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<1234>| Characters | Pronunciation Romanization |
Simple Dictionary Definition |
有學 有学 see styles |
yǒu xué you3 xue2 yu hsüeh ugaku |
śaikṣa; in Hīnayāna those in the first three stages of training as arhats, the fourth and last stage being 無學 those beyond the need of further teaching or study. There are eighteen grades of śaikṣa. |
有教 see styles |
yǒu jiào you3 jiao4 yu chiao yuukyou / yukyo ゆうきょう |
(given name) Yūkyō The realistic school as opposed to the 空教 teaching of unreality; especially (1) the Hīnayāna teaching of the 倶舍宗 Abhidharmakośa school of Vasubandhu, opposed to the 成實宗 Satya-siddhi school of Harivarman; (2) the Mahāyāna 法相宗 Dharma-lakṣana school, also called the 唯識宗, founded in China by Xuanzang, opposed to the 三論宗 Mādhyamika school of Nāgārjuna. |
有部 see styles |
yǒu bù you3 bu4 yu pu aribe ありべ |
(surname) Aribe 一切有部; 薩婆多 Sarvāstivāda; the school of the reality of all phenomena, one of the early Hīnayāna sects, said to have been formed, about 300 years after the Nirvāṇa, out of the Sthavira; later it subdivided into five, Dharmaguptāḥ, Mūlasarvāstivādāḥ, Kaśyapīyāḥ, Mahīśāsakāḥ, and the influential Vātsīputrīyāḥ. v. 一切有部. Its scriptures are known as the 有部律; 律書; 十誦律; 根本說一切有部毘那耶; (根本說一切有部尼陀那) 有部尼陀那; (根本說一切有部目得迦) 有部目得迦; 根本薩婆多部律攝 or 有部律攝, etc. |
析小 see styles |
xī xiǎo xi1 xiao3 hsi hsiao shakushō |
To traverse or expose the fallacy of Hīnayāna arguments. |
析智 see styles |
xī zhì xi1 zhi4 hsi chih shakuchi |
Analytical wisdom, which analyses Hīnayāna dharmas and attains to the truth that neither the ego nor things have a basis in reality. |
橘柳 see styles |
tachibanayanagi たちばなやなぎ |
(place-name) Tachibanayanagi |
毘勒 毗勒 see styles |
pí lè pi2 le4 p`i le pi le biroku |
piṭaka 螕勒. A Tiantai term for the 藏教 or Hīnayāna. |
法性 see styles |
fǎ xìng fa3 xing4 fa hsing hosshou / hossho ほっしょう |
{Buddh} (See 法相・ほっそう・1) dharmata (dharma nature, the true nature of all manifest phenomena); (personal name) Hosshou dharmatā. Dharma-nature, the nature underlying all thing, the bhūtatathatā, a Mahāyāna philosophical concept unknown in Hīnayāna, v. 眞如 and its various definitions in the 法相, 三論 (or法性), 華嚴, and 天台 Schools. It is discussed both in its absolute and relative senses, or static and dynamic. In the Mahāparinirvāṇa sūtra and various śāstras the term has numerous alternative forms, which may be taken as definitions, i. e. 法定 inherent dharma, or Buddha-nature; 法住 abiding dharma-nature; 法界 dharmakṣetra, realm of dharma; 法身 dharmakāya, embodiment of dharma; 實際 region of reality; 實相 reality; 空性 nature of the Void, i. e. immaterial nature; 佛性 Buddha-nature; 無相 appearance of nothingness, or immateriality; 眞如 bhūtatathatā; 如來藏 tathāgatagarbha; 平等性 universal nature; 離生性 immortal nature; 無我性 impersonal nature; 虛定界: realm of abstraction; 不虛妄性 nature of no illusion; 不變異性 immutable nature; 不思議界 realm beyond thought; 自性淸淨心 mind of absolute purity, or unsulliedness, etc. Of these the terms 眞如, 法性, and 實際 are most used by the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras. |
法愛 法爱 see styles |
fǎ ài fa3 ai4 fa ai noa のあ |
(female given name) Noa Religious love in contrast with 欲愛 ordinary love; Dharma-love may be Hīnayāna desire for nirvāṇa; or bodhisattva attachment to illusory things, both of which are to be eradicated; or Tathāgata-love, which goes out to all beings for salvation. |
法有 see styles |
fǎ yǒu fa3 you3 fa yu hōu |
The false view of Hīnayāna that things, or the elements of which they are made, are real. |
涅槃 see styles |
niè pán nie4 pan2 nieh p`an nieh pan nehan ねはん |
(Buddhism) to achieve nirvana (extinction of desire and pain); to die (loanword from Sanskrit, abbr. for 涅槃那[nie4pan2na4]) (1) {Buddh} nirvana; supreme enlightenment; (2) {Buddh} death; death of Buddha nirvāṇa, 'blown out, gone out, put out, extinguished'; 'liberated-from existence'; 'dead, deceased, defunct.' 