokitesvara; Kannon; Kwannon; Guanyin; Buddhist deity of compassion; (2) (slang) clitoris |
識處天 识处天 see styles |
shì chù tiān shi4 chu4 tian1 shih ch`u t`ien shih chu tien shikisho ten |
The heaven of (limitless) knowledge, the second of the caturārūpyabrahmalokas, or four formless heavens, also see below. |
長壽天 长寿天 see styles |
cháng shòu tiān chang2 shou4 tian1 ch`ang shou t`ien chang shou tien chōju ten |
devas of long life, in the fourth dhyāna heaven where life is 500 great kalpas, and in the fourth arūpaloka where life extends over 80, 000 kalpas. |
阿彌陀 阿弥陀 see styles |
ā mí tuó a1 mi2 tuo2 a mi t`o a mi to Amida あみだ |
(out-dated kanji) (1) (Buddhist term) Amitabha (Buddha); Amida; (2) (kana only) (abbreviation) ghostleg lottery; ladder lottery; lottery in which participants trace a line across a lattice pattern to determine the winner; (3) (kana only) (abbreviation) wearing a hat pushed back on one's head (阿彌) amita, boundless, infinite; tr. by 無量 immeasurable. The Buddha of infinite qualities, known as 阿彌陀婆 (or 阿彌陀佛) Amitābha, tr. 無量光 boundless light; 阿彌陀廋斯Amitāyus, tr. 無量壽 boundless age, or life; and among the esoteric sects Amṛta 甘露 (甘露王) sweet-dew (king). An imaginary being unknown to ancient Buddhism, possibly of Persian or Iranian origin, who has eclipsed the historical Buddha in becoming the most popular divinity in the Mahāyāna pantheon. His name indicates an idealization rather than an historic personality, the idea of eternal light and life. The origin and date of the concept are unknown, but he has always been associated with the west, where in his Paradise, Suikhāvatī, the Western Pure Land, he receives to unbounded happiness all who call upon his name (cf. the Pure Lands 淨土 of Maitreya and Akṣobhya). This is consequent on his forty-eight vows, especially the eighteenth, in which he vows to refuse Buddhahood until he has saved all living beings to his Paradise, except those who had committed the five unpardonable sins, or were guilty of blasphemy against the Faith. While his Paradise is theoretically only a stage on the way to rebirth in the final joys of nirvana, it is popularly considered as the final resting-place of those who cry na-mo a-mi-to-fo, or blessed be, or adoration to, Amita Buddha. The 淨土 Pure-land (Jap. Jōdo) sect is especially devoted to this cult, which arises chiefly out of the Sukhāvatīvyūha, but Amita is referred to in many other texts and recognized, with differing interpretations and emphasis, by the other sects. Eitel attributes the first preaching of the dogma to 'a priest from Tokhara' in A. D.147, and says that Faxian and Xuanzang make no mention of the cult. But the Chinese pilgrim 慧日Huiri says he found it prevalent in India 702-719. The first translation of the Amitāyus Sutra, circa A.D. 223-253, had disappeared when the Kaiyuan catalogue was compiled A.D. 730. The eighteenth vow occurs in the tr. by Dharmarakṣa A.D. 308. With Amita is closely associated Avalokiteśvara, who is also considered as his incarnation, and appears crowned with, or bearing the image of Amita. In the trinity of Amita, Avalokiteśvara appears on his left and Mahāsthāmaprāpta on his right. Another group, of five, includes Kṣitigarbha and Nāgārjuna, the latter counted as the second patriarch of the Pure Land sect. One who calls on the name of Amitābha is styled 阿彌陀聖 a saint of Amitābha. Amitābha is one of the Five 'dhyāni buddhas' 五佛, q.v. He has many titles, amongst which are the following twelve relating to him as Buddha of light, also his title of eternal life: 無量光佛Buddha of boundless light; 無邊光佛 Buddha of unlimited light; 無礙光佛 Buddha of irresistible light; 無對光佛 Buddha of incomparable light; 燄王光佛 Buddha of yama or flame-king light; 淸淨光佛 Buddha of pure light; 歡喜光佛 Buddha of joyous light; 智慧光佛 Buddha of wisdom light; 不斷光佛 Buddha of unending light; 難思光佛 Buddha of inconceivable light; 無稱光佛Buddha of indescribable light; 超日月光佛 Buddha of light surpassing that of sun and moon; 無量壽 Buddha of boundless age. As buddha he has, of course, all the attributes of a buddha, including the trikāya, or 法報化身, about which in re Amita there are differences of opinion in the various schools. His esoteric germ-letter is hrīḥ, and he has specific manual-signs. Cf. 阿彌陀經, of which with commentaries there are numerous editions. |
阿波會 阿波会 see styles |
ā bō huì a1 bo1 hui4 a po hui awae |
