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12>| Characters | Pronunciation Romanization |
Simple Dictionary Definition |
無 无 see styles |
wú wu2 wu non のん |
More info & calligraphy: Nothing / Nothingness(1) nothing; naught; nought; nil; zero; (prefix) (2) un-; non-; (prefix) (1) un-; non-; (2) bad ...; poor ...; (female given name) Non Sanskrit a, or before a vowel an, similar to English un-, in- in a negative sense; not no, none, non-existent, v. 不, 非, 否; opposite of 有. |
知 see styles |
zhī zhi1 chih tomoko ともこ |
More info & calligraphy: Realization and Knowledge(1) wisdom; (2) (Buddhist term) jnana (higher knowledge); (female given name) Tomoko To know. Sanskrit root vid, hence vidyā, knowledge; the Vedas, etc. 知 vijñā is to know, 智 is vijñāna, wisdom arising from perception or knowing. |
印度 see styles |
yìn dù yin4 du4 yin tu indo いんど |
More info & calligraphy: India(ateji / phonetic) (kana only) India; (place-name) India 印特伽; 身毒; 賢豆; 天竺 Indu (meaning 'moon' in Sanskrit), Hindu, Sindhu; see also 信度 and 閻浮 India in general. In the Tang dynasty its territory is described as extending over 90, 000 li in circuit, being bounded on three sides by the sea; north it rested on the Snow mountains 雪山, i. e. Himālayas; wide at the north, narrowing to the south, shaped like a half-moon; it contained over seventy kingdoms, was extremely hot, well watered and damp; from the centre eastwards to 震旦 China was 58, 000 li; and the same distance southwards to 金地國, westwards to 阿拘遮國, and northwards to 小香山阿耨達. |
如來 如来 see styles |
rú lái ru2 lai2 ju lai nyorai にょらい |
More info & calligraphy: Tathagata(out-dated kanji) Tathagata; perfected one (suffix of high-ranking Buddhist deities) tathāgata, 多陀阿伽陀 q. v.; 怛他揭多 defined as he who comes as do all other Buddhas; or as he who took the 眞如 zhenru or absolute way of cause and effect, and attained to perfect wisdom; or as the absolute come; one of the highest titles of a Buddha. It is the Buddha in his nirmāṇakāya, i. e. his 'transformation' or corporeal manifestation descended on earth. The two kinds of Tathāgata are (1) 在纏 the Tathāgata in bonds, i. e. limited and subject to the delusions and sufferings of life, and (2) 出纏 unlimited and free from them. There are numerous sutras and śāstras bearing this title of 如來 rulai. |
巴利 see styles |
bā lì ba1 li4 pa li hari |
More info & calligraphy: BarryPali, considered by ' Southern ' Buddhists to be the language of Magadha, i. e. Māgadhī Prākrit, spoken by Śākyamuni: their Tripiṭaka is written in it. It is closely allied to Sanskrit, but phonetically decayed and grammatically degenerate. |
歐泊 欧泊 see styles |
ōu bó ou1 bo2 ou po |
More info & calligraphy: Opal |
淨土 净土 see styles |
jìng tǔ jing4 tu3 ching t`u ching tu jōdo |
More info & calligraphy: Pure Land / JodoSukhāvatī. The Pure Land, or Paradise of the West, presided over by Amitābha. Other Buddhas have their Pure Lands; seventeen other kinds of pure land are also described, all of them of moral or spiritual conditions of development, e.g. the pure land of patience, zeal, wisdom, etc. |
無常 无常 see styles |
wú cháng wu2 chang2 wu ch`ang wu chang mujou / mujo むじょう |
More info & calligraphy: Impermanence(n,adj-na,adj-no) {Buddh} (ant: 常住・2) uncertainty; transiency; impermanence; mutability anitya. Impermanent; the first of the 三明 trividyā; that all things are impermanent, their birth, existence, change, and death never resting for a moment. |
般若 see styles |
bō rě bo1 re3 po je hannya はんにゃ |
More info & calligraphy: Great Wisdom(1) {Buddh} prajna (wisdom required to attain enlightenment); (2) {noh} (See 般若面・1) hannya; mask of a grinning, horned demoness (represents a woman's rage and jealousy); (3) (abbreviation) (See 般若面・2) dreadful face (esp. of a woman driven mad by jealousy); terrifying facial expression; (surname) Hanniya (般賴若) Prajñā is also the name of a monk from Kabul, A.D. 810, styled 三藏法師; tr. four works and author of an alphabet.; prajñā, 'to know, understand'; 'Wisdom. ' M. W. Intp. 慧 wisdom; 智慧 understanding, or wisdom; 明 clear, intelligent, the sixth pāramitā. The Prajñā-pāramitā Sutra describes it as supreme, highest, incomparable, unequalled, unsurpassed. It is spoken of as the principal means, by its enlightenment, of attaining to nirvana, through its revelation of the unreality of all things. Other forms 般羅若; 般諄若; 鉢若; 鉢剌若; 鉢羅枳孃; 鉢腎禳; 波若, 波賴若; 波羅孃; 班若. |
菩提 see styles |
pú tí pu2 ti2 p`u t`i pu ti bodai ぼだい |
More info & calligraphy: Bodhi - Awakening Enlightenment(1) {Buddh} bodhi; enlightenment; (2) {Buddh} happiness in the next world; (place-name, surname) Bodai bodhi; from budh; knowledge, understanding; perfect wisdom; the illuminated or enlightened mind; anciently intp. by 道, later by 覺 to be aware, perceive; for saṃbodhi v. 三. |
觀音 观音 see styles |
guān yīn guan1 yin1 kuan yin kanon かんおん |
More info & calligraphy: Kwanyin(out-dated kanji) Avalokiteshvara (Bodhisattva); Avalokitesvara; Kannon; Kwannon; Guanyin; Buddhist deity of compassion; (personal name) Kan'on Guanyin |
金剛 金刚 see styles |
jīn gāng jin1 gang1 chin kang kongou / kongo こんごう |
More info & calligraphy: Diamond(1) vajra (indestructible substance); diamond; adamantine; (2) thunderbolt; Indra's weapon; Buddhist symbol of the indestructible truth; (p,s,g) Kongou vajra, 伐闍羅; 跋折羅 (or跋闍羅); 縛曰羅(or 縛日羅) The thunderbolt of Indra, often called the diamond club; but recent research considers it a sun symbol. The diamond, synonym of hardness, indestructibility, power, the least frangible of minerals. It is one of the saptaratna 七寶. |
觀世音 观世音 see styles |
guān shì yīn guan1 shi4 yin1 kuan shih yin Kanzeon かんぜおん |
