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<12345678910...>| Characters | Pronunciation Romanization |
Simple Dictionary Definition |
刻子 see styles |
tokine ときね |
{mahj} pung (chi:); three-of-a-kind; (female given name) Tokine |
劫波 see styles |
jié bō jie2 bo1 chieh po kōhi |
kalpa (loanword) (Hinduism) kalpa; also劫簸; 劫跛; v. 劫. Aeon, age. The period of time between the creation and recreation ofa world or universe; also the kalpas offormation, existence, destruction, and non-existence, which four as acomplete period are called mahākalpa 大劫. Eachgreat kalpa is subdivided into four asaṇkhyeya-kalpas (阿僧企耶 i.e. numberless,incalculable): (1) kalpa of destructionsaṃvarta; (2)kalpaof utter annihilation, or empty kalpa 増滅劫; 空劫 saṃvarta-siddha; (3) kalpa of formation 成劫 vivarta; (4) kalpa ofexistence 住劫 vivartasiddha; or they may betaken in the order 成住壤空. Each of the four kalpas is subdivided into twenty antara-kalpas, 小劫 or small kalpas, so that a mahākalpaconsists of eighty small kalpas. Each smallkalpa is divided into a period of 増 increaseand 減 decrease; the increase period is ruled over by the four cakravartīs in succession, i.e. the four ages of iron,copper, silver, gold, during which the length of human life increases by oneyear every century to 84,000 years, and the length of the human body to8,400 feet. Then comes the kalpa of decreasedivided into periods of the three woes, pestilence, war, famine, duringwhich the length of human life is gradually reduced to ten years and thehuman body to 1 foot in height. There are other distinctions of the kalpas. A small kalpa isrepresented as 16,800,000 years, a kalpa as336,000,000 years, and a mahākalpa as1,334,000,000 years. There are many ways of illustrating the length of akalpa, e.g. pass a soft cloth over a solid rock40 li in size once in a hundred years, whenfinally the rock has been thus worn away a kalpa will not yet have passed; or a city of 40 li, filled with mustard seeds, one being removed everycentury till all have gone, a kalpa will notyet have passed. Cf. 成劫. |
勃沙 see styles |
bó shā bo2 sha1 po sha botsusha |
弗沙 puṣya; foam; a lunar mansion, i.e. the three arrow stars in the 鬼 constellation of which ? Cancri is one. |
化土 see styles |
huà tǔ hua4 tu3 hua t`u hua tu kedo |
one of the 三土 three kinds of lands, or realms; it is any land or realm whose inhabitants are subject to reincarnation; any land which a Buddha is converting, or one in which is the transformed body of a Buddha. These lands are of two kinds, pure like the Tusita heaven, and vile or unclean like this world. Tiantai defines the huatu or the transformation realm of Amitābha as the Pure-land of the West, but other schools speak of huatu as the realm on which depends the nirmāṇakāya, with varying definitions. |
十二 see styles |
shí èr shi2 er4 shih erh tooji とおじ |
twelve; 12 12; twelve; (given name) Tooji dvātriṃśa. Thirty-two. 三十二應 (or 三十二身) The thirty-two forms of Guanyin, and of Puxian, ranging from that of a Buddha to that of a man, a maid, a rakṣas; similar to the thirty-three forms named in the Lotus Sūtra. 三十二相三十二大人相 dvātriṃśadvaralakṣaṇa. The thirty-two lakṣaṇas, or physical marks of a cakravartī, or 'wheel-king', especially of the Buddha, i. e. level feet, thousand-spoke wheel-sign on feet, long slender fingers, pliant hands and feet, toes and fingers finely webbed, full-sized heels, arched insteps, thighs like a royal stag, hands reaching below the knees well-retracted male organ, height and stretch of arms equal, every hair-root dark coloured, body hair graceful and curly, golden-hued body, a 10 ft. halo around him, soft smooth skin, the 七處, i. e. two soles, two palms, two shoulders, and crown well rounded, below the armpits well-filled, lion-shaped body, erect, full shoulders, forty teeth, teeth white even and close, the four canine teeth pure white, lion-jawed, saliva improving the taste of all food, tongue long and broad, voice deep and resonant, eyes deep blue, eyelashes like a royal bull, a white ūrnā or curl between the eyebrows emitting light, an uṣṇīṣa or fleshy protuberance on the crown. These are from the 三藏法數 48, with which the 智度論 4, 涅盤經 28, 中阿含經, 三十ニ相經 generally agree. The 無量義經 has a different list. 三十二相經 The eleventh chapter of the 阿含經. 三十二相經願 The twenty-first of Amitābha's vows, v. 無量壽經. 三十三 trayastriṃśat. Thirty-three. 三十三天忉利天; 憺梨天, 多羅夜登陵舍; 憺利夜登陵奢; 憺利耶憺利奢 Trayastriṃśas. The Indra heaven, the second of the six heavens of form. Its capital is situated on the summit of Mt. Sumeru, where Indra rules over his thirty-two devas, who reside on thirty-two peaks of Sumeru, eight in each of the four directons. Indra's capital is called 殊勝 Sudarśana, 喜見城 Joy-view city. Its people are a yojana in height, each one's clothing weighs 六鐵 (1; 4 oz. ), and they live 1, 000 years, a day and night being equal to 100 earthly years. Eitel says Indra's heaven 'tallies in all its details with the Svarga of Brahminic mythology' and suggests that 'the whole myth may have an astronomical meaning', or be connected, with 'the atmosphere with its phenomena, which strengthens Koeppen's hypothesis explaining the number thirty-three as referring to the eight Vasus, eleven Rudras, twelve Ādityas, and two Aśvins of Vedic mythology'. In his palace called Vaijayanta 'Indra is enthroned with 1, 000 eyes with four arms grasping the vajra. There he revels in numberless sensual pleasures together with his wife Śacī... and with 119, 000 concubines with whom he associates by means of transformation'.; dvādaśa, twelve. |
十地 see styles |
shí dì shi2 di4 shih ti juuji / juji じゅうじ |