阿婆譮; 阿波羅 ābhāsvara(-vimāna), the sixth of the brahmalokas 光音天 of light and sound (ābhāsvara) and its devas, but it is better intp. as ābhās, shining and vara, ground, or splendid, the splendid devas or heaven; shown in the garbhadhātu. Like other devas they are subject to rebirth. Also 阿會亙修 (or 阿會亙差); 阿波嘬羅 (阿波嘬羅？); 阿衞貨羅. |
須達天 须达天 see styles |
xū dá tiān xu1 da2 tian1 hsü ta t`ien hsü ta tien |
Sudṛśās, the 善現天; seventh brahmaloka, eighth of the dhyāna heavens. |
一光三尊 see styles |
yī guāng sān zūn yi1 guang1 san1 zun1 i kuang san tsun ikkō sanzon |
Three honoured ones in one light or halo—Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, and Mahāsthāmaprāpta; or Śākyamuni, Bhaiṣajya the 藥王 and 藥上 his younger brother. |
三十三所 see styles |
sanjuusansho / sanjusansho さんじゅうさんしょ |
(See 西国三十三所) thirty-three temples sacred to Kannon (Avalokitesvara) |
三尊來迎 三尊来迎 see styles |
sān zūn lái yíng san1 zun1 lai2 ying2 san tsun lai ying sanson raigō |
Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta, receive into the western paradise the believer who calls on Amitābha. |
久成正覺 久成正觉 see styles |
jiǔ chéng zhèng jué jiu3 cheng2 zheng4 jue2 chiu ch`eng cheng chüeh chiu cheng cheng chüeh kujō shōgaku |
Perfect enlightenment long acquired; Śākya-Tathāgata in ancient kalpas having achieved complete bodhi, transmitted it to Mañjuśrī Avalokiteśvara, and others, i.e., their enlightenment is the fruit of his enlightenment. 法華經:壽量品. |
二十八天 see styles |
èr shí bā tiān er4 shi2 ba1 tian1 erh shih pa t`ien erh shih pa tien nijūhatten |
The twenty-eight heavens, or devalokas: six of the desire-world 欲界, eighteen of the form-world 色界, and four arūpa or formless heavens 無色界. The heavens of the world of form are sixteen according to the 薩婆多部 Sarvāstivāda School, seventeen according to 經部 Sūtra School, and eighteen according to the 上座 Sthavirāḥ. |
Entries with 2nd row of characters: The 2nd row is Simplified Chinese.
This page contains 100 results for "Alok" in Chinese and/or Japanese.Information about this dictionary:
Apparently, we were the first ones who were crazy enough to think that western people might want a combined Chinese, Japanese, and Buddhist dictionary.
A lot of westerners can't tell the difference between Chinese and Japanese - and there is a reason for that. Chinese characters and even whole words were borrowed by Japan from the Chinese language in the 5th century. Much of the time, if a word or character is used in both languages, it will have the same or a similar meaning. However, this is not always true. Language evolves, and meanings independently change in each language.
Example: The Chinese character 湯 for soup (hot water) has come to mean bath (hot water) in Japanese. They have the same root meaning of "hot water", but a 湯屋 sign on a bathhouse in Japan would lead a Chinese person to think it was a "soup house" or a place to get a bowl of soup. See this: Japanese Bath House
This dictionary uses the EDICT and CC-CEDICT dictionary files.
EDICT data is the property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, and is used in conformance with the Group's
license.
Chinese Buddhist terms come from Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms by William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous. This is commonly referred to as "Soothill's'". It was first published in 1937 (and is now off copyright so we can use it here). Some of these definitions may be misleading, incomplete, or dated, but 95% of it is good information. Every professor who teaches Buddhism or Eastern Religion has a copy of this on their bookshelf. We incorporated these 16,850 entries into our dictionary database ourselves (it was lot of work).
Combined, these cover 1,007,753 Japanese, Chinese, and Buddhist characters, words, idioms, names, placenames, and short phrases.
Just because a word appears here does not mean it is appropriate for a tattoo, your business name, etc. Please consult a professional before doing anything stupid with this data.
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No warranty as to the correctness, potential vulgarity, or clarity is expressed or implied. We did not write any of these definitions (though we occasionally act as a contributor/editor to the CC-CEDICT project). You are using this dictionary for free, and you get what you pay for.
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