'Liberation, eternal bliss'; '(with Buddhists and Jainas) absolute extinction or annihilation, complete extinction of individual existence.' M.W. Other forms are 涅槃那; 泥日; 泥洹; 泥畔 Originally translated 滅 to extinguish, extinction, put out (as a lamp or fire), it was also described as 解脫 release, 寂滅 tranquil extinction; 無爲 inaction, without effort, passiveness; 不生 no (re)birth; 安樂 calm joy; 滅度transmigration to 'extinction'. The meaning given to 'extinction' varies, e.g. individual extinction; cessation of rebirth; annihilation of passion; extinction of all misery and entry into bliss. While the meaning of individual extinction is not without advocates, the general acceptation is the extinction or end of all return to reincarnation with its concomitant suffering, and the entry into bliss. Nirvāṇa may be enjoyed in the present life as an attainable state, with entry into parinirvāṇa, or perfect bliss to follow. It may be (a) with a 'remainder', i.e. the cause but not all the effect (karma), of reincarnation having been destroyed; (b) without 'remainder', both cause and effect having been extinguished. The answer of the Buddha as to the continued personal existence of the Tathāgata in nirvāṇa is, in the Hīnayāna canon, relegated 'to the sphere of the indeterminates' (Keith), as one of the questions which are not essential to salvation. One argument is that flame when blown out does not perish but returns to the totality of Fire. The Nirvāṇa Sutra claims for nirvāṇa the ancient ideas of 常樂我淨 permanence, bliss, personality purity in the transcendental realm. Mahāyāna declares that Hīnayāna by denying personality in the transcendental realm denies the existence of the Buddha. In Mahāyāna final nirvāṇa is transcendental, and is also used as a term for the absolute. The place where the Buddha entered his earthly nirvāṇa is given as Kuśinagara, cf. 拘. |
滅病 灭病 see styles |
miè bìng mie4 bing4 mieh ping metsubyō |
One of the 四病 four sick or faulty ways of seeking perfection, the Hīnayāna method of endeavouring to extinguish all perturbing passions so that nothing of them remains. |
滿字 满字 see styles |
mǎn zì man3 zi4 man tzu manji |
The complete word, i.e. Mahāyāna, as compared with the 半字 half word, or incomplete word of Hīnayāna. |
漸教 渐教 see styles |
jiàn jiào jian4 jiao4 chien chiao zengyō |
The gradual method of teaching by beginning with the Hīnayāna and proceeding to the Mahāyāna, in contrast with 頓教 q.v. the immediate teaching of the Mahāyāna doctrine, or of any truth directly; e.g. the Huayan school considers the Huayan sūtra as the immediate or direct teaching, and the Lotus Sūtra as both gradual and direct; Tiantai considers the Lotus direct and complete; but there are other definitions. |
痴狗 see styles |
chī gǒu chi1 gou3 ch`ih kou chih kou |
Deluded dogs, i.e. the Hīnayāna śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas. |
相空 see styles |
xiàng kōng xiang4 kong1 hsiang k`ung hsiang kung sōkū |
The unreality of form; the doctrine that phenomena have no reality in themselves, in contrast with that of Hīnayāna which only held that the ego had no reality. |
眞寂 see styles |
zhēn jí zhen1 ji2 chen chi Shinjaku |
The true Buddha-nirvana as contrasted with that of the Hīnayāna. |
眞淨 眞净 see styles |
zhēn jìng zhen1 jing4 chen ching shinjō |
The true and pure teaching of the Mahāyāna, in contrast to the Hīnayāna. |
眞空 see styles |
zhēn kōng zhen1 kong1 chen k`ung chen kung mahiro まひろ |
(female given name) Mahiro (1) The absolute void, complete vacuity, said to be the nirvana of the Hīnayāna. (2) The essence of the bhūtatathatā, as the 空眞如 of the 起信論, 唯識, and 華嚴. (3) The void or immaterial as reality, as essential or substantial, the 非 空 之 空 not-void void, the ultimate reality, the highest Mahāyāna concept of true voidness, or of ultimate reality. |
空教 see styles |
kōng jiào kong1 jiao4 k`ung chiao kung chiao kuukyou / kukyo くうきょう |
(given name) Kuukyō The teaching that all is unreal. The 法相宗 Dharmalakṣaṇa School divided Buddha's teaching into three periods: (1) the Hīnayāna period, teaching that 法有 things are real; (2) the 般若 prajñā period, that 法 空things are unreal; (3) the Huayan and Lotus period of the middle or transcendental doctrine 中道教. |
空法 see styles |
kōng fǎ kong1 fa3 k`ung fa kung fa kūhō |
(1) To regard everything as unreal, i.e. the ego, things, the dynamic, the static. (2) The nirvana of Hīnayāna. |
空華 空华 see styles |
kōng huá kong1 hua2 k`ung hua kung hua sorahana そらはな |
(surname) Sorahana 空花 khapuṣpa, flowers in the sky, spots before the eyes, Muscœ volitantes; illusion. The Indian Hīnayānists style Mahāyānists空華外道 śūnyapuṣpa, sky-flower heretics, or followers of illusion. |
經部 经部 see styles |
jīng bù jing1 bu4 ching pu kyōbu |
(經量部) Sautrantika, an important Hīnayāna school, which based its doctrine on the sūtras alone, cf. Keith, 151 et al. |
緣起 缘起 see styles |
yuán qǐ yuan2 qi3 yüan ch`i yüan chi engi |