{Buddh} dasabhumi (forty-first to fiftieth stages in the development of a bodhisattva); (place-name) Jūji daśabhūmi; v. 十住. The "ten stages" in the fifty-two sections of the development of a bodhisattva into a Buddha. After completing the十四向 he proceeds to the 十地. There are several groups. I. The ten stages common to the Three Vehicles 三乘 are: (1) 乾慧地 dry wisdom stage, i. e. unfertilized by Buddha-truth, worldly wisdom; (2) 性地 the embryo-stage of the nature of Buddha-truth, the 四善根; (3) 八人地 (八忍地), the stage of the eight patient endurances; (4) 見地 of freedom from wrong views; (5) 薄地 of freedom from the first six of the nine delusions in practice; (6) 離欲地 of freedom from the remaining three; (7) 巳辨地 complete discrimination in regard to wrong views and thoughts, the stage of an arhat; (8) 辟支佛地 pratyeka-buddhahood, only the dead ashes of the past left to sift; (9) 菩薩地 bodhisattvahood; (10) 佛地 Buddhahood. v. 智度論 78. II. 大乘菩薩十地 The ten stages of Mahāyāna bodhisattva development are: (1) 歡喜地 Pramuditā, joy at having overcome the former difficulties and now entering on the path to Buddhahood; (2) 離垢地 Vimalā, freedom from all possible defilement, the stage of purity; (3) 發光地 Prabhākarī, stage of further enlightenment; (4) 焰慧地 Arciṣmatī, of glowing wisdom; (5) 極難勝地 Sudurjayā, mastery of utmost or final difficulties; (6) 現前地 Abhimukhī, the open way of wisdom above definitions of impurity and purity; (7) 遠行地 Dūraṁgamā, proceeding afar, getting above ideas of self in order to save others; (8) 不動地 Acalā, attainment of calm unperturbedness; (9) 善慧地 Sādhumatī, of the finest discriminatory wisdom, knowing where and how to save, and possessed of the 十力 ten powers; (10) 法雲地 Dharmamegha, attaining to the fertilizing powers of the law-cloud. Each of the ten stages is connected with each of the ten pāramitās, v. 波. Each of the 四乘 or four vehicles has a division of ten. III. The 聲聞乘十地 ten Śrāvaka stages are: (1) 受三歸地 initiation as a disciple by receiving the three refuges, in the Buddha, Dharma, and Saṅgha; (2) 信地 belief, or the faith-root; (3) 信法地 belief in the four truths; (4) 内凡夫地 ordinary disciples who observe the 五停心觀, etc.; (5) 學信戒 those who pursue the 三學 three studies; (6) 八人忍地 the stage of 見道 seeing the true Way; (7) 須陀洹地 śrota-āpanna, now definitely in the stream and assured of nirvāṇa; (8) 斯陀含地 sakrdāgāmin, only one more rebirth; (9) 阿那含地 anāgāmin, no rebirth; and (10) 阿羅漢地 arhatship. IV. The ten stages of the pratyekabuddha 緣覺乘十地 are (1) perfect asceticism; (2) mastery of the twelve links of causation; (3) of the four noble truths; (4) of the deeper knowledge; (5) of the eightfold noble path; (6) of the three realms 三法界; (7) of the nirvāṇa state; (8) of the six supernatural powers; (9) arrival at the intuitive stage; (10) mastery of the remaining influence of former habits. V. 佛乘十地 The ten stages, or characteristics of a Buddha, are those of the sovereign or perfect attainment of wisdom, exposition, discrimination, māra-subjugation, suppression of evil, the six transcendent faculties, manifestation of all bodhisattva enlightenment, powers of prediction, of adaptability, of powers to reveal the bodhisattva Truth. VI. The Shingon has its own elaborate ten stages, and also a group 十地十心, see 十心; and there are other groups. |
十妙 see styles |
shí miào shi2 miao4 shih miao jūmyō |
The ten wonders, or incomprehensibles; there are two groups, the 迹ｖ traceable or manifested and 本門妙 the fundamental. The 迹門十妙 are the wonder of: (1) 境妙 the universe, sphere, or whole, embracing mind, Buddha, and all things as a unity; (2) 智妙 a Buddha's all-embracing knowledge arising from such universe; (3) 行妙 his deeds, expressive of his wisdom; (4) 位妙 his attainment of all the various Buddha stages, i.e. 十住 and十地; (5) 三法妙 his three laws of 理, 慧, and truth, wisdom, and vision; (6) 感應妙 his response to appeal, i.e. his (spiritual) response or relation to humanity, for "all beings are my children"; (7) 神通妙 his supernatural powers; (8) 說法妙 his preaching; (9) 眷屬妙 his supernatural retinue; (10) 利益妙 the blessings derived through universal elevation into Buddhahood. The 本門十妙 are the wonder of (1) 本因妙 the initial impulse or causative stage of Buddhahood; (2) 本果妙 its fruit or result in eternity, joy, and purity; (3) 國土妙 his (Buddha) realm; (4) 感應妙 his response (to human needs); (5) 神通妙 his supernatural powers; (6) 說法妙 his preaching; (7) 眷屬妙 his supernatural retinue; (8) 涅槃妙 his nirvāṇa; (9) 壽命妙 his (eternal) life; (10) his blessings as above. Both groups are further defined as progressive stages in a Buddha's career. These "wonders" are derived from the Lotus sūtra. |
十師 十师 see styles |
shí shī shi2 shi1 shih shih jisshi |
The ten monks necessary for a full ordination of a monk, i.e. 三師七證 three leaders and seven witnesses. |
十心 see styles |
shí xīn shi2 xin1 shih hsin jisshin |
The ten kinds of heart or mind; there are three groups. One is from the 止觀 4, minds ignorant and dark; affected by evil companions; not following the good; doing evil in thought, word, deed; spreading evil abroad; unceasingly wicked; secret sin; open crime; utterly shameless; denying cause and effect (retribution)―all such must remain in the flow 流 of reincarnation. The second group (from the same book) is the 逆流 the mind striving against the stream of perpetual reincarnation; it shows itself in devout faith, shame (for sin), fear (of wrong-doing), repentance and confession, reform, bodhi (i.e. the bodhisattva mind), doing good, maintaining the right law, thinking on all the Buddhas, meditation on the void (or, the unreality of sin). The third is the 眞言 group from the 大日經疏 3; the "seed" heart (i.e. the original good desire), the sprout (under Buddhist religious influence), the bud, leaf, flower, fruit, its serviceableness; the child-heart, the discriminating heart, the heart of settled judgment (or resolve). |
参宿 see styles |
shinshuku しんしゅく karasukiboshi からすきぼし |
(obscure) Chinese "Three Stars" constellation (one of the 28 mansions) |
參宿 参宿 see styles |
shēn xiù shen1 xiu4 shen hsiu |
Three Stars (Chinese constellation) See: 参宿 |
吳國 吴国 see styles |
wú guó wu2 guo2 wu kuo |
Wu state (in south China, in different historical periods); Wu state 220-280, founded by Sun Quan 孫權|孙权 the southernmost of the three Kingdoms |
周瑜 see styles |
zhōu yú zhou1 yu2 chou yü shuuyu / shuyu しゅうゆ |
Zhou Yu (175-210), famous general of the southern Wu kingdom and victor of the battle of Redcliff; in Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義|三国演义[San1 guo2 Yan3 yi4], absolutely no match for Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮|诸葛亮[Zhu1 ge3 Liang4] (personal name) Shuuyu |
四三 see styles |
yomi よみ |
(1) {hanaf} (See 手役) one four-of-a-kind and one three-of-a-kind in a dealt hand; (2) three and a four (in dice games); (personal name) Yomi |
四世 see styles |
sì shì si4 shi4 ssu shih yonsei / yonse よんせい |
(1) four generations; (2) fourth generation immigrant; yonsei; (3) the fourth (e.g. George IV) The period of the Buddha's earthly life, styled 聖世 the sacred period (or period of the sage), is added to the three periods of 正法 correct Law; 像法 semblance of the Law; and 末法 decadence of the Law. |