More info & calligraphy: Guan Shi Yin: Protector Of Life(out-dated kanji) Avalokiteshvara (Bodhisattva); Avalokitesvara; Kannon; Kwannon; Guanyin; Buddhist deity of compassion Regarder of the world's sounds, or cries, the so-called Goddess of Mercy; also known as 觀音; 觀世音善薩; 觀自在 (觀世自在); 觀尹; 光世音 (the last being the older form). Avalokiteśvara, v. 阿 8. Originally represented as a male, the images are now generally those of a female figure. The meaning of the term is in doubt; it is intp. as above, but the term 觀自在 (觀世自在) accords with the idea of Sovereign Regarder and is not associated with sounds or cries. Guanyin is one of the triad of Amida, is represented on his left, and is also represented as crowned with Amida; but there are as many as thirty-three different forms of Guanyin, sometimes with a bird, a vase, a willow wand, a pearl, a 'thousand' eyes and hands, etc., and, when as bestower of children, carrying a child. The island of Putuo (Potala) is the chief centre of Guanyin worship, where she is the protector of all in distress, especially of those who go to sea. There are many sūtras, etc., devoted to the cult, but its provenance and the date of its introduction to China are still in doubt. Chapter 25 of the Lotus Sūtra is devoted to Guanyin, and is the principal scripture of the cult; its date is uncertain. Guanyin is sometimes confounded with Amitābha and Maitreya. She is said to be the daughter of king Śubhavyūha 妙莊王, who had her killed by 'stifling because the sword of the executioner broke without hurting her. Her spirit went to hell; but hell changed into paradise. Yama sent her back to life to save his hell, when she was miraculously transported on a Lotus flower to the island of Poo-too'. Eitel. |
釋迦牟尼 释迦牟尼 see styles |
shì jiā móu ní shi4 jia1 mou2 ni2 shih chia mou ni Shakamuni |
More info & calligraphy: Shakyamuni / The Buddha釋迦文 (釋迦文尼); 釋伽文 Śākyamuni, the saint of the Śākya tribe. muni is saint, holy man, sage, ascetic monk; it is: intp. as 仁 benevolent, charitable, kind, also as 寂默 one who dwells in seclusion. After '500 or 550' previous incarnations, Śākyamuni finally attained to the state of Bodhisattva, was born in the Tuṣita heaven, and descended as a white elephant, through her right side, into the womb of the immaculate Māyā, the purest woman on earth; this was on the 8th day of the 4th month; next year on the 8th day of the 2nd month he was born from her right side painlessly as she stood under a tree in the Lumbinī garden. For the subsequent miraculous events v. Eitel. also the 神通遊戲經 (Lalitavistara), the 釋迦如來成道記, etc. Simpler statements say that he was born the son of Śuddhodana, of the kṣatriya caste, ruler of Kapilavastu, and Māyā his wife; that Māyā died seven days later, leaving him to be brought up by her sister Prājapati; that in due course he was married to Yaśodharā who bore him a son, Rāhula; that in search of truth he left home, became an ascetic, severely disciplined himself, and finally at 35 years of age, under a tree, realized that the way of release from the chain of rebirth and death lay not in asceticism but in moral purity; this he explained first in his four dogmas, v. 四諦 and eightfold noble way 八正道, later amplified and developed in many sermons. He founded his community on the basis of poverty, chastity, and insight or meditation, ad it became known as Buddhism, as he became known as Buddha, the enlightened. His death was probably in or near 487 B.C., a few years before that of Confucius in 479. The sacerdotal name of his family is Gautama, said to be the original name of the whole clan, Śākya being that of his branch, v. 瞿, 喬.; his personal name was Siddhārtha, or Sarvārthasiddha, v. 悉. |
不 see styles |
bù bu4 pu fu ふ |
no; not so; (bound form) not; un- (prefix) un-; non- No, not, none. (Sanskrit a, an. ). |
伽 see styles |
qié qie2 ch`ieh chieh togi とぎ |
used to transliterate Sanskrit "gha" nursing; nurse; attending; attendant; entertainer; (personal name) Kasumi Interchanged with 迦 q.v.; translit. ga, gha, ka, khya, g and in one case for ha. |
吽 see styles |
óu ou2 ou un |
used in 吽牙[ou2ya2] M020011 Translit. for hūṃ, which is interpreted as the bodhi, or omniscience, of all Buddhas. |
咒 see styles |
zhòu zhou4 chou ju じゅ |
incantation; magic spell; curse; malediction; to revile; to put a curse on sb (1) spell; curse; (2) (Buddhist term) dharani; mantra dhāraṇī 陀羅尼; mantra; an incantation, spell, oath, curse; also a vow with penalties for failure. Mystical, or magical, formulae employed in Yoga. In Lamaism they consist of sets of Tibetan words connected with Sanskrit syllables. In a wider sense dhāraṇī is a treatise with mystical meaning, or explaining it. |
唄 呗 see styles |
bei bei5 pei bai ばい |
modal particle indicating lack of enthusiasm; modal particle indicating that things should only or can only be done a certain way song; (surname) Bai pāṭha; pāṭhaka; read, recite, intone, chant, hymns in praise of Buddha; 唄匿 is erroneously said to transliterate the Sanskrit root vi-ne and to be the same as 婆陟 (or 婆師), but these are bhāṣa. |
嗢 see styles |
wà wa4 wa otsu |
To clear the throat; translit. u, cf. 鬱, 烏, 溫, 優. |
塔 see styles |
tǎ ta3 t`a ta tou / to とう |
pagoda (abbr. of 塔婆[ta3po2], a loanword from Sanskrit stūpa); tower; pylon (CL:座[zuo4]); (loanword) (pastry) tart (n,n-suf) (1) tower; steeple; spire; (2) (abbreviation) (original meaning) (See 卒塔婆・1,塔婆・1) stupa; pagoda; dagoba; (surname) Tousaki stūpa; tope; a tumulus, or mound, for the bones, or remains of the dead, or for other sacred relics, especially of the Buddha, whether relics of the body or the mind, e.g. bones or scriptures. As the body is supposed to consist of 84,000 atoms, Aśoka is said to have built 84,000 stūpas to preserve relics of Śākyamuni. Pagodas, dagobas, or towers with an odd number of stories are used in China for the purpose of controlling the geomantic influences of a neighbourbood. Also 塔婆; 兜婆; 偸婆; 藪斗波; 窣堵波; 率都婆; 素覩波; 私鍮簸, etc. The stūpas erected over relics of the Buddha vary from the four at his birthplace, the scene of his enlightenment, of his first sermon, and of his death, to the 84,000 accredited to Aśoka. |
塵 尘 see styles |
chén chen2 ch`en chen chiri ちり |
dust; dirt; earth (1) dust; (2) trash; garbage; rubbish; dirt; (3) (usu. as 塵ほども...ない) negligible amount; tiny bit; (4) hustle and bustle (of life); worldly cares; impurities of the world; (5) (abbreviation) {sumo} (See 塵手水) ritual gestures indicating that a fight will be clean guṇa, in Sanskrit inter alia means 'a secondary element', 'a quality', 'an attribute of the five elements', e.g. 'ether has śabda or sound for its guṇa and the ear for its organ'. In Chinese it means 'dust, small particles; molecules, atoms, exhalations'. It may be intp. as an atom, or matter, which is considered as defilement; or as an active, conditioned principle in nature, minute, subtle, and generally speaking defiling to pure mind; worldly, earthly, the world. The six guṇas or sensation-data are those of sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, and thought. |