to originate; origin; genesis; account of the origins of an endeavor Arising from conditional causation; everything arises from conditions, and not being spontaneous and self-contained has no separate and independent nature; cf. 緣生. It is a fundamental doctrine of the Huayan school, which defines four principal uses of the term: (1) 業感緣起 that of the Hīnayāna, i.e. under the influence of karma the conditions of reincarnation arise; (2) 賴耶緣起 that of the primitive Mahāyāna school, i.e. that all things arise from the ālaya, or 藏 fundamental store; (3) 如來藏緣起 that of the advancing Mahāyāna, that all things arise from the tathāgatagarbha, or bhūtatathatā; (4) 法界緣起 that of complete Mahāyāna, in which one is all and all are one, each being a universal cause. |
聖僧 圣僧 see styles |
shèng sēng sheng4 seng1 sheng seng shōsō |
senior monk The holy monk, the image in the monks' assembly room; in Mahāyāna that of Mañjuśrī, in Hīnayāna that of Kāśyapa, or Subhūti, etc. |
聲聞 声闻 see styles |
shēng wén sheng1 wen2 sheng wen shōmon |
(Buddhism) disciple śrāvaka, a hearer, a term applied to the personal disciples of the Buddha, distinguished as mahā-śrāvaka; it is also applied to hearers, or disciples in general; but its general connotation relates it to Hīnayāna disciples who understand the four dogmas, rid themselves of the unreality of the phenomenal, and enter nirvana; it is the initial stage; cf. 舍. |
船柳 see styles |
funayanagi ふなやなぎ |
(surname) Funayanagi |
花柳 see styles |
hanayanagi はなやなぎ |
Hanayagi school of Japanese dancing; (surname) Hanayanagi |
苦餘 苦余 see styles |
kǔ yú ku3 yu2 k`u yü ku yü kuyo |
Remains of suffering awaiting the Hīnayāna disciple who escapes suffering in this world, but still meets it in succeeding worlds. |
藏教 see styles |
zàng jiào zang4 jiao4 tsang chiao zōkyō |
The Piṭaka, i.e. Tripiṭaka school, one of the four divisions 藏通別圓 as classified by Tiantai; it is the Hīnayāna school of the śrāvaka and pratyeka-buddha type, based on the tripiṭaka and its four dogmas, with the bodhisattva doctrine as an unimportant side issue. It is also subdivided into four others, 有 the reality of things, 空 their unreality, both and neither. The bodhisattva of the Piṭaka school is defined as undergoing seven stages, beginning with the four dogmas and ending with complete enlightenment under the bodhi-tree. |
裂裳 see styles |
liè cháng lie4 chang2 lieh ch`ang lieh chang resshō |
The torn robe (of Buddhism), i.e. split into eighteen pieces, like the Hīnayāna sects. |
見佛 见佛 see styles |
jiàn fó jian4 fo2 chien fo kenbutsu |
Beholding Buddha; to see Buddha. Hīnayāna sees only the nirmāṇakāya or body of incarnation, Mahāyāna sees the spiritual body, or body in bliss, the saṃbhogakāya. |
見地 见地 see styles |
jiàn dì jian4 di4 chien ti kenji けんじ |
opinion; view; insight point of view; viewpoint; standpoint; (place-name) Kenji The stage of insight, or discernment of reality, the fourth of the ten stages of progress toward Buddhahood, agreeing with the 預流果 of Hīnayāna. |
見思 见思 see styles |
jiàn sī jian4 si1 chien ssu kenshi |
Views and thoughts, in general 見惑思惑 illusory or misleading views and thoughts; 見 refers partly to the visible world, but also to views derived therefrom, e. g. the ego, with the consequent illusion; 思 to the mental and moral world also with its illusion. The 三惑 three delusions which hinder the 三諦 three axioms are 見思, 塵沙, and 無明 q. v. Hīnayāna numbers 88 kinds and the Mahāyāna 112 of 見惑, of 思惑 10 and 16 respectively. |
見諦 见谛 see styles |
jiàn dì jian4 di4 chien ti kentai |
The realization of correct views, i. e. the Hīnayāna stage of one who has entered the stream of holy living; the Mahāyāna stage after the first Bodhisattva stage. |
論藏 论藏 see styles |
lùn zàng lun4 zang4 lun tsang ronzō |
Thesaurus of discussions or discourses, the Abhidharma Piṭaka, one of the three divisions of the Tripiṭaka. It comprises the philosophical works. The first compilation is accredited to Mahā-Kāśyapa, disciple of Buddha, but the work is of a later period. The Chinese version is in three sections: 大乘論 the Mahāyāna philosophy; 小乘論 the Hīnayāna philosophy; 宋元續入藏諸論 The Song and Yuan Addenda, A.D. 960-1368. |
證入 证入 see styles |
zhèng rù zheng4 ru4 cheng ju shōnyū |
Experiential entry into buddha-truth, (1) partial, as in Hīnayāna and the earlier Mahāyāna; (2) complete, as in the perfect school of Mahāyāna. |
證德 证德 see styles |
zhèng dé zheng4 de2 cheng te shōtoku |