四仙 see styles |
sì xiān si4 xian1 ssu hsien shisen |
The three genī, or founders of systems, together with 若提子 Nirgranthajñāti; v. 二天三仙. |
四恩 see styles |
sì ēn si4 en1 ssu en shion しおん |
{Buddh} four gratitudes (to one's parents, all living beings, one's sovereign and the Three Jewels); four obligations; (surname) Shion four kinds of compassion |
四禪 四禅 see styles |
sì chán si4 chan2 ssu ch`an ssu chan shizen |
(四禪天) The four dhyāna heavens, 四靜慮 (四靜慮天), i. e. the division of the eighteen brahmalokas into four dhyānas: the disciple attains to one of these heavens according to the dhyāna he observes: (1) 初禪天 The first region, 'as large as one whole universe' comprises the three heavens, Brahma-pāriṣadya, Brahma-purohita, and Mahābrahma, 梵輔, 梵衆, and 大梵天; the inhabitants are without gustatory or olfactory organs, not needing food, but possess the other four of the six organs. (2) 二禪天 The second region, equal to 'a small chiliocosmos' 小千界, comprises the three heavens, according to Eitel, 'Parīttābha, Apramāṇābha, and Ābhāsvara, ' i. e. 少光 minor light, 無量光 infinite light, and 極光淨 utmost light purity; the inhabitants have ceased to require the five physical organs, possessing only the organ of mind. (3) 三禪天 The third region, equal to 'a middling chiliocosmos '中千界, comprises three heavens; Eitel gives them as Parīttaśubha, Apramāṇaśubha, and Śubhakṛtsna, i. e. 少淨 minor purity, 無量淨 infinite purity, and 徧淨 universal purity; the inhabitants still have the organ of mind and are receptive of great joy. (4) 四禪天 The fourth region, equal to a great chiliocosmos, 大千界, comprises the remaining nine brahmalokas, namely, Puṇyaprasava, Anabhraka, Bṛhatphala, Asañjñisattva, Avṛha, Atapa, Sudṛśa, Sudarśana, and Akaniṣṭha (Eitel). The Chinese titles are 福生 felicitous birth, 無雲 cloudless, 廣果 large fruitage, 無煩 no vexations, atapa is 無熱 no heat, sudṛśa is 善見 beautiful to see, sudarśana is 善現 beautiful appearing, two others are 色究竟 the end of form, and 無想天 the heaven above thought, but it is difficult to trace avṛha and akaniṣṭha; the inhabitants of this fourth region still have mind. The number of the dhyāna heavens differs; the Sarvāstivādins say 16, the 經 or Sutra school 17, and the Sthavirāḥ school 18. Eitel points out that the first dhyāna has one world with one moon, one mem, four continents, and six devalokas; the second dhyāna has 1, 000 times the worlds of the first; the third has 1, 000 times the worlds of the second; the fourth dhyāna has 1, 000 times those of the third. Within a kalpa of destruction 壞劫 the first is destroyed fifty-six times by fire, the second seven by water, the third once by wind, the fourth 'corresponding to a state of absolute indifference' remains 'untouched' by all the other evolutions; when 'fate (天命) comes to an end then the fourth dhyāna may come to an end too, but not sooner'. |
四等 see styles |
sì děng si4 deng3 ssu teng shitō |
The four virtues which a Buddha out of his infinite heart manifests equally to all; also called 四無量 q. w. They are: 慈悲喜捨 maitrī, karuṇā, muditā, upekṣā, i. e. kindness, pity, joy and indifference, or 護 protection. Another group is 字語法身, i. e. 字 that all Buddhas have the same title or titles; 語 speak the same language; 法 proclaim the same truth; and 身 have each the threefold body, or trikāya. A third group is 諸法 all things are equally included in the bhūtatathatā; 發心 the mind-nature being universal, its field of action is universal; 道等 the way or method is also universal; therefore 慈悲 the mercy (of the Buddhas) is universal for all. |
四蛇 see styles |
sì shé si4 she2 ssu she shida |
idem 四毒蛇. The Fanyimingyi under this heading gives the parable of a man who fled from the two bewildering forms of life and death, and climbed down a rope (of life) 命根, into the well of impermanence 無常, where two mice, night and day, gnawed the rattan rope; on the four sides four snakes 四蛇 sought to poison him, i. e. the 四大 or four elements of his physical nature); below were three dragons 三毒龍 breathing fire and trying to seize him. On looking up he saw that two 象 elephants (darkness and light) had come to the mouth of the well; he was in despair, when a bee flew by and dropped some honey (the five desires 五欲) into his mouth, which he ate and entirely forgot his peril. |
因相 see styles |
yīn xiàng yin1 xiang4 yin hsiang insō |
Causation; one of the three forms or characteristics of the ālayavijñāna, the character of the origin of all things. |
圍繞 围绕 see styles |
wéi rào wei2 rao4 wei jao inyō |
to revolve around; to center on (an issue) To surround, go round; especially to make three complete turns to the right round an image of Buddha. |
圓修 圆修 see styles |
yuán xiū yuan2 xiu1 yüan hsiu enshu |
(1) TO observe the complete Tiantai meditation, at one and the same time to comprehend the three ideas of 空假中 q.v. (2) To keep all the commandments perfectly. |
圓教 圆教 see styles |
yuán jiào yuan2 jiao4 yüan chiao engyō |
The complete, perfect, or comprehensive doctrine; the school or sect of Mahāyāna which represents it. The term has had three references. The first was by 光統 Guangtong of the Later Wei, sixth century, who defined three schools, 漸 gradual, 頓 immediate, and 圓 inclusive or complete. The Tiantai called its fourth section the inclusive, complete, or perfect teaching 圓, the other three being 三藏 Hīnayāna, 通 Mahāyāna-cum-Hīnayāna, 別 Mahāyāna. The Huayan so called its fifth section, i.e. 小乘; 大乘始; 大乘終; 頓 and 圓. It is the Tiantai version that is in general acceptance, defined as a perfect whole and as complete in its parts; for the whole is the absolute and its parts are therefore the absolute; the two may be called noumenon and phenomenon, or 空 and 假 (or 俗), but in reality they are one, i.e. the 中 medial condition. To conceive these three as a whole is the Tiantai inclusive or 'perfect' doctrine. The Huayan 'perfect' doctrine also taught that unity and differentiation, or absolute and relative, were one, a similar doctrine to that of the identity of contraries. In Tiantai teaching the harmony is due to its underlying unity; its completeness to the permeation of this unity in all phenomena; these two are united in the medial 中 principle; to comprehend these three principles at one and the same time is the complete, all-containing, or 'perfect' doctrine of Tiantai. There are other definitions of the all-inclusive doctrine, e.g. the eight complete things, complete in teaching, principles, knowledge, etc. 圓教四門 v. 四門. |