懺 忏 see styles |
chàn chan4 ch`an chan sen |
(bound form) to feel remorse; (bound form) scripture read to atone for sb's sins (from Sanskrit "ksama") kṣamayati, "to ask pardon"; to seek forgiveness, patience or indulgence, kṣamā meaning patience, forbearance, tr. as 悔過 repentance, or regret or error; also as confession. It especially refers to the regular confessional service for monks and for nuns. |
梵 see styles |
fàn fan4 fan bon ぼん |
abbr. for 梵教[Fan4 jiao4] Brahmanism; abbr. for Sanskrit 梵語|梵语[Fan4 yu3] or 梵文[Fan4 wen2]; abbr. for 梵蒂岡|梵蒂冈[Fan4 di4 gang1], the Vatican (1) Brahman (ultimate reality of the universe in Hinduism); Brahma; (2) Brahma (Hindu creator god); (3) (abbreviation) (See 梵語) Sanskrit; (given name) Bon Brahman (from roots bṛh, vṛh, connected with bṛṃh, "religious devotion," "prayer," "a sacred text," or mantra, "the mystic syllable om"; "sacred learning," "the religious life," "the Supreme Being regarded as impersonal," "the Absolute," "the priestly or sacerdotal class," etc. M.W. Translit. |
欠 see styles |
qiàn qian4 ch`ien chien kake かけ |
to owe; to lack; (literary) to be deficient in; (bound form) yawn; to raise slightly (a part of one's body) lack; deficiency; vacancy; (1) (kana only) yawn; yawning (and stretching); (2) kanji "yawning" radical (radical 76); (place-name) Kake To owe: debt; deficient; to bend, bow, yawn, etc.; the Sanskrit sign अ said to imply 大空不可得 space, great and unattainable or immeasurable. |
毘 毗 see styles |
pí pi2 p`i pi bi |
variant of 毗[pi2] Contiguous; surrounded; hemmed in; liberal; to aid; manifest; translit. v, vi, vai, vya, ve, pi, bh, bhi. Cf. 鞞, 鼻, 吠. |
湼 涅 see styles |
niè nie4 nieh ne |
variant of 涅[nie4] Black mud at the bottom of pools; to defile, black. |
睺 see styles |
hóu hou2 hou |
(appears as phonetic ho, especially in words taken from Sanskrit); half-blind (archaic) |
缽 钵 see styles |
bō bo1 po hatsu |
small earthenware plate or basin; a monk's alms bowl; Sanskrit paatra begging bowl |
閦 see styles |
chù chu4 ch`u chu |
crowd; transliteration of Sanskrit 'kso', e.g. Aksobhya Buddha 阿閦佛 |
闍 阇 see styles |
shé she2 she ja |
(used in transliteration from Sanskrit) Translit. c, j, k, g, sounds. |
阿 see styles |
ē e1 o a あ |
(literary) to flatter; to curry favor with (1) (See 阿字・あじ) first Sanskrit alphabet letter; (2) (abbreviation) (See 阿弗利加・アフリカ) Africa; (3) (abbreviation) Awa (old province of Japan); (prefix) (4) (familiar language) (archaism) prefixed to names to show intimacy; (surname) Hodo M077477 羅陀補羅 Anurādhapura, a northern city of Ceylon, at which tradition says Buddhism was introduced into the island; cf. Abhayagiri, 阿跋.; M077477 樓馱 v. 阿那律Aniruddha.; a or ā, अ, आ. It is the first letter of the Sanskrit Siddham alphabet, and is also translit. by 曷, 遏, 安, 頞, 韻, 噁, etc. From it are supposed to be born all the other letters, and it is the first sound uttered by the human mouth. It has therefore numerous mystical indications. Being also a negation it symbolizes the unproduced, the impermanent, the immaterial; but it is employed in many ways indicative of the positive. Amongst other uses it indicates Amitābha, from the first syllable in that name. It is much in use for esoteric purposes. |
七僧 see styles |
qī sēng qi1 seng1 ch`i seng chi seng shichisō |
A monastery is supposed to possess the following seven monks: 咒願師 invoker; 導師 leader; 唄師 intoner, or leader of the chanting; 散花師 flower-scatterer; 梵音師 master of sacred words, or Sanskrit; 錫杖師 shaker of the rings on the metal staff, or crozier; 堂達 distributor of missals, etc. Another division is 講師 expounder; 讀師 reader; 咒願師; 三禮師 director of the three ceremonies; 唄師; 散花師; and 堂達. |
七曜 see styles |
qī yào qi1 yao4 ch`i yao chi yao shichiyou / shichiyo しちよう |
the seven planets of premodern astronomy (the Sun, the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) (1) {astron} the seven luminaries (sun, moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn); (2) the seven days of the week The seven brilliant ones — the sun and moon, together with the five planets which are connected with fire, water, wood, metal, and earth. Their essence shines in the sky, but their spirits are over men as judges of their good and evil, and as rulers over good and evil fortune. The following list shows their names in Chinese and Sanskrit: Sun 日, 太陽; aditya 阿彌底耶 Moon月, 太陰; soma 蘇摩 Mars火星, 勢惑勞; aṅgāraka 盎哦囉迦 Mercury水星, 辰星; budha 部陀 Jupiter木星, 歳星; bṛhaspati 勿哩訶娑跛底 Venus金星, 太白; śukra 戌羯羅 Saturn土星, 鎭星; śanaiścara 賖乃以室折羅. |
五蘊 五蕴 see styles |
wǔ yùn wu3 yun4 wu yün goun / gon ごうん |
the Five Aggregates (from Sanskrit "skandha") (Buddhism) {Buddh} the five skandhas (matter, sensation, perception, mental formations and consciousness); the five aggregates The five skandhas, pañca-skandha: also 五陰; 五衆; 五塞犍陀 The five cumulations, substances, or aggregates, i. e. the components of an intelligent being, specially a human being: (1) 色 rūpa, form, matter, the physical form related to the five organs of sense; (2) 受 vedana, reception, sensation, feeling, the functioning of the mind or senses in connection with affairs and things; (3) 想 saṃjñā, conception, or discerning; the functioning of mind in distinguishing; (4) 行 saṃskāra, the functioning of mind in its processes regarding like and dislike, good and evil, etc.; (5) 識 vijñāna, mental faculty in regard to perception and cognition, discriminative of affairs and things. The first is said to be physical, the other four mental qualities; (2), (3), and (4) are associated with mental functioning, and therefore with 心所; (5) is associated with the faculty or nature of the mind 心王 manas. Eitel gives— form, perception, consciousness, action, knowledge. See also Keith's Buddhist Philosophy, 85-91. |
伽藍 伽蓝 see styles |
qié lán qie2 lan2 ch`ieh lan chieh lan garan がらん |