Attainment of virtue, or spiritual power, through the four dogmas, twelve nidānas and six pāramitās, in the Hīnayāna and Madhyamayāna. |
賢聖 贤圣 see styles |
xián shèng xian2 sheng4 hsien sheng kensei / kense けんせい |
(personal name) Kensei Those who are noted for goodness, and those who are also noted for wisdom, or insight; the xian are still of ordinary human standard, the sheng transcend them in wisdom and character; the attainments from 見道 upwards are those of the sheng; the xian is on the moral plane, and has not eliminated illusion; the sheng has cut of illusion and has insight into absolute reality. The Mahāyāna has three stages for the xian and ten for the sheng; the Hīnayāna has seven for each. |
趣寂 see styles |
qù jí qu4 ji2 ch`ü chi chü chi shujaku |
The destiny of nirvāṇa, as understood by the Hīnayāna. |
退大 see styles |
tuì dà tui4 da4 t`ui ta tui ta taidai |
To backslide from Mahāyāna (and revert to Hīnayāna). |
通教 see styles |
tōng jiào tong1 jiao4 t`ung chiao tung chiao michinori みちのり |
(given name) Michinori Tiantai classified Buddhist schools into four periods 藏, 通, 別, and 圓. The 藏 Piṭaka school was that of Hīnayāna. The 通Tong, interrelated or intermediate school, was the first stage of Mahāyāna, having in it elements of all the three vehicles, śrāvaka, pratyekabuddha, and bodhisattva. Its developing doctrine linked it with Hīnayāna on the one hand and on the other with the two further developments of the 別 'separate', or 'differentiated' Mahāyāna teaching, and the 圓 full-orbed, complete, or perfect Mahāyāna. The 通教 held the doctrine of the Void, but had not arrived at the doctrine of the Mean. |
還生 还生 see styles |
huán shēng huan2 sheng1 huan sheng genshō |
To return to life; to be reborn in this world; to be reborn from the Hīnayāna nirvana in order to be able to attain to Mahāyāna buddhahood; also, restoration to the order, after repentance for sin. |
酪味 see styles |
luò wèi luo4 wei4 lo wei rakumi |
Sour, one of the five tastes. Tiantai compared the second period of the Hīnayāna with this. |
酪經 酪经 see styles |
luò jīng luo4 jing1 lo ching rakukyō |
Tiantai term for the Hīnayāna sūtras. |
金杖 see styles |
jīn zhàng jin1 zhang4 chin chang konjō |
The golden staff broken into eighteen pieces and the skirt similarly torn, seen in a dream by king Bimbisāra, prophetic of the eighteen divisions of Hīnayāna. |
金柳 see styles |
kanayanagi かなやなぎ |
(place-name) Kanayanagi |
阿含 see styles |
ā hán a1 han2 a han agon |
āgama, 阿含暮; 阿鋡; 阿伽摩 (or 阿笈摩), the āgamas, a collection of doctrines, general name for the Hīnayāna scriptures: tr. 法歸 the home or collecting-place of the Law or Truth; 無比法 peerless Law; or 趣無 ne plus ultra, ultimate, absolute truth. The 四阿含經 or Four Āgamas are (1) 長阿含 Dīrghāgama, 'Long' treatises on cosmogony. (2) Madhyamāgama, 中阿含, 'middle' treatises on metaphysics. (3) Saṃyuktāgama, 雜阿含 'miscellaneous' treatises on abstract contemplation. (4) Ekottarāgama 增一阿含 'numerical' treatises, subjects treated numerically. There is also a division of five āgamas. |
預流 预流 see styles |
yù liú yu4 liu2 yü liu yoru よる |
{Buddh} sotāpanna; śrotāpanna; stream-winner; stream-entrant According with the stream of holy living, the srota-āpanna disciple of the śrāvaka stage, who has overcome the illusion of the seeming, the first stage in Hīnayāna. |
頓悟 顿悟 see styles |
dùn wù dun4 wu4 tun wu tongo とんご |
a flash of realization; the truth in a flash; a moment of enlightenment (usually Buddhist) (noun/participle) {Buddh} (See 漸悟) sudden enlightenment Instantly to apprehend, or attain to Buddha-enlightenment, in contrast with Hīnayāna and other methods of gradual attainment. |
麤人 see styles |
cū rén cu1 ren2 ts`u jen tsu jen |
麁人 The immature man of Hīnayāna, who has a rough foundation, in contrast with the mature or refined 細人 man of Mahayana. Tiantai applied 麤 to the 藏, 通, and 別 schools, reserving 細 for the 圓 school. |
麤言 see styles |
cū yán cu1 yan2 ts`u yen tsu yen |
麁言 Coarse, crude, rough, immature words or talk; evil words. Rough, outline, preliminary words, e. g. Hīnayāna in contrast with Mahāyāna. The rough-and-ready, or cruder ' words and method of 誡 prohibitions from evil, in contrast with the more refined method of 勸 exhortation to good. |
一代教 see styles |
yī dài jiào yi1 dai4 jiao4 i tai chiao ichidai kyō |
The whole of the Buddha's teaching from his enlightenment to his nirvāṇa, including Hīnayāna and Mahāyāna teaching. |