圓斷 圆断 see styles |
yuán duàn yuan2 duan4 yüan tuan endan |
The Tiantai doctrine of the complete cutting off, at one remove, of the three illusions, i.e. 見思 associated with 空; 塵沙 with 假; and 無明 with 中; q. v. |
圓道 圆道 see styles |
yuán dào yuan2 dao4 yüan tao endou / endo えんどう |
(surname) Endō The perfect way (of the three principles of Tiantai, v. above). |
圓頓 圆顿 see styles |
yuán dùn yuan2 dun4 yüan tun enton |
Complete and immediate, i.e. to comprehend the three principles 空假中 at one and the same time, cf. 圓教. |
地皇 see styles |
dì huáng di4 huang2 ti huang |
Earthly Sovereign, one of the three legendary sovereigns 三皇[san1 huang2] |
堅法 坚法 see styles |
jiān fǎ jian1 fa3 chien fa kenpō |
The three things assured to the faithful (in reincarnation)—a good body, long life, and boundless wealth. |
報沙 报沙 see styles |
bào shā bao4 sha1 pao sha Hōsha |
Pauṣa, the first of the three Indian winter months, from the 16th of the 10th Chinese month. |
塵沙 尘沙 see styles |
chén shā chen2 sha1 ch`en sha chen sha jinja |
Dust and sand, i.e. numberless as the atoms. Tiantai uses the term as one of the three illusions, i.e. the trial of the bodhisattva in facing the vast amount of detail in knowledge and operation required for his task of saving the world. |
士族 see styles |
shì zú shi4 zu2 shih tsu shizoku しぞく |
land-owning class, esp. during Wei, Jin and North-South dynasties 魏晉南北朝|魏晋南北朝[Wei4 Jin4 Nan2 Bei3 Chao2] (1) family of samurai lineage; person with samurai ancestors; (2) (hist) (See 族称) shizoku; the second of three official classes in Japan in 1869-1947, consisting of former samurai |
外線 外线 see styles |
wài xiàn wai4 xian4 wai hsien gaisen がいせん |
(military) line of troops encircling an enemy position; (telephony) outside line; (basketball) outside the three-point line outside telephone line; outer circle |
外道 see styles |
wài dào wai4 dao4 wai tao gedou / gedo げどう |
(1) {Buddh} (See 内道) tirthika; non-Buddhist teachings; non-Buddhist; (2) heterodoxy; unorthodoxy; heresy; heretic; (3) (oft. used as a pejorative) demon; devil; fiend; brute; wretch; (4) type of fish one did not intend to catch; (person) Gedō Outside doctrines; non-Buddhist; heresy, heretics; the Tīrthyas or Tīrthikas; there are many groups of these: that of the 二天三仙 two devas and three sages, i. e. the Viṣṇuites, the Maheśvarites (or Śivaites), and the followers of Kapila, Ulūka, and Ṛṣabha. Another group of four is given as Kapila, Ulūka, Nirgrantha-putra (Jainas), and Jñātṛ (Jainas). A group of six, known as the外道六師 six heretical masters, is Pūraṇa-Kāśyapa, Maskari-Gośālīputra, Sañjaya-Vairāṭīputra, Ajita-Keśakambala, Kakuda-Kātyāyana, and Nirgrantha-Jñātṛputra; there are also two other groupings of six, one of them indicative of their various forms of asceticism and self-torture. There are also groups of 13, 1, 20, 30, 95, and 96 heretics, or forms of non-Buddhist doctrine, the 95 being divided into 11 classes, beginning with the Saṃkhyā philosophy and ending with that of no-cause, or existence as accidental. |
多齡 多龄 see styles |
duō líng duo1 ling2 to ling Tarei |
(多齡路迦也吠闍也); 帝隷 etc. Trailokyavijaya, one of the 明王 Ming Wang, the term being tr. literally as 三世降 (明王) the Ming-Wang defeater (of evil) in the three spheres. |
大乘 see styles |
dà shèng da4 sheng4 ta sheng oonori おおのり |
Mahayana, the Great Vehicle; Buddhism based on the Mayahana sutras, as spread to Central Asia, China and beyond; also pr. [Da4 cheng2] (surname) Oonori Mahāyāna; also called 上乘; 妙乘; 勝乘; 無上乘; 無上上乘; 不惡乘; 無等乘, 無等等乘; 摩訶衍 The great yāna, wain, or conveyance, or the greater vehicle in comparison with the 小乘 Hīnayāna. It indicates universalism, or Salvation for all, for all are Buddha and will attain bodhi. It is the form of Buddhism prevalent in Tibet, Mongolia, China, Korea, Japan, and in other places in the Far East. It is also called Northern Buddhism. It is interpreted as 大教 the greater teaching as compared with 小教 the smaller, or inferior. Hīnayāna, which is undoubtedly nearer to the original teaching of the Buddha, is unfairly described as an endeavour to seek nirvana through an ash-covered body, an extinguished intellect, and solitariness; its followers are sravakas and pratyekabuddhas (i.e. those who are striving for their own deliverance through ascetic works). Mahāyāna, on the other hand, is described as seeking to find and extend all knowledge, and, in certain schools, to lead all to Buddhahood. It has a conception of an Eternal Buddha, or Buddhahood as Eternal (Adi-Buddha), but its especial doctrines are, inter alia, (a) the bodhisattvas 菩薩 , i.e. beings who deny themselves final Nirvana until, according to their vows, they have first saved all the living; (b) salvation by faith in, or invocation of the Buddhas or bodhisattvas; (c) Paradise as a nirvana of bliss in the company of Buddhas, bodhisattvas, saints, and believers. Hīnayāna is sometimes described as 自利 self-benefiting, and Mahāyāna as 自利利他 self-benefit for the benefit of others, unlimited altruism and pity being the theory of Mahāyāna. There is a further division into one-yana and three-yanas: the trīyāna may be śrāvaka, pratyeka-buddha, and bodhisattva, represented by a goat, deer, or bullock cart; the one-yāna is that represented by the Lotus School as the one doctrine of the Buddha, which had been variously taught by him according to the capacity of his hearers, v. 方便. Though Mahāyāna tendencies are seen in later forms of the older Buddhism, the foundation of Mahāyāna has been attributed to Nāgārjuna 龍樹. "The characteristics of this system are an excess of transcendental speculation tending to abstract nihilism, and the substitution of fanciful degrees of meditation and contemplation (v. Samādhi and Dhyāna) in place of the practical asceticism of the Hīnayāna school."[Eitel 68-9.] Two of its foundation books are the 起信論and the 妙法蓮華經 but a larnge numberof Mahāyāna sutras are ascribed to the Buddha。. |
大保 see styles |
daibo だいぼ |
(1) Grand Protector (lowest of the top three civil positions of the Zhou Dynasty); (2) Minister of the Right (official in Nara and Heian periods); (surname) Daibo |
大專 大专 see styles |