Buddhist temple (loanword from Sanskrit "samgharama") (1) (abbreviation) {Buddh} (See 僧伽藍摩) temple (esp. large one); monastery; (suffix noun) (2) {Buddh} temple building; (surname) Tokiai 僧伽藍摩; 僧藍 saṅghārāma or saṅghāgāra. (1) The park of a monastery. (2) A monastery, convent. There are eighteen伽藍神 guardian spirits of a monastery. |
佔城 占城 see styles |
zhàn chéng zhan4 cheng2 chan ch`eng chan cheng |
Champa (Sanskrit: Campapura or Campanagara), ancient kingdom in the South of Vietnam c. 200-1693 See: 占城 |
佔婆 占婆 see styles |
zhàn pó zhan4 po2 chan p`o chan po |
Champa (Sanskrit: Campapura or Campanagara), ancient kingdom in the South of Vietnam c. 200-1693 See: 占婆 |
剎那 刹那 see styles |
chà nà cha4 na4 ch`a na cha na |
an instant (Sanskrit: ksana); split second; the twinkling of an eye See: 刹那 |
加持 see styles |
jiā chí jia1 chi2 chia ch`ih chia chih kaji かじ |
(Buddhism) (from Sanskrit "adhiṣṭhāna") blessings; (fig.) empowerment; boost; support; backing; to give one's blessing; to empower; (Tw) to hold an additional (passport etc) (n,vs,vi) (1) prayer (to get rid of misfortune, disease, etc.); incantation; faith healing; (n,vs,vi) (2) {Buddh} adhisthana (blessing of a buddha or bodhisattva); (place-name, surname) Kamochi 地瑟娓曩 adhiṣṭhāna, to depend upon, a base, rule. It is defined as dependence on the Buddha, who 加 confers his strength on all (who seek it), and 持 upholds them; hence it implies prayer, because of obtaining the Buddha's power and transferring it to others; in general it is to aid, support. |
南無 南无 see styles |
nā mó na1 mo2 na mo namu; namo なむ; なも |
Buddhist salutation or expression of faith (loanword from Sanskrit); Taiwan pr. [na2 mo2] (conj,int) {Buddh} amen; hail; (surname) Namu namaḥ; Pali: namo; to submit oneself to, from to bend, bow to, make obeisance, pay homage to; an expression of submission to command, complete commitment, reverence, devotion, trust for salvation, etc. Also written 南牟; 南謨; 南忙; 那謨 (or 那模 or 那麻); 納莫 (or 納慕); 娜母; 曩莫 (or 曩謨); 捺麻(or捺謨), etc. It is used constantly in liturgy, incantations, etc., especially as in namaḥ Amitābha, which is the formula of faith of the Pure-land sect, representing the believing heart of all beings and Amitābha's power and will to save; repeated in the hour of death it opens the entrance to the Pure Land. |
占察 see styles |
zhàn chá zhan4 cha2 chan ch`a chan cha senzatsu |
A method of divination in the esoteric school by means of the Sanskrit letter 'a'. |
反切 see styles |
fǎn qiè fan3 qie4 fan ch`ieh fan chieh hansetsu はんせつ |
traditional system expressing the phonetic value of a Chinese character using two other characters, the first for the initial consonant, the second for the rhyme and tone fanqie; traditional Chinese spelling system in which two characters are used: the first one for the onset, the second one for rhyme and tone The system of indicating the initial and final sounds of a character by two others, ascribed to Sun Yen 孫炎 in the third century A D., arising out of the translit. of Sanskrit terms in Buddhist translation. |
和尚 see styles |
hé shang he2 shang5 ho shang wajou / wajo わじょう |
Buddhist monk (1) (honorific or respectful language) preceptor or high priest (in Shingon, Hosso, Ritsu or Shin Buddhism); (2) second highest priestly rank in Buddhism; (3) master (of one's art, trade, etc.); (1) (honorific or respectful language) preceptor or high priest (in Tendai or Kegon Buddhism); (2) second highest priestly rank in Buddhism; (3) monk (esp. the head monk of a temple); (4) master (of one's art, trade, etc.); (1) (honorific or respectful language) preceptor or high priest (esp. in Zen or Pure Land Buddhism); (2) second highest priestly rank in Buddhism; (3) monk (esp. the head monk of a temple); (4) master (of one's art, trade, etc.); (personal name) Wajō A general term for a monk. It is said to be derived from Khotan in the form of 和闍 or 和社 (or 烏社) which might be a translit. of vandya (Tibetan and Khotani ban-de), 'reverend.' Later it took the form of 和尚 or 和上. The 律宗 use 和上, others generally 和尚. The Sanskrit term used in its interpretation is 鳥波陀耶 upādhyāya, a 'sub-teacher' of the Vedas, inferior to an ācārya; this is intp. as 力生 strong in producing (knowledge), or in begetting strength in his disciples; also by 知有罪知無罪 a discerner of sin from not-sin, or the sinful from the not-sinful. It has been used as a synonym for 法師 a teacher of doctrine, in distinction from 律師 a teacher of the vinaya, also from 禪師 a teacher of the Intuitive school. |
多羅 多罗 see styles |
duō luó duo1 luo2 to lo tara たら |
(1) (abbreviation) (See 多羅樹) palmyra; (2) (abbreviation) (See 多羅葉) lusterleaf holly; (3) patra (silver incense dish placed in front of a Buddhist statue); (surname, female given name) Tara tārā, in the sense of starry, or scintillation; Tāla, for the fan-palm; Tara, from 'to pass over', a ferry, etc. Tārā, starry, piercing, the eye, the pupil; the last two are both Sanskrit and Chinese definitions; it is a term applied to certain female deities and has been adopted especially by Tibetan Buddhism for certain devīs of the Tantric school. The origin of the term is also ascribed to tar meaning 'to cross', i. e. she who aids to cross the sea of mortality. Getty, 19-27. The Chinese derivation is the eye; the tara devīs; either as śakti or independent, are little known outside Lamaism. Tāla is the palmyra, or fan-palm, whose leaves are used for writing and known as 具多 Pei-to, pattra. The tree is described as 70 or 80 feet high, with fruit like yellow rice-seeds; the borassus eabelliformis; a measure of 70 feet. Taras, from to cross over, also means a ferry, and a bank, or the other shore. Also 呾囉. |
天語 天语 see styles |
tiān yǔ tian1 yu3 t`ien yü tien yü tengo |
The deva language, i. e. that of the Brahman, Sanskrit. |
天迦 see styles |
tiān jiā tian1 jia1 t`ien chia tien chia tenka |
devanāgarī, 神字 the usual form of Sanskrit writing, introduced into Tibet, v. 梵字. |
字母 see styles |
zì mǔ zi4 mu3 tzu mu jibo じぼ |
letter (of the alphabet); CL:個|个[ge4] (1) letter (of an alphabet); syllabic character; (2) (See 母型) matrix; printing type; (3) {ling} (See 三十六字母) representative character of a Middle Chinese initial consonant The Sanskrit alphabet of 42, 47, or 50 letters, the 'Siddham' 悉曇 consisting of 35 體文 consonants and 12 摩多 vowels. The 字母表 deals with the alphabet in 1 juan. The 字母品 is an abbreviation of 文殊問經字母品. |