一佛乘 see styles |
yī fó shèng yi1 fo2 sheng4 i fo sheng ichibutsu jō |
The Mahāyāna, or one-Buddha vehicle, especially the teaching of the Lotus Sūtra.; The one Buddha-yāna. The One Vehicle, i.e. Mahāyāna, which contains the final or complete law of the Buddha and not merely a part, or preliminary stage, as in Hīnayāna. Mahāyānists claim it as the perfect and only way to the shore of parinirvāṇa. It is especially the doctrine of the 法華經 Lotus Sūtra; v. 大乘. |
一法印 see styles |
yī fǎ yìn yi1 fa3 yin4 i fa yin ippōin |
The seal or assurance of the one truth or law, see 一如 and 一實; the criterion of Mahāyāna doctrine, that all is bhūtatathatā, as contrasted with the Hīnayāna criteria of impermanence, non-personality, and nirvāṇa. |
一說部 一说部 see styles |
yī shuō bù yi1 shuo1 bu4 i shuo pu Issetsu bu |
Ekavyāvahārika 猗柯毘與婆訶利柯 or (Pali) Ekabyohāra 鞞婆訶羅 One of the 20 Hīnayāna schools, a nominalistic school, which considered things as nominal, i.e. names without any underlying reality; also styled 諸法但名宗 that things are but names. |
七方便 see styles |
qī fāng biàn qi1 fang1 bian4 ch`i fang pien chi fang pien shichi hōben |
(七方便位) (1) The seven "expedient" or temporary attainments or positions of Hīnayāna, superseded in Mahayana by the 七賢 (位) or 七加行 (位) all preparatory to the 七聖 (位) (2) The seven vehicles, i.e. those of ordinary human beings, of devas, of śrāvakas, of pratyekabuddhas' and of the three bodhisattvas of the three teachings 藏, 通 and 別. (3) Also, 藏教之聲縁二人, 通教之聲縁菩三人, 別教and 圓教之二菩薩; (2) and (3) are Tiantai groups. |
三卽一 see styles |
sān jí yī san1 ji2 yi1 san chi i |
The three vehicles (Hīnayāna, Madhyamayāna, Mahāyāna) are one, i. e. the three lead to bodhisattvaship and Buddhahood for all. |
三彌底 三弥底 see styles |
sān mí dǐ san1 mi2 di3 san mi ti Sanmitei |
三蜜 The Sammatīya school.; 彌底; 彌離底; 三密 (or 蜜) 栗底尼迦耶; 三眉底與量弟子 Saṃmatīyanikāya, Saṃmata, or Saṃmitīyas. A Hīnayāna sect the 正量部 correctly commensurate or logical school, very numerous and widely spread during the early centuries of our era. The 三彌底部論 is in the Tripiṭaka. It taught "that a soul exists in the highest and truest sense", "that an arhat can fall from arhatship, that a god can enter the paths of the Order, and that even an unconverted man can get rid of all lust and ill-will" (Eliot, i, 260). It split into the three branches of Kaurukullakāḥ Āvantikāh, and Vātsīputrīyāḥ. |
三時教 三时教 see styles |
sān shí jiào san1 shi2 jiao4 san shih chiao sanji kyō |
(三時教判) The three periods and characteristics of Buddha's teaching, as defined by the Dharmalakṣana school 法相宗. They are: (1) 有, when he taught the 實有 reality of the skandhas and elements, but denied the common belief in 實我 real personality or a permanent soul; this period is represented by the four 阿含經 āgamas and other Hīnayāna sūtras. (2) 空 Śūnya, when he negatived the idea of 實法 the reality of things and advocated that all was 空 unreal; the period of the 般若經 prajñā sūtras. (3) 中 Madhyama, the mean, that mind or spirit is real, while things are unreal; the period of this school's specific sūtra the 解深密經, also the 法華 and later sūtras. In the two earlier periods he is said to have 方便 adapted his teaching to the development of his hearers; in the third to have delivered his complete and perfect doctrine. Another division by the 空宗 is (1) as above; (2) the early period of the Mahāyāna represented, by the 深密經; (3) the higher Mahāyāna as in the 般若經. v. also 三敎. |
三種智 三种智 see styles |
sān zhǒng zhì san1 zhong3 zhi4 san chung chih sanshu chi |
The wisdom of common men, of the heterodox, and of Buddhism; i.e. (a) 世間智 normal, worldly knowledge or ideas; (b) 出世間智 other worldly wisdom, e.g. of Hīnayāna; (c) 出世間上上智 the highest other-worldly wisdom, of Mahāyāna; cf. 三種波羅蜜. |
三藏教 see styles |
sān zàng jiào san1 zang4 jiao4 san tsang chiao sanzō kyō |
A Tiantai name for Hīnayāna, whose tripiṭaka is ascribed to Mahākāśyapa. |
三輪教 三轮教 see styles |
sān lún jiào san1 lun2 jiao4 san lun chiao sanrin kyō |
The three periods of the Buddha's teaching as defined by Paramārtha: (a) 轉法輪 the first rolling onwards of the Law-wheel, the first seven years' teaching of Hīnayāna, i.e. the 四諦 four axioms and 空 unreality; (b) 照法輪 illuminating or explaining the law-wheel, the thirty years' teaching of the 般若 prajñā or wisdom sūtras, illuminating 空 and by 空 illuminating 有 reality; (c) 持法輪 maintaining the law-wheel, i.e. the remaining years of teaching of the deeper truths of 空有 both unreality and reality. Also the three-fold group of the Lotus School: (a) 根本法輪 radical, or fundamental, as found in the 華嚴經 sūtra; (b) 枝末法輪 branch and leaf, i.e. all other teaching; until (c) 攝末歸本法輪 branches and leaves are reunited with the root in the Lotus Sutra, 法華經. |