dà zhuān da4 zhuan1 ta chuan |
three-year college; junior college; professional training college |
大本 see styles |
dà běn da4 ben3 ta pen daimoto だいもと |
foundation; basic principles; (surname) Daimoto The great, chief, or fundamental book or text. Tiantai takes the 無量壽經 as the major of the three Pure Land sutras, and the 阿彌陀經 as the 小本 minor. |
大橋 大桥 see styles |
dà qiáo da4 qiao2 ta ch`iao ta chiao kiohashi きおはし |
Da Qiao, one of the Two Qiaos, according to Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義|三国演义[San1 guo2 Yan3 yi4], the two great beauties of ancient China large bridge; big bridge; (surname) Kiohashi |
大路 see styles |
dà lù da4 lu4 ta lu hiromichi ひろみち |
avenue; CL:條|条[tiao2] (1) (See 小路・こうじ) main street (esp. in a capital); main thoroughfare; (2) (たいろ only) (archaism) most important of the three classes of highway (ritsuryō period); (surname) Hiromichi |
大雅 see styles |
dà yǎ da4 ya3 ta ya hiromasa ひろまさ |
one of the three main divisions of the Book of Songs 詩經|诗经 (See 雅・2) major festal song (subgenre of the Shi Jing); (given name) Hiromasa |
天樂 天乐 see styles |
tiān lè tian1 le4 t`ien le tien le tengaku |
Heavenly music, the music of the inhabitants of the heavens. Also one of the three 'joys'— that of those in the heavens. |
天罡 see styles |
tiān gāng tian1 gang1 t`ien kang tien kang |
(old) the Big Dipper; (old) collective name for the three stars that form the handle of the Big Dipper |
天鼓 see styles |
tiān gǔ tian1 gu3 t`ien ku tien ku tenko てんこ |
(given name) Tenko The deva drum— in the 善法 Good Law Hall of the Trayas-triṃśas heavens, which sounds of itself, warning the inhabitants of the thirty-three heavens that even their life is impermanent and subject to karma: at the sound of the drum Indra preaches against excess. Hence it is a title of Buddha as the great law-drum, who warns, exhorts, and encourages the good and frightens the evil and the demons. |
太保 see styles |
tài bǎo tai4 bao3 t`ai pao tai pao taibao タイバオ |
a very high official in ancient China; juvenile delinquents (1) Grand Protector (lowest of the top three civil positions of the Zhou Dynasty); (2) Minister of the Right (official in Nara and Heian periods); (place-name) Taibao (Taiwan) |
太傅 see styles |
taifu たいふ |
(1) Grand Tutor (second of the top three civil positions of the Zhou dynasty); (2) (See 左大臣) Minister of the Left (official in Nara and Heian periods) |
太師 太师 see styles |
tài shī tai4 shi1 t`ai shih tai shih taishi たいし |
imperial tutor (1) Senior Grand Tutor (senior-most of the top three civil positions of the Zhou Dynasty); (2) Grand Minister; Chancellor of the Realm |
奇特 see styles |
qí tè qi2 te4 ch`i t`e chi te kitoku; kidoku きとく; きどく |
peculiar; unusual; queer (noun or adjectival noun) (1) praiseworthy; commendable; laudable; (adjectival noun) (2) (colloquialism) (non-standard usage) strange (person); weird; odd Wonderful, rare, special, the three incomparable kinds of 神通奇特 power to convert all beings, 慧心奇特 Buddha-wisdom, and 攝受奇特Buddha-power to attract and save all beings. |
妙觀 妙观 see styles |
miào guān miao4 guan1 miao kuan myōkan |
The wonderful system of the three Tiantai meditations; v. 三諦, 三觀. |
娑婆 see styles |
suō pó suo1 po2 so p`o so po shaba; shaba しゃば; シャバ |
(1) this world; this life; (2) (kana only) (colloquialism) the free world (outside of prison, the army, red light district, etc.); (3) {Buddh} this corrupt world; present world sahā; that which bears, the earth, v. 地; intp. as bearing, enduring; the place of good and evil; a universe, or great chiliocosm, Where all are subject to transmigration and which a Buddha transforms; it is divided into three regions 三界 and Mahābrahmā Sahāmpati is its lord. Other forms: 娑婆世界; 娑界; 娑媻; 娑訶; 沙訶; 索訶. |
孔融 see styles |
kǒng róng kong3 rong2 k`ung jung kung jung |
Kong Rong (153-208), poet of the Three Kingdoms period |
季子 see styles |
jì zǐ ji4 zi3 chi tzu yoshiko よしこ |
youngest brother; a period of two or three months last child; (female given name) Yoshiko |
季經 季经 see styles |
jì jīng ji4 jing1 chi ching |
(coll.) menstruation that comes only once every three months |
孫堅 孙坚 see styles |
sūn jiān sun1 jian1 sun chien sonken そんけん |
Sun Jian (155-191), famous general at end of Han dynasty, forerunner of the southern kingdom of Wu of the Three Kingdoms (personal name) Sonken |
孫權 孙权 see styles |
sūn quán sun1 quan2 sun ch`üan sun chüan |
Sun Quan (reigned 222-252), southern warlord and king of state of Wu 吳|吴[Wu2] in the Three Kingdoms period |
孫誅 孙诛 see styles |
sūn zhū sun1 zhu1 sun chu |
Sun Zhu (1711-1778), poet and compiler of Three Hundred Tang Poems 唐詩三百首|唐诗三百首[Tang2 shi1 San1 bai3 Shou3]; also known by assumed name 蘅塘退士[Heng2 tang2 Tui4 shi4] |
安居 see styles |
ān jū an1 ju1 an chü yasuoki やすおき |
to settle down; to live peacefully (n,vs,vi) {Buddh} varsika (meditation retreat; usu. for 90 days starting on the 15th day of the 4th month of the lunisolar calendar); (given name) Yasuoki Tranquil dwelling. varṣā, varṣās, or varṣāvasāna. A retreat during the three months of the Indian rainy season, and also, say some, in the depth of winter. During the rains it was 'difficult to move without injuring insect life'. But the object was for study and meditation. In Tokhara the retreat is said to have been in winter, from the middle of the 12th to the middle of the 3rd moon; in India from the middle of the 5th to the 8th, or the 6th to the 9th moons; usually from Śrāvaṇa, Chinese 5th moon, to Aśvayuja, Chinese 8th moon; but the 16th of the 4th to the 15th of the 7th moon has been the common period in China and Japan. The two annual periods are sometimes called 坐 夏 and 坐 臘 sitting or resting for the summer and for the end of the year. The period is divided into three sections, former, middle, and latter, each of a month. |
宗派 see styles |
zōng pài zong1 pai4 tsung p`ai tsung pai shuuha / shuha しゅうは |