字緣 字缘 see styles |
zì yuán zi4 yuan2 tzu yüan jien |
母音 The 12 or 14 Sanskrit vowels, as contrasted with the 35 or 36 consonants, which are 根本 radical or 字界 limited or fixed letters. |
字輪 字轮 see styles |
zì lún zi4 lun2 tzu lun jirin |
The wheel, rotation, or interchange of words for esoteric purposes, especially the five Sanskrit signs adopted for the five elements, earth, water, fire, air, space. |
小乘 see styles |
xiǎo shèng xiao3 sheng4 hsiao sheng shōjō |
Hinayana, the Lesser Vehicle; Buddhism in India before the Mayahana sutras; also pr. [Xiao3 cheng2] Hīnayāna 希那衍. The small, or inferior wain, or vehicle; the form of Buddhism which developed after Śākyamuni's death to about the beginning of the Christian era, when Mahāyāna doctrines were introduced. It is the orthodox school and more in direct line with the Buddhist succession than Mahāyānism which developed on lines fundamentally different. The Buddha was a spiritual doctor, less interested in philosophy than in the remedy for human misery and perpetual transmigration. He "turned aside from idle metaphysical speculations; if he held views on such topics, he deemed them valueless for the purposes of salvation, which was his goal" (Keith). Metaphysical speculations arose after his death, and naturally developed into a variety of Hīnayāna schools before and after the separation of a distinct school of Mahāyāna. Hīnayāna remains the form in Ceylon, Burma, and Siam, hence is known as Southern Buddhism in contrast with Northern Buddhism or Mahāyāna, the form chiefly prevalent from Nepal to Japan. Another rough division is that of Pali and Sanskrit, Pali being the general literary language of the surviving form of Hīnayāna, Sanskrit of Mahāyāna. The term Hīnayāna is of Mahāyānist origination to emphasize the universalism and altruism of Mahāyāna over the narrower personal salvation of its rival. According to Mahāyāna teaching its own aim is universal Buddhahood, which means the utmost development of wisdom and the perfect transformation of all the living in the future state; it declares that Hīnayāna, aiming at arhatship and pratyekabuddhahood, seeks the destruction of body and mind and extinction in nirvāṇa. For arhatship the 四諦Four Noble Truths are the foundation teaching, for pratyekabuddhahood the 十二因緣 twelve-nidānas, and these two are therefore sometimes styled the two vehicles 二乘. Tiantai sometimes calls them the (Hīnayāna) Tripiṭaka school. Three of the eighteen Hīnayāna schools were transported to China: 倶舍 (Abhidharma) Kośa; 成實 Satya-siddhi; and the school of Harivarman, the律 Vinaya school. These are described by Mahāyānists as the Buddha's adaptable way of meeting the questions and capacity of his hearers, though his own mind is spoken of as always being in the absolute Mahāyāna all-embracing realm. Such is the Mahāyāna view of Hīnayāna, and if the Vaipulya sūtras and special scriptures of their school, which are repudiated by Hīnayāna, are apocryphal, of which there seems no doubt, then Mahāyāna in condemning Hīnayāna must find other support for its claim to orthodoxy. The sūtras on which it chiefly relies, as regards the Buddha, have no authenticity; while those of Hīnayāna cannot be accepted as his veritable teaching in the absence of fundamental research. Hīnayāna is said to have first been divided into minority and majority sections immediately after the death of Śākyamuni, when the sthāvira, or older disciples, remained in what is spoken of as "the cave", some place at Rājagṛha, to settle the future of the order, and the general body of disciples remained outside; these two are the first 上坐部 and 大衆部 q. v. The first doctrinal division is reported to have taken place under the leadership of the monk 大天 Mahādeva (q.v.) a hundred years after the Buddha's nirvāṇa and during the reign of Aśoka; his reign, however, has been placed later than this by historians. Mahādeva's sect became the Mahāsāṅghikā, the other the Sthāvira. In time the two are said to have divided into eighteen, which with the two originals are the so-called "twenty sects" of Hīnayāna. Another division of four sects, referred to by Yijing, is that of the 大衆部 (Arya) Mahāsaṅghanikāya, 上座部 Āryasthavirāḥ, 根本說一切有部 Mūlasarvāstivādaḥ, and 正量部 Saṃmatīyāḥ. There is still another division of five sects, 五部律. For the eighteen Hīnayāna sects see 小乘十八部. |
尼抵 see styles |
ní dǐ ni2 di3 ni ti nitei |
nidhi (praṇidhāna); also 尼低; 尼提 The Sanskrit is doubtful. The intp. is 願 vow, or 願志求滿足 seeking the fulfilment of resolves, or aims. |
帰命 see styles |
kimyou / kimyo きみょう |
{Buddh} (transl. of the Sanskrit "namas") (See 南無) devoting one's life to the Buddha; obeying the Buddha's teachings |
常住 see styles |
cháng zhù chang2 zhu4 ch`ang chu chang chu joujuu / joju じょうじゅう |
long-term resident; permanent residence; eternalism (permanence of soul, Sanskrit Sassatavada) (adverb) (1) always; constantly; eternally; (n,vs,vi) (2) {Buddh} (orig. meaning) (ant: 無常) constancy; eternity; (n,vs,vi) (3) permanent residence; (surname) Tokosumi Permanent, always abiding, eternal. |
摩訶 摩诃 see styles |
mó hē mo2 he1 mo ho maka まか |
transliteration of Sanskrit mahā, great (n,n-pref) {Buddh} greatness (san: mahā); enormity; superiority; maha mahā, great, large, very; also摩醯; 莫訶. |
新譯 新译 see styles |
xīn yì xin1 yi4 hsin i shinyaku |
new standard for the translation of Sanskrit terms into Chinese |
斷滅 断灭 see styles |
duàn miè duan4 mie4 tuan mieh danmetsu |
annihilation (of soul, Sanskrit uccheda) The heterodox teaching which denies the law of cause and effect, i.e. of karma. |
方丈 see styles |
fāng zhang fang1 zhang5 fang chang houjou / hojo ほうじょう |
square zhang (i.e. unit of area 10 feet square); monastic room 10 feet square; Buddhist or Daoist abbot; abbot's chamber (1) (See 丈・じょう・1) square jō (approx. 10 sq feet); (2) {Buddh} abbot's chamber; (3) chief priest; (p,s,g) Hōjō An abbot, 寺主 head of a monastery; the term is said to arise from the ten-foot cubic dwelling in which 維摩 Vimalakirti lived, but here seems to be no Sanskrit equivalent. |
旃檀 see styles |
zhān tán zhan1 tan2 chan t`an chan tan sendan |