上乘禪 上乘禅 see styles |
shàng shèng chán shang4 sheng4 chan2 shang sheng ch`an shang sheng chan jōjō zen |
The Mahāyāna Ch'an (Zen) School, which considers that it alone attains the highest realization of Mahāyāna truth. Hīnayāna philosophy is said only to realize the unreality of the ego and not the unreality of all things. The Mahāyāna realizes the unreality of the ego and of all things. But the Ch'an school is pure idealism, all being mind. This mind is Buddha, and is the universal fundamental mind. |
上座部 see styles |
shàng zuò bù shang4 zuo4 bu4 shang tso pu jouzabu / jozabu じょうざぶ |
Theravada school of Buddhism Sthaviravada (early Buddhist movement) 他毘梨典部; 他鞞羅部 Sthavirāḥ; Sthaviranikāya; or Āryasthāvirāḥ. The school of the presiding elder, or elders. The two earliest sections of Buddhism were this (which developed into the Mahāsthavirāḥ) and the Mahāsānghikāḥ or 大衆部. At first they were not considered to be different schools, the 上座部 merely representing the intimate and older disciples of Śākyamuni and the 大衆 being the rest. It is said that a century later under Mahādeva 大天 a difference of opinion arose on certain doctrines. Three divisions are named as resulting, viz. Mahāvihāravāsinaḥ, Jetavanīyāḥ, and Abhayagiri-vāsinaḥ. These were in Ceylon. In course of time the eighteen Hīnayāna sects were developed. From the time of Aśoka four principal schools are counted as prevailing: Mahāsāṅghika, Sthavira, Mūlasarvāstivda, and Saṁmitīya. The following is a list of the eleven sects reckoned as of the 上座部: 說一切有部; 雪山; 犢子; 法上; 賢冑; 正量; 密林山; 化地; 法藏; 飮光; and 經量部. The Sthaviravādin is reputed as nearest to early Buddhism in its tenets, though it is said to have changed the basis of Buddhism from an agnostic system to a realistic philosophy. |
下劣乘 see styles |
xià liè shèng xia4 lie4 sheng4 hsia lieh sheng geretsu jō |
The inferior, mean yāna, a scornful term for Hīnayāna. |
不定教 see styles |
bù dìng jiào bu4 ding4 jiao4 pu ting chiao fujō kyō |
Indeterminate teaching. Tiantai divides the Buddha' s mode of teaching into four; this one means that Buddha, by his extraordinary powers of 方便 upāya-kauśalya, or adaptability, could confer Mahāyāna benefits on his hearers out of his Hīnayāna teaching and vice versa, dependent on the capacity of his hearers. |
不淨肉 不净肉 see styles |
bù jìng ròu bu4 jing4 rou4 pu ching jou fujō niku |
Unclean', flesh, i. e. that of animals, fishes, etc., seen being killed, heard being killed, or suspected of being killed; Hīnayāna forbids these, Mahāyāna forbids all flesh. |
了義經 了义经 see styles |
liǎo yì jīng liao3 yi4 jing1 liao i ching ryōgi kyō |
The sūtras containing it. Mahāyāna counts all Hīnayāna sutras as 不了義經; Mahāyāna sūtras are divided into both kinds according to different schools. |
二十智 see styles |
èr shí zhì er4 shi2 zhi4 erh shih chih nijū chi |
The twenty kinds of wisdom or knowledge as denied by Tiantai i.e. the Hīnayāna (or三藏) with seven kinds, 通教 five, 別教four, and 圓教 four; cf. 智. |
二十部 see styles |
èr shí bù er4 shi2 bu4 erh shih pu nijū bu |
The eighteen Hīnayāna sects, together with the two original assemblies of elders. |
二福田 see styles |
èr fú tián er4 fu2 tian2 erh fu t`ien erh fu tien ni fukuden |
The two fields for the cultivation of happiness: (a) 學人田 the eighteen Hīnayāna classes of those under training in religion; (b) 無學人田 the nine divisions of those no longer in training, i.e. who have completed their course. Also (a) 悲田 the pitable or poor and needy, as the field or opportunity for charity; (b) 敬田the field of religion and reverence of the Buddhas, the saints, the priesthood. |
五味禪 五味禅 see styles |
wǔ wèi chán wu3 wei4 chan2 wu wei ch`an wu wei chan gomi zen |
Five kinds of concentration, i. e. that of heretics, ordinary people, Hīnayāna, Mahāyāna, and 最上乘 the supreme vehicle, or that of believers in the fundamental Buddha-nature of all things; this is styled 如來滿淨禪; 一行三昧,; 眞如三昧. |
五部律 see styles |
wǔ bù lǜ wu3 bu4 lv4 wu pu lü gobu ritsu |
The first five Hīnayāna sects— Dharmagupta, Sarvāstivāda, Mahīśāsaka, Kāśyapīya, and Vātsīputrīya; see 五師. |
偏小情 see styles |
piān xiǎo qíng pian1 xiao3 qing2 p`ien hsiao ch`ing pien hsiao ching henshō no jō |