sect (1) sect; denomination; (2) school (e.g. of poetry) Sects (of Buddhism). In India, according to Chinese accounts, the two schools of Hīnayāna became divided into twentysects. Mahāyāna had two main schools, the Mādhyamika, ascribed to Nāgārjunaand Āryadeva about the second century A. D., and the Yogācārya, ascribed toAsaṅga and Vasubandhu in the fourth century A. D. In China thirteen sectswere founded: (1) 倶舍宗 Abhidharma or Kośa sect, representing Hīnayāna,based upon the Abhidharma-kosa-śāstra or 倶舍論. (2) 成實宗 Satyasiddhi sect, based on the 成實論 Satyasiddhi-śāstra,tr. by Kumārajīva; no sect corresponds to it in India; in China and Japan itbecame incorporated in the 三論宗. (3) 律宗 Vinaya or Discipline sect, basedon 十誦律, 四分律, 僧祗律, etc. (4) 三論宗 The three śāstra sect, based on theMādhyamika-śāstra 中觀論 of Nāgārjuna, theSata-śāstra 百論 of Āryadeva, and theDvādasa-nikāya-śāstra 十二門論 of Nāgārjuna; this schooldates back to the translation of the three śāstras by Kumārajīva in A. D. 409. (5) 涅槃宗 Nirvāṇasect, based upon the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra 涅槃經 tr. byDharmaraksa in 423; later incorporated in Tiantai, with which it had much incommon. (6) 地論宗 Daśabhūmikā sect, based on Vasubandhu's work on the tenstages of the bodhisattva's path to Buddhahood, tr. by Bodhiruci 508,absorbed by the Avataṃsaka school, infra. (7) 淨土宗 Pure-land or Sukhāvatīsect, founded in China by Bodhiruci; its doctrine was salvation throughfaith in Amitābha into the Western Paradise. (8) 禪宗 dhyāna, meditative or intuitional sect, attributed toBodhidharma about A. D. 527, but it existed before he came to China. (9) 攝論宗, based upon the 攝大乘論 Mahāyāna-saṃparigraha-śāstra byAsaṅga, tr. by Paramārtha in 563, subsequently absorbed by the Avataṃsakasect. (10) 天台宗 Tiantai, based on the 法華經 SaddharmapuṇḍarīkaSūtra, or the Lotus of the Good Law; it is aconsummation of the Mādhyamika tradition. (11) 華嚴宗 Avataṃsaka sect, basedon the Buddhāvataṃsaka-sūtra, or Gandha-vyūha 華嚴經 tr. in 418. (12) 法相宗 Dharmalakṣaṇa sect, established after thereturn of Xuanzang from India and his trans. of the important Yogācāryaworks. (13) 眞言宗 Mantra sect, A. D. 716. In Japan twelve sects are named:Sanron, Hossō, Kegon, Kusha, Jōjitsu, Ritsu, Tendai, Shingon; these areknown as the ancient sects, the two last being styled mediaeval; therefollow the Zen and Jōdo; the remaining two are Shin and Nichiren; at presentthere are the Hossō, Kegon, Tendai, Shingon, Zen, Jōdo, Shin, and Nichirensects. |
定學 定学 see styles |
dìng xué ding4 xue2 ting hsüeh jōgaku |
Learning through meditation, one of the three forms of learning 三學. |
寶印 宝印 see styles |
bǎo yìn bao3 yin4 pao yin hōin |
Precious seal, or symbol. (1) The second of the triratna, i.e. 法寶. (2) The three evidences of the genuineness of a sutra, v. 三法印. (3) The symbols of buddhas, or bodhisattvas. (4) Their magical 種子, i.e. germ-letters, or sounds. |
小乘 see styles |
xiǎo shèng xiao3 sheng4 hsiao sheng shōjō |
Hinayana, the Lesser Vehicle; Buddhism in India before the Mayahana sutras; also pr. [Xiao3 cheng2] Hīnayāna 希那衍. The small, or inferior wain, or vehicle; the form of Buddhism which developed after Śākyamuni's death to about the beginning of the Christian era, when Mahāyāna doctrines were introduced. It is the orthodox school and more in direct line with the Buddhist succession than Mahāyānism which developed on lines fundamentally different. The Buddha was a spiritual doctor, less interested in philosophy than in the remedy for human misery and perpetual transmigration. He "turned aside from idle metaphysical speculations; if he held views on such topics, he deemed them valueless for the purposes of salvation, which was his goal" (Keith). Metaphysical speculations arose after his death, and naturally developed into a variety of Hīnayāna schools before and after the separation of a distinct school of Mahāyāna. Hīnayāna remains the form in Ceylon, Burma, and Siam, hence is known as Southern Buddhism in contrast with Northern Buddhism or Mahāyāna, the form chiefly prevalent from Nepal to Japan. Another rough division is that of Pali and Sanskrit, Pali being the general literary language of the surviving form of Hīnayāna, Sanskrit of Mahāyāna. The term Hīnayāna is of Mahāyānist origination to emphasize the universalism and altruism of Mahāyāna over the narrower personal salvation of its rival. According to Mahāyāna teaching its own aim is universal Buddhahood, which means the utmost development of wisdom and the perfect transformation of all the living in the future state; it declares that Hīnayāna, aiming at arhatship and pratyekabuddhahood, seeks the destruction of body and mind and extinction in nirvāṇa. For arhatship the 四諦Four Noble Truths are the foundation teaching, for pratyekabuddhahood the 十二因緣 twelve-nidānas, and these two are therefore sometimes styled the two vehicles 二乘. Tiantai sometimes calls them the (Hīnayāna) Tripiṭaka school. Three of the eighteen Hīnayāna schools were transported to China: 倶舍 (Abhidharma) Kośa; 成實 Satya-siddhi; and the school of Harivarman, the律 Vinaya school. These are described by Mahāyānists as the Buddha's adaptable way of meeting the questions and capacity of his hearers, though his own mind is spoken of as always being in the absolute Mahāyāna all-embracing realm. Such is the Mahāyāna view of Hīnayāna, and if the Vaipulya sūtras and special scriptures of their school, which are repudiated by Hīnayāna, are apocryphal, of which there seems no doubt, then Mahāyāna in condemning Hīnayāna must find other support for its claim to orthodoxy. The sūtras on which it chiefly relies, as regards the Buddha, have no authenticity; while those of Hīnayāna cannot be accepted as his veritable teaching in the absence of fundamental research. Hīnayāna is said to have first been divided into minority and majority sections immediately after the death of Śākyamuni, when the sthāvira, or older disciples, remained in what is spoken of as "the cave", some place at Rājagṛha, to settle the future of the order, and the general body of disciples remained outside; these two are the first 上坐部 and 大衆部 q. v. The first doctrinal division is reported to have taken place under the leadership of the monk 大天 Mahādeva (q.v.) a hundred years after the Buddha's nirvāṇa and during the reign of Aśoka; his reign, however, has been placed later than this by historians. Mahādeva's sect became the Mahāsāṅghikā, the other the Sthāvira. In time the two are said to have divided into eighteen, which with the two originals are the so-called "twenty sects" of Hīnayāna. Another division of four sects, referred to by Yijing, is that of the 大衆部 (Arya) Mahāsaṅghanikāya, 上座部 Āryasthavirāḥ, 根本說一切有部 Mūlasarvāstivādaḥ, and 正量部 Saṃmatīyāḥ. There is still another division of five sects, 五部律. For the eighteen Hīnayāna sects see 小乘十八部. |