sandalwood (loanword from Sanskrit "candana") sandalwood |
星宿 see styles |
xīng xiù xing1 xiu4 hsing hsiu shōshuku ほとほりぼし |
constellation (arch., now 星座); one of the 28 constellations of traditional Chinese astronomy and astrology; motion of stars since one's birth (predetermining one's fate in astrology) (1) (astron) constellation; (2) (astron) (archaism) mansion (any of the Chinese constellations used to divide the ecliptic into 28 positions); (3) (astron) Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions) The twenty-eight Chinese constellations 二十八宿; also the twenty-eight nakṣatras; the 十二宮 twelve rāṣi, or zodiacal mansions; and the 七曜 seven mobile stars: sun, moon, and five graha or planets; all which are used as auguries in 星占法 astrology. A list giving Sanskrit and Chinese names, etc･, is given in 佛學大辭典, pp. 1579-1 580. |
梵字 see styles |
fàn zì fan4 zi4 fan tzu bonji ぼんじ |
script used to write Sanskrit (esp. Siddham); (given name) Bonji Brahma letters; saṃskṛtam; Sanskrit: also梵書 The classical Aryan language of India, systematized by scholars, in contradistinction to prākrit, representing the languages as ordinarily spoken. With the exception of a few ancient translations probably from Pali versions, most of the original texts used in China were Sanskrit. Various alphabets have been introduced into China for transliterating Indian texts, the devanāgarī alphabet, which was introduced via Tibet, is still used on charms and in sorcery. Pali is considered by some Chinese writers to be more ancient than Sanskrit both as a written and spoken language. |
梵学 see styles |
bongaku ぼんがく |
(1) study of Sanskrit; (2) study of Buddhism |
梵文 see styles |
fàn wén fan4 wen2 fan wen bonbun ぼんぶん |
Sanskrit (1) Sanskrit writing; Sanskrit text; (2) Sanskrit scripture; scripture in Sanskrit characters Sanskrit text |
梵本 see styles |
fàn běn fan4 ben3 fan pen bonpon; bonbon ぼんぽん; ぼんぼん |
book in Sanskrit characters (e.g. scripture); book from India Sutras in the Indian language. |
梵章 see styles |
fàn zhāng fan4 zhang1 fan chang Bonshō |
Brahmavastu, a Sanskrit syllabary in twelve parts. |
梵言 see styles |
fàn yán fan4 yan2 fan yen bongon |
Sanskrit word |
梵語 梵语 see styles |
fàn yǔ fan4 yu3 fan yü bongo ぼんご |
Sanskrit (language) (See サンスクリット語) Sanskrit Brahma language, Sanskrit, the Sanskrit alphabet; 'the language of India'; supposed to come from Brahmā. |
止觀 止观 see styles |
zhǐ guān zhi3 guan1 chih kuan shikan |
奢摩他毗婆舍那 (or 奢摩他毗鉢舍那) śamatha-vipaśyanā, which Sanskrit words are intp. by 止觀; 定慧; 寂照; and 明靜; for their respective meanings see 止 and 觀. When the physical organism is at rest it is called 止 zhi, when the mind is seeing clearly it is called 觀 guan. The term and form of meditation is specially connected with its chief exponent, the founder of the Tiantai school, which school is styled 止觀宗 Zhiguan Zong, its chief object being concentration of the mind by special methods for the purpose of clear insight into truth, and to be rid of illusion. The Tiantai work gives ten fields of mediation, or concentration: (1) the 五陰, 十八界, and 十二入; (2) passion and delusion; (3) sickness; (4) karma forms; (5) māra-deeds; (6) dhyāna; (7) (wrong) theories; (8) arrogance; (9) the two Vehicles; (10) bodhisattvahood. |
比丘 see styles |
bǐ qiū bi3 qiu1 pi ch`iu pi chiu biku びく |
Buddhist monk (loanword from Sanskrit "bhiksu") bhikkhu (fully ordained Buddhist monk) (san: bhiksu) 比呼; 苾芻; 煏芻 bhikṣu, a religious mendicant, an almsman, one who has left home, been fully ordained, and depends on alms for a living. Some are styled 乞士 mendicant scholars, all are 釋種 Śākya-seed, offspring of Buddha. The Chinese characters are clearly used as a phonetic equivalent, but many attempts have been made to give meanings to the two words, e. g. 比 as 破 and 丘 as 煩惱, hence one who destroys the passions and delusions, also 悕能 able to overawe Māra and his minions; also 除饉 to get rid of dearth, moral and spiritual. Two kinds 内乞 and 外乞; both indicate self-control, the first by internal mental or spiritual methods, the second by externals such as strict diet. 苾芻 is a fragrant plant, emblem of the monastic life. |
沙門 沙门 see styles |
shā mén sha1 men2 sha men shamon; samon しゃもん; さもん |
monk (Sanskrit: Sramana, originally refers to north India); Buddhist monk {Buddh} shramana (wandering monk); (surname) Shamon śramaṇa. 桑門; 娑門; 喪門; 沙門那; 舍羅磨拏; 沙迦懣曩; 室摩那拏 (1) Ascetics of all kinds; 'the Sarmanai, or Samanaioi, or Germanai of the Greeks, perhaps identical also with the Tungusian Saman or Shaman.' Eitel. (2) Buddhist monks 'who 'have left their families and quitted the passions', the Semnoi of the Greeks'. Eitel. Explained by 功勞 toilful achievement, 勤息 diligent quieting (of the mind and the passions), 淨志 purity of mind, 貧道 poverty. 'He must keep well the Truth, guard well every uprising (of desire), be uncontaminated by outward attractions, be merciful to all and impure to none, be not elated to joy nor harrowed by distress, and able to bear whatever may come.' The Sanskrit root is śram, to make effort; exert oneself, do austerities. |
波耶 see styles |
bō yé bo1 ye2 po yeh haya |
payas, water; in Sanskrit it also means milk, juice, vital force. |
涅槃 see styles |
niè pán nie4 pan2 nieh p`an nieh pan nehan ねはん |
(Buddhism) to achieve nirvana (extinction of desire and pain); to die (loanword from Sanskrit, abbr. for 涅槃那[nie4pan2na4]) (1) {Buddh} nirvana; supreme enlightenment; (2) {Buddh} death; death of Buddha nirvāṇa, 'blown out, gone out, put out, extinguished'; 'liberated-from existence'; 'dead, deceased, defunct.' 