The partial or narrower Hīnayāna idea that though the ego is unreal, things are real. |
兩足尊 两足尊 see styles |
liǎng zú zūn liang3 zu2 zun1 liang tsu tsun ryōzoku son |
The most honoured among men and devas (lit. among two-footed beings), a title of the Buddha. The two feet are compared to the commandments and meditation, blessing and wisdom, relative and absolute teaching (i. e. Hīnayāna and Mahāyāna), meditation and action. |
八顚倒 see styles |
bā diān dào ba1 dian1 dao4 pa tien tao hachi tendō |
The eight upside-down views: heretics believe in 常樂我淨 permanence, pleasure, personality, and purity; the two Hīnayāna vehicles deny these both now and in nirvāṇa. Mahāyāna denies them now, but asserts them in nirvāṇa. Also 八倒. |
六城部 see styles |
liù chéng bù liu4 cheng2 bu4 liu ch`eng pu liu cheng pu Rokujō bu |
Ṣaṇṇagarikāḥ, 山拖那伽梨柯部; or 密林山部. One of the twenty Hīnayāna sects, connected with the Vātsīputtrīyāḥ 犢子部. |
初果向 see styles |
chū guǒ xiàng chu1 guo3 xiang4 ch`u kuo hsiang chu kuo hsiang shoka kō |
The aiming at the stage of srota-āpanna. The other stages of Hīnayāna are sakṛdāgāmin, anāgāmin, and arhat. |
十八部 see styles |
shí bā bù shi2 ba1 bu4 shih pa pu jūhachi bu |
The eighteen schools of Hīnayāna as formerly existing in India; v. 小乘. |
十勝行 十胜行 see styles |
shí shèng xíng shi2 sheng4 xing2 shih sheng hsing jisshōgyō |
The ten pāramitās observed by bodhisattvas, see 十地 and 十住. Hīnayāna has another group, adding to the four 梵福 q. v. the six of sacrificing one's life to save mother; or father; or a Buddha; to become a monk: to induce another to become a monk; to obtain authority to preach. |
十惱亂 十恼乱 see styles |
shí nǎo luàn shi2 nao3 luan4 shih nao luan jū nōran |
The ten disturbers of the religious life: a domineering (spirit); heretical ways; dangerous amusements; a butcher's or other low occupation; asceticism (or selfish hīnayāna salvation); (the condition of a) eunuch; lust; endangering (the character by improper intimacy); contempt; breeding animals, etc. (for slaughter). |
半滿教 半满教 see styles |
bàn mǎn jiào ban4 man3 jiao4 pan man chiao hanman kyō |
The half and the complete doctrines: i. e. Hīnayāna and Mahāyāna. |
含中教 see styles |
hán zhōng jiào han2 zhong1 jiao4 han chung chiao ganchū kyō |
A Tiantai term for the 通教 which was midway between or interrelated with Hīnayāna and Mahāyāna. |
四善根 see styles |
sì shàn gēn si4 shan4 gen1 ssu shan ken shi zenkon |
catuṣ-kuśala-mūla, the four good roots, or sources from which spring good fruiy or development. In Hīnayāna they form the stage after 總相念住 as represented by the 倶舍 and 成實; in Mahāyāna it is the final stage of the 十廻向 as represented by the 法相宗. There are also four similar stages connected with śrāvaka, pratyekabuddha, and Buddha, styled 三品四善根. The four of the 倶舍宗 are 煗法, 頂法, 忍法, and 世第一法. The four of the 成實宗 are the same, but are applied differently. The 法相宗 retains the same four terms, but connects them with the four dhyāna stages of the 眞唯識觀 in its four first 加行 developments. |
四阿含 see styles |
sì ā hán si4 a1 han2 ssu a han shi agon |
The four Agamas 四阿笈摩, or divisions of the Hīnayāna scriptures: 長阿含 dīrghāgamas, 'long' works, cosmological; 中阿含 madhyamāgamas, metaphysical; 雜阿含 saṃyuktāgamas, general, on dhyāna, trance, etc.; 增一阿含 ekottarikāgamas, numerically arranged subjects. |
增上慢 see styles |
zēng shàng màn zeng1 shang4 man4 tseng shang man zōjō man |
Arrogance, pride (of superior knowledge); e.g. the 5,000 disciples who, in their Hīnayāna superiority, thought they had gained all wisdom and refused to hear the Lotus gospel. |
壞驢車 坏驴车 see styles |
huài lǘ chē huai4 lv2 che1 huai lü ch`e huai lü che e rosha |
A worn-out donkey cart; —i. e. Hīnayāna. |
声聞僧 see styles |
shoumonsou / shomonso しょうもんそう |
(archaism) Hinayana monk |
大乘宗 see styles |
dà shèng zōng da4 sheng4 zong1 ta sheng tsung daijō shū |
The school of Mahāyāna, attributed to the rise in India of the Mādhyamika, i.e. the 中觀 or 三論 school ascribed to Nāgārjuna, and the Yoga 瑜伽 or Dharmalakṣaṇa 法相 school, the other schools being Hīnayāna. In China and Japan the 倶舍 and 成實 are classed as Hīnayāna, the rest being Mahāyāna , of which the principal schools are 律, 法相 , 三論, 華嚴, 天台, 眞言 , 淨土 , 禪 q.v. |
大乘經 大乘经 see styles |
dà shèng jīng da4 sheng4 jing1 ta sheng ching daijō kyō |