小橋 小桥 see styles |
xiǎo qiáo xiao3 qiao2 hsiao ch`iao hsiao chiao kobayashi こばやし |
Xiao Qiao, one of the Two Qiaos, according to Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義|三国演义[San1 guo2 Yan3 yi4], the two great beauties of ancient China (surname) Kobayashi |
小雅 see styles |
xiǎo yǎ xiao3 ya3 hsiao ya shouga / shoga しょうが |
one of the three main divisions of the Book of Songs 詩經|诗经 (See 雅・が・2) minor festal song (subgenre of the Shi Jing) |
居經 居经 see styles |
jū jīng ju1 jing1 chü ching |
(TCM) menstruation that comes only once every three months |
展開 展开 see styles |
zhǎn kāi zhan3 kai1 chan k`ai chan kai tenkai てんかい |
to unfold; to spread out; to open up; to launch; to carry out (n,vs,vt,vi) (1) development; evolution; progression; unfolding; (plot) twist; (n,vs,vt,vi) (2) expansion; spreading out; extending; deployment; building up; (n,vs,vt,vi) (3) {math} expansion (of an algebraic expression); (n,vs,vt,vi) (4) {math} development (of a three-dimensional shape); (n,vs,vt,vi) (5) {comp} extraction (of compressed data); decompression; unpacking; (noun, transitive verb) (6) {bus} sharing (information) |
巫峽 巫峡 see styles |
wū xiá wu1 xia2 wu hsia |
Wuxia Gorge on the Changjiang or Yangtze, the middle of the Three Gorges 三峽|三峡[San1 Xia2] |
巻く see styles |
maku まく |
(transitive verb) (1) to wind; to coil; to roll; to wear (e.g. turban, scarf); (2) to envelope; to shroud; (3) to outflank; to skirt; (4) to link (verse); (v5k,vi) (5) to move ahead (three hours, etc.); to move up |
帝釋 帝释 see styles |
dì shì di4 shi4 ti shih taishaku たいしゃく |
(surname) Taishaku Sovereign Śakra; Indra; 能天帝 mighty lord of devas; Lord of the Trayastriṃśas, i.e. the thirty-three heavens 三十三天 q. v.; he is also styled 釋迦提桓因陀羅 (or 釋迦提婆因陀羅) (or 釋迦提桓因達羅 or 釋迦提婆因達羅); 釋帝桓因 Śakra-devānām Indra. |
平句 see styles |
hiraku ひらく |
ordinary verse of a renga (i.e. not the first three verses or the last verse) |
平民 see styles |
píng mín ping2 min2 p`ing min ping min heimin / hemin へいみん |
ordinary people; commoner (contrasted with the privileged); civilian (contrasted with the military) (1) commoner; plebeian; (2) (hist) (See 族称) commoner (in Japan between 1869 and 1947; the lowest of the three classes); (given name) Heimin |
底哩 see styles |
dǐ lī di3 li1 ti li teiri |
tri, three, in trisamaya, etc. |
府試 府试 see styles |
fǔ shì fu3 shi4 fu shih |
prefectural exam, the 2nd of the three entry-level exams in the imperial examination system of Ming and Qing dynasties |
廣雅 广雅 see styles |
guǎng yǎ guang3 ya3 kuang ya |
earliest extant Chinese encyclopedia from Wei of the Three Kingdoms, 3rd century, modeled on Erya 爾雅|尔雅[Er3 ya3], 18150 entries |
張三 张三 see styles |
zhāng sān zhang1 san1 chang san chouzou / chozo ちょうぞう |
Zhang San, name for an unspecified person, first of a series of three: 張三|张三[Zhang1 San1], 李四[Li3 Si4], 王五[Wang2 Wu3] Tom, Dick and Harry; (dialect) wolf (given name) Chōzou |
張揖 张揖 see styles |
zhāng yī zhang1 yi1 chang i |
Zhang Yi (c. 3rd century), literary figure from Wei of the Three Kingdoms, other name 稚讓|稚让[Zhi4 rang4], named as compiler of earliest extant Chinese encyclopedia 廣雅|广雅[Guang3 ya3] and several lost works |
彡旁 see styles |
sanzukuri さんづくり |
(kana only) kanji "three" or "hair ornament" radical at right |
後唄 后呗 see styles |
hòu bài hou4 bai4 hou pai gobai |
The third of the three chants in praise of Buddha. |
徒人 see styles |
zunin ずにん |
(archaism) (hist) (See 徒・ず) prisoner (for one to three years under the ritsuryō system) |
心佛 see styles |
xīn fó xin1 fo2 hsin fo shinbutsu |
The Buddha within the heart: from mind is Buddha hood: the Buddha revealed in or to the mind; the mind is Buddha. 心佛及衆生, 是三無差別 The mind, Buddha, and all the living — there is no difference between the three. i. e. all are of the same order. This is an important doctrine of the 華嚴經 Huayan sutra, cf. its 夜摩天宮品; by Tiantai it is called 三法妙 the mystery of the three things. |
心作 see styles |
xīn zuò xin1 zuo4 hsin tso shinsaku しんさく |
(given name) Shinsaku The karmic activity of the mind, the 意業 of the three agents, body, mouth, and mind. |
心咒 see styles |
xīn zhòu xin1 zhou4 hsin chou shinju |
One of the three classes of spells, idem 一字咒. |
心地 see styles |
xīn dì xin1 di4 hsin ti kokochi ここち |
character (1) feeling; sensation; mood; (suffix) (2) (usu. after -masu stem of verb; read as ごこち) sensation of doing Mind, from which all things spīng; the mental ground, or condition; also used for 意 the third of the three agents-body, mouth, mind. |
念仏 see styles |
nenbutsu ねんぶつ |
(n,vs,vi) (1) {Buddh} (See 南無阿弥陀仏) nembutsu; nianfo; the three-word invocation "Namu Amida Butsu" dedicated to the Amitabha Buddha; (n,vs,vi) (2) {Buddh} visualizing a Buddha (in one's mind); (place-name, surname) Nenbutsu |
忿怒 see styles |
fèn nù fen4 nu4 fen nu funnu ふんぬ |
variant of 憤怒|愤怒[fen4 nu4] (n,adj-no,vs) anger; rage; resentment; indignation; exasperation Anger, angry, fierce, over-awing: a term for the 忿王 or 忿怒王 (忿怒明王) the fierce mahārājas as opponents of evil and guardians of Buddhism; one of the two bodhisattva forms, resisting evil, in contrast with the other form, manifesting goodness. There are three forms of this fierceness in the Garbhadhātu group and five in the Diamond group. |
悲田 see styles |
bēi tián bei1 tian2 pei t`ien pei tien hiden |
The field of pity, cultivated by helping those in trouble, one of the three fields of blessing. |
惡道 恶道 see styles |
è dào e4 dao4 o tao akudō |
Evil ways; also the three evil paths or destinies— animals, pretas, and purgatory. |
意三 see styles |
yì sān yi4 san1 i san shinzou / shinzo しんぞう |
(personal name) Shinzou The three evils which belong to intellect — lobha, dveṣa, moha, i.e. desire, dislike, delusion. |
慈姑 see styles |
cí gu ci2 gu5 tz`u ku tzu ku kuwai; kuwai くわい; クワイ |
arrowhead (Sagittaria subulata, a water plant) (kana only) Sagittaria trifolia var. edulis (edible variant of threeleaf arrowhead) |
戌陀 see styles |
xū tuó xu1 tuo2 hsü t`o hsü to juda |
戌達; 戌陀羅 (or 戌捺羅 or戌怛羅) śūdra, the fourth or servile caste, whose duty is to serve the three higher castes. |
戒學 戒学 see styles |
jiè xué jie4 xue2 chieh hsüeh kaigaku |
The study of the rules or discipline; one of the three departments 三學, the other two being meditation and philosophy. |
抬秤 see styles |