'Liberation, eternal bliss'; '(with Buddhists and Jainas) absolute extinction or annihilation, complete extinction of individual existence.' M.W. Other forms are 涅槃那; 泥日; 泥洹; 泥畔 Originally translated 滅 to extinguish, extinction, put out (as a lamp or fire), it was also described as 解脫 release, 寂滅 tranquil extinction; 無爲 inaction, without effort, passiveness; 不生 no (re)birth; 安樂 calm joy; 滅度transmigration to 'extinction'. The meaning given to 'extinction' varies, e.g. individual extinction; cessation of rebirth; annihilation of passion; extinction of all misery and entry into bliss. While the meaning of individual extinction is not without advocates, the general acceptation is the extinction or end of all return to reincarnation with its concomitant suffering, and the entry into bliss. Nirvāṇa may be enjoyed in the present life as an attainable state, with entry into parinirvāṇa, or perfect bliss to follow. It may be (a) with a 'remainder', i.e. the cause but not all the effect (karma), of reincarnation having been destroyed; (b) without 'remainder', both cause and effect having been extinguished. The answer of the Buddha as to the continued personal existence of the Tathāgata in nirvāṇa is, in the Hīnayāna canon, relegated 'to the sphere of the indeterminates' (Keith), as one of the questions which are not essential to salvation. One argument is that flame when blown out does not perish but returns to the totality of Fire. The Nirvāṇa Sutra claims for nirvāṇa the ancient ideas of 常樂我淨 permanence, bliss, personality purity in the transcendental realm. Mahāyāna declares that Hīnayāna by denying personality in the transcendental realm denies the existence of the Buddha. In Mahāyāna final nirvāṇa is transcendental, and is also used as a term for the absolute. The place where the Buddha entered his earthly nirvāṇa is given as Kuśinagara, cf. 拘. |
淸梵 see styles |
qīng fàn qing1 fan4 ch`ing fan ching fan shōbon |
Pure Sanskrit; Buddha's resonant voice, or pure enunciation. |
百論 百论 see styles |
bǎi lùn bai3 lun4 pai lun Hyakuron |
Śataśāstra. One of the 三論 'three śāstras' of the Mādhyamika school, so called because of its 100 verses, each of 32 words; attributed to Deva Bodhisattva, it was written in Sanskrit by Vasubandhu and tr. by Kumārajīva, but the versions differ. There is also the 廣百論本 Catuḥśataka [Catuḥśatakaśāstrakarika], an expansion of the above. |
眞言 see styles |
zhēn yán zhen1 yan2 chen yen shingon しんごん |
(out-dated kanji) (1) (Buddhist term) mantra; (2) (abbreviation) Shingon sect (of Buddhism) True words, words of Truth, the words of the Tathāgata, Buddha-truth. The term is used for mantra, and dhāraṇī, indicating magical formulae, spells, charms, esoteric words. Buddhas and Bodhisattvas have each an esoteric sound represented by a Sanskrit letter, the primary Vairocana letter, the alpha of all sounds being 'a' 阿, which is also styled 眞言救世者 the True World that saves the world. |
真言 see styles |
zhēn yán zhen1 yan2 chen yen makoto まこと |
true statement; incantation (translates Sanskrit: dharani 陀羅尼|陀罗尼) (1) (Buddhist term) mantra; (2) (abbreviation) Shingon sect (of Buddhism); (female given name) Makoto |
種子 种子 see styles |
zhǒng zi zhong3 zi5 chung tzu shushi しゅし |
seed; CL:顆|颗[ke1],粒[li4] seed; pit; (female given name) Taneko Seed, germ; the content of the ālayavijñāna as the seed of all phenomena; the esoterics also have certain Sanskrit letters, especially the first letter ā, as a seed or germ containing supernatural powers. |
空點 空点 see styles |
kōng diǎn kong1 dian3 k`ung tien kung tien kūten |
The dot over the ṃ or ṅ in Sanskrit, symbolizing that all things are empty or unreal; used by the Shingon sect with various meanings. |
總持 总持 see styles |
zǒng chí zong3 chi2 tsung ch`ih tsung chih sōji |
dhāraṇī, cf. 陀, entire control, a tr. of the Sanskrit word, and associated with the Yogācārya school; absolute control over good and evil passions and influences. |
羅睺 罗睺 see styles |
luó hóu luo2 hou2 lo hou rago; ragou / rago; rago らご; らごう |
the intersection of the Moon's orbit with the ecliptic in Vedic astronomy (Sanskrit rahu) Rago; mythological celestial body and-or evil spirit (asura) said to cause eclipses Rāhu, also羅護; 羅虎; "the demon who is supposed to seize the sun and moon and thus cause eclipses." M.W. |
羅預 罗预 see styles |
luó yù luo2 yu4 lo yü rayo |
(old) very short unit of time (loanword, from Sanskrit) an instant |
翻梵 see styles |
fān fàn fan1 fan4 fan fan honbon |
To translate from Sanskrit. |
聖語 圣语 see styles |
shèng yǔ sheng4 yu3 sheng yü shōgo |
āryabhāṣā. Sacred speech, language, words, or sayings; Sanskrit. |
聲明 声明 see styles |
shēng míng sheng1 ming2 sheng ming shōmyō しょうみょう |
to state; to declare; statement; declaration; CL:項|项[xiang4],份[fen4] (1) sabdavidya (ancient Indian linguistic and grammatical studies); (2) (Buddhist term) chanting of Buddhist hymns (usu. in Sanskrit or Chinese) śabdavidyā, one of the 五明 five sciences, the聲明論 Śabdavidyā śāstra being a treatise on words and their meanings. |
聲論 声论 see styles |
shēng lùn sheng1 lun4 sheng lun shōron |
cf. 聲明, also vyākaraṇam, a treatise on sounds and the structure of Sanskrit. |
舍利 see styles |
shè lì she4 li4 she li shari |
(Buddhism) relic found in the cremated ashes of Buddhists (from Sanskrit "śarīra") (1) śārī, śārikā; a bird able to talk, intp. variously, but, M. W. says the mynah. Śārikā was the name of Śāriputra's mother, because her eyes were bright and clever like those of a mynah; there are other interpretation (2) śarīra(m). 設利羅 (or 室利羅); 實利; 攝 M004215 藍 Relics or ashes left after the cremation of a buddha or saint; placed in stupas and worhipped. The white represent bones; the black, hair; and the red, flesh. Also called dhātu-śarīra or dharma-śarīra. The body, a dead body. The body looked upon as dead by reason of obedience to the discipline, meditation, and wisdom. The Lotus Sutra and other sutras are counted as relics, Śākyamuni's relics are said to have amounted to 八斛四斗 84 pecks, for which Aśoka is reputed to have built in one day 84,000 stupas; but other figures are also given. śarīra is also intp. by grains of rice, etc., and by rice as food. |
蘭若 兰若 see styles |
lán rě lan2 re3 lan je ranniya |
Buddhist temple (transliteration of Sanskrit "Aranyakah") (abbr. for 阿蘭若|阿兰若[a1 lan2 re3]) araṇya |
袈裟 see styles |
jiā shā jia1 sha1 chia sha kesa けさ |
kasaya (robe of a Buddhist monk or nun) (loanword from Sanskrit) (1) {Buddh} kasaya; monk's stole; (2) (abbreviation) (See 袈裟懸け・1) wearing an article of clothing in the same manner as a kasaya (i.e. draped over one shoulder); (female given name) Kesa kaṣāya, the monk's robe, or cassock. The word is intp. as decayed, impure (in colour), dyed, not of primary colour, so as to distinguish it from the normal white dress of the people. The patch-robe, v. 二十五條. A dyed robe 'of a colour composed of red and yellow' (M. W. ); it has a number of poetic names, e. g. robe of patience, or endurance. Also 迦沙曳 (迦邏沙曳). |