Mahāyāna sutras, the sūtra-piṭaka. Discourses ascribed to the Buddha, presumed to be written in India and translated into Chinese. These are divided into five classes corresponding to the Mahāyāna theory of the Buddha's life: (1) Avataṃsaka, 華嚴 the sermons first preached by Śākyamuni after enlightenment; (2) Vaipulya, 方等; (3) Prajñā Pāramitā, 般若; (4) Saddharma Puṇḍarīka, 法華; and last (5) Mahāparinirvāṇa, 涅槃. Another list of Mahāyāna sutras is 般若; 寳積; 大集; 華嚴 and 涅槃. The sutras of Hīnayāna are given as the Agamas 阿含, etc. |
大方等 see styles |
dà fāng děng da4 fang1 deng3 ta fang teng dai hōdō |
Mahāvaipulya or vaipulya 大方廣; 毗佛畧. They are called 無量義經 sutras of infinite meaning, or of the infinite; first introduced into China by Dharmarakṣa (A.D.266―317). The name is common to Hīnayāna and Mahayana, but chiefly claimed by the latter for its special sutras as extending and universalizing the Buddha's earlier preliminary teaching. v. 大方廣 and 方等. |
婆檀陀 see styles |
pó tán tuó po2 tan2 tuo2 p`o t`an t`o po tan to badanda |
bhadanta, 大德, laudable, praiseworthy, blessed, of great virtue-a term of respect for a buddha, or for monks, especially of the Hīnayāna school. |
學無學 学无学 see styles |
xué wú xué xue2 wu2 xue2 hsüeh wu hsüeh gaku mugaku |
One who is still learning, and one who has attained; 學 is to study religion order to get rid of illusion; 無學 begins when illusion is cast off. In Hīnayāna the first three stages, v. 四果, belong to the period of 學; the arhat to the 無學. In the Mahāyāna, the ten stages of the bodhisattva belong to 學; the stage of Buddha to 無學. |
寂然界 see styles |
jí rán jiè ji2 ran2 jie4 chi jan chieh jakunen kai |
The Hīnayāna nirvāṇa-realm or border. |
寂靜行 寂静行 see styles |
jí jìng xíng ji2 jing4 xing2 chi ching hsing jakujō gyō |
Hīnayāna discipline to ensure nirvāṇa. |
小乘戒 see styles |
xiǎo shèng jiè xiao3 sheng4 jie4 hsiao sheng chieh shōjō kai |
The commandments of the Hīnayāna, also recognized by the Mahāyāna: the five, eight, and ten commandments, the 250 for the monks, and the 348 for the nuns. |
小乘經 小乘经 see styles |
xiǎo shèng jīng xiao3 sheng4 jing1 hsiao sheng ching shōjō kyō |
The Hīnayāna sūtras, the four sections of the Āgamas 阿含經 v. 小乘九部. |
小乘論 小乘论 see styles |
xiǎo shèng lùn xiao3 sheng4 lun4 hsiao sheng lun shōjō ron |
The Hīnayāna śāstras or Abhidharma. |
小律儀 小律仪 see styles |
xiǎo lǜ yí xiao3 lv4 yi2 hsiao lü i shō ritsugi |
The rules and regulations for monks and nuns in Hīnayāna. |
Entries with 2nd row of characters: The 2nd row is Simplified Chinese.
This page contains 100 results for "Nayan" in Chinese and/or Japanese.Information about this dictionary:
Apparently, we were the first ones who were crazy enough to think that western people might want a combined Chinese, Japanese, and Buddhist dictionary.
A lot of westerners can't tell the difference between Chinese and Japanese - and there is a reason for that. Chinese characters and even whole words were borrowed by Japan from the Chinese language in the 5th century. Much of the time, if a word or character is used in both languages, it will have the same or a similar meaning. However, this is not always true. Language evolves, and meanings independently change in each language.
Example: The Chinese character 湯 for soup (hot water) has come to mean bath (hot water) in Japanese. They have the same root meaning of "hot water", but a 湯屋 sign on a bathhouse in Japan would lead a Chinese person to think it was a "soup house" or a place to get a bowl of soup. See this: Japanese Bath House
This dictionary uses the EDICT and CC-CEDICT dictionary files.
EDICT data is the property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, and is used in conformance with the Group's
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Chinese Buddhist terms come from Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms by William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous. This is commonly referred to as "Soothill's'". It was first published in 1937 (and is now off copyright so we can use it here). Some of these definitions may be misleading, incomplete, or dated, but 95% of it is good information. Every professor who teaches Buddhism or Eastern Religion has a copy of this on their bookshelf. We incorporated these 16,850 entries into our dictionary database ourselves (it was lot of work).
Combined, these cover 1,007,753 Japanese, Chinese, and Buddhist characters, words, idioms, names, placenames, and short phrases.
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