tái chèng tai2 cheng4 t`ai ch`eng tai cheng |
large steelyard usu. operated by three people – two to lift it using a pole, and one to adjust the counterweight |
捲く see styles |
maku まく |
(transitive verb) (1) to wind; to coil; to roll; to wear (e.g. turban, scarf); (2) to envelope; to shroud; (3) to outflank; to skirt; (4) to link (verse); (v5k,vi) (5) to move ahead (three hours, etc.); to move up |
掛声 see styles |
kakegoe かけごえ |
(noun/participle) yell used to time or encourage activity (e.g. "Heave ho!", "On three ... One, two, three!" in English); enthusiastic shout from the audience (e.g. in kabuki); shouting (in concerts) |
擯治 摈治 see styles |
bìn zhì bin4 zhi4 pin chih hinji |
The punishment of expulsion, which is of three orders: (1) 擯出 expulsion from a particular monastery or nunnery, to which there may be a return on repentance; (2) 默擯 prohibition of any intercourse; (3) 滅擯 entire expulsion and deletion from the order. |
支郞 see styles |
zhī láng zhi1 lang2 chih lang shirō |
Chih-lang, formerly a polite term for a monk, said to have arisen from the fame of the three 支 Chih of the Wei dynasty 支謙 Chih-ch'ien, 支讖 Chih-ch'an, and 支亮 Chih-liang. |
新羅 新罗 see styles |
xīn luó xin1 luo2 hsin lo nira にら |
Silla, Korean kingdom that existed between 57 BC – 935 AD, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, later allied with Tang China to defeat its rivals Baekje 百濟|百济[Bai3 ji4] and Goguryeo 高句麗|高句丽[Gao1 gou1 li2] to form Unified Silla; see 新羅區|新罗区[Xin1 luo2 Qu1] (hist) (See 三国・3) Silla (ancient Korean kingdom; 57 BCE-935 CE); (surname) Nira Silla |
斷德 断德 see styles |
duàn dé duan4 de2 tuan te dantoku |
The power or virtue of bringing to an end all passion and illusion—one of the three powers of a buddha. |
方便 see styles |
fāng biàn fang1 bian4 fang pien houben / hoben ほうべん |
convenient; suitable; to facilitate; to make things easy; having money to spare; (euphemism) to relieve oneself (1) means; expedient; instrument; (2) {Buddh} upaya (skillful means, methods of teaching); (surname) Houben upāya. Convenient to the place, or situation, suited to the condition, opportune, appropriate; but 方 is interpreted as 方法 method, mode, plan, and 便 as 便用 convenient for use, i. e. a convenient or expedient method; also 方 as 方正 and 便 as 巧妙, which implies strategically correct. It is also intp. as 權道智 partial, temporary, or relative (teaching of) knowledge of reality, in contrast with 般若智 prajñā, and 眞實 absolute truth, or reality instead of the seeming. The term is a translation of 傴和 upāya, a mode of approach, an expedient, stratagem, device. The meaning is— teaching according to the capacity of the hearer, by any suitable method, including that of device or stratagem, but expedience beneficial to the recipient is understood. Mahāyāna claims that the Buddha used this expedient or partial method in his teaching until near the end of his days, when he enlarged it to the revelation of reality, or the preaching of his final and complete truth; Hīnayāna with reason denies this, and it is evident that the Mahāyāna claim has no foundation, for the whole of its 方等 or 方廣 scriptures are of later invention. Tiantai speaks of the 三乘 q. v. or Three Vehicles as 方便 expedient or partial revelations, and of its 一乘 or One Vehicle as the complete revelation of universal Buddhahood. This is the teaching of the Lotus Sutra, which itself contains 方便 teaching to lead up to the full revelation; hence the terms 體内 (or 同體 ) 方便, i. e. expedient or partial truths within the full revelation, meaning the expedient part of the Lotus, and 體外方便 the expedient or partial truths of the teaching which preceded the Lotus; see the 方便品 of that work, also the second chapter of the 維摩經. 方便 is also the seventh of the ten pāramitās. |
日曜 see styles |
rì yào ri4 yao4 jih yao nichiyou / nichiyo にちよう |
(See 日曜日) Sunday The sun, one of the nine 曜 luminaries; one of the retinue of 日天 shown in the eastern part of the Garbhadhātu group driving three horses. |
Entries with 2nd row of characters: The 2nd row is Simplified Chinese.
This page contains 100 results for "Three" in Chinese and/or Japanese.Information about this dictionary:
Apparently, we were the first ones who were crazy enough to think that western people might want a combined Chinese, Japanese, and Buddhist dictionary.
A lot of westerners can't tell the difference between Chinese and Japanese - and there is a reason for that. Chinese characters and even whole words were borrowed by Japan from the Chinese language in the 5th century. Much of the time, if a word or character is used in both languages, it will have the same or a similar meaning. However, this is not always true. Language evolves, and meanings independently change in each language.
Example: The Chinese character 湯 for soup (hot water) has come to mean bath (hot water) in Japanese. They have the same root meaning of "hot water", but a 湯屋 sign on a bathhouse in Japan would lead a Chinese person to think it was a "soup house" or a place to get a bowl of soup. See this: Japanese Bath House
This dictionary uses the EDICT and CC-CEDICT dictionary files.
EDICT data is the property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, and is used in conformance with the Group's
license.
Chinese Buddhist terms come from Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms by William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous. This is commonly referred to as "Soothill's'". It was first published in 1937 (and is now off copyright so we can use it here). Some of these definitions may be misleading, incomplete, or dated, but 95% of it is good information. Every professor who teaches Buddhism or Eastern Religion has a copy of this on their bookshelf. We incorporated these 16,850 entries into our dictionary database ourselves (it was lot of work).
Combined, these cover 1,007,753 Japanese, Chinese, and Buddhist characters, words, idioms, names, placenames, and short phrases.
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No warranty as to the correctness, potential vulgarity, or clarity is expressed or implied. We did not write any of these definitions (though we occasionally act as a contributor/editor to the CC-CEDICT project). You are using this dictionary for free, and you get what you pay for.
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