覺悟 觉悟 see styles |
jué wù jue2 wu4 chüeh wu kakugo |
to come to understand; to realize; consciousness; awareness; Buddhist enlightenment (Sanskrit: cittotpāda) To awake, become enlightened, comprehend spiritual reality. |
計都 计都 see styles |
jì dū ji4 du1 chi tu keito / keto けいと |
concept from Vedic astronomy (Sanskrit Ketu), the opposite point to 羅睺|罗睺[luo2 hou2]; imaginary star presaging disaster Keito; mythological celestial body and-or evil spirit (asura) said to cause eclipses; (female given name) Keito 計部; 鷄都 or 兜 ketu, any bright appearance, comet, ensign, eminent, discernment, etc.; the name of two constellations to the left and right of Aquila. |
記論 记论 see styles |
jì lùn ji4 lun4 chi lun Kiron |
Vyākaraṇa, a treatise on Sanskrit grammar, cf. 毘伽羅論. |
豆佉 see styles |
dòu qū dou4 qu1 tou ch`ü tou chü zukya |
(Buddhism) suffering (from Sanskrit "dukkha") duḥkha, trouble, suffering, pain, defined by 逼惱 harassed, distressed. The first of the four dogmas, or 'Noble Truths' 四諦 is that all life is involved, through impermanence, in distress. There are many kinds of 苦 q. v. |
貝多 贝多 see styles |
bèi duō bei4 duo1 pei to baita |
pattra palm tree (loan from Sanskrit, Corypha umbraculifera), whose leaves were used as paper substitute for Buddhist sutras 貝多羅 (貝多羅葉); 貝葉 pattra; palm leaves from-the borassus flabelliformis, used for writing material. |
闍梨 阇梨 see styles |
shé lí she2 li2 she li jari |
Buddhist monk (Sanskrit: jala) 闍黎 ācārya, cf. 阿, a teacher, instructor, exemplar. |
闍黎 阇黎 see styles |
shé lí she2 li2 she li jari |
Buddhist teacher (Sanskrit transliteration); also written 闍梨|阇梨[she2 li2] ācārya |
阿字 see styles |
ā zì a1 zi4 a tzu aji あじ |
first Sanskrit alphabet letter (in esoteric Buddhism symbolizes the source of all things); (surname) Aji letter a |
阿鼻 see styles |
ā bí a1 bi2 a pi abi あび |
Ceaseless pain (Sanskrit: Avici), one of the Buddhist hells; fig. hell; hell on earth {Buddh} Avici (lowest level of hell) Avīci, 阿鼻旨; 阿鼻脂; 阿鼻至; the last and deepest of the eight hot hells, where the culprits suffer, die, and are instantly reborn to suffering, without interruption 無間. It is the 阿鼻地獄 (阿鼻旨地獄) or the 阿鼻焦熱地獄hell of unintermitted scorching; or the阿鼻喚地獄 hell of unintermitted wailing; its wall, out of which there is no escape, is the 阿鼻大城. |
靜志 see styles |
jìng zhì jing4 zhi4 ching chih |
Pali samaṇa and Sanskrit śramaṇa |
頭陀 头陀 see styles |
tóu tuó tou2 tuo2 t`ou t`o tou to zuda ずだ |
itinerant monk (loanword from Sanskrit) (1) {Buddh} ascetic practices; ridding oneself of desires for food, clothing and shelter; (2) {Buddh} religious medicancy; mendicant monk; (3) (abbreviation) (See 頭陀袋) sack; carry-all bag dhūta, also 杜多; 杜荼 shaken, shaken off, cleansed. To get rid of the trials of life; discipline to remove them and attain nirvāṇa. There are twelve relating to release from ties to clothing, food, and dwelling: (1) garments of cast-off rags; (2) only the three garments; (3) eat only food begged; (4) only breakfast and the noon meal; (5) no food between them; (6) limited amount; (7) dwelling as a hermit; (8) among tombs; (9) under a tree; (10) under the open sky; (11) anywhere; (12) sitting and not lying down. There are other groups. |
龍章 龙章 see styles |
lóng zhāng long2 zhang1 lung chang tatsuaki たつあき |
(personal name) Tatsuaki Dragon books, i.e. the sūtras, so called because the Sanskrit writing seemed to the Chinese to resemble the forms of snakes and dragons. |
Entries with 2nd row of characters: The 2nd row is Simplified Chinese.
This page contains 100 results for "A Sanskrit" in Chinese and/or Japanese.Information about this dictionary:
Apparently, we were the first ones who were crazy enough to think that western people might want a combined Chinese, Japanese, and Buddhist dictionary.
A lot of westerners can't tell the difference between Chinese and Japanese - and there is a reason for that. Chinese characters and even whole words were borrowed by Japan from the Chinese language in the 5th century. Much of the time, if a word or character is used in both languages, it will have the same or a similar meaning. However, this is not always true. Language evolves, and meanings independently change in each language.
Example: The Chinese character 湯 for soup (hot water) has come to mean bath (hot water) in Japanese. They have the same root meaning of "hot water", but a 湯屋 sign on a bathhouse in Japan would lead a Chinese person to think it was a "soup house" or a place to get a bowl of soup. See this: Japanese Bath House
This dictionary uses the EDICT and CC-CEDICT dictionary files.
EDICT data is the property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, and is used in conformance with the Group's
license.
Chinese Buddhist terms come from Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms by William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous. This is commonly referred to as "Soothill's'". It was first published in 1937 (and is now off copyright so we can use it here). Some of these definitions may be misleading, incomplete, or dated, but 95% of it is good information. Every professor who teaches Buddhism or Eastern Religion has a copy of this on their bookshelf. We incorporated these 16,850 entries into our dictionary database ourselves (it was lot of work).
Combined, these cover 1,007,753 Japanese, Chinese, and Buddhist characters, words, idioms, names, placenames, and short phrases.
Just because a word appears here does not mean it is appropriate for a tattoo, your business name, etc. Please consult a professional before doing anything stupid with this data.
We do offer Chinese and Japanese Tattoo Services. We'll also be happy to help you translate something for other purposes.
No warranty as to the correctness, potential vulgarity, or clarity is expressed or implied. We did not write any of these definitions (though we occasionally act as a contributor/editor to the CC-CEDICT project). You are using this dictionary for free, and you get what you pay for.
The following titles are just to help people who are searching for an Asian dictionary to find this page.