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| Characters | Pronunciation Romanization |
Simple Dictionary Definition |
禪 禅 see styles |
shàn shan4 shan yuzuri ゆずり |
More info & calligraphy: Zen / Chan / Meditation(out-dated kanji) (1) (Buddhist term) dhyana (profound meditation); (2) (abbreviation) Zen (Buddhism); (surname) Yuzuri To level a place for an altar, to sacrifice to the hills and fountains; to abdicate. Adopted by Buddhists for dhyāna, 禪 or 禪那, i.e. meditation, abstraction, trance. dhyāna is 'meditation, thought, reflection, especially profound and abstract religious contemplation'. M.W. It was intp. as 'getting rid of evil', etc., later as 靜慮 quiet meditation. It is a form of 定, but that word is more closely allied with samādhi, cf. 禪定. The term also connotes Buddhism and Buddhist things in general, but has special application to the 禪宗 q.v. It is one of the six pāramitās, cf. 波. There are numerous methods and subjects of meditation. The eighteen brahmalokas are divided into four dhyāna regions 'corresponding to certain frames of mind where individuals might be reborn in strict accordance with their spiritual state'. The first three are the first dhyāna, the second three the second dhyāna, the third three the third dhyāna, and the remaining nine the fourth dhyāna. See Eitel. According to Childers' Pali Dictionary, 'The four jhānas are four stages of mystic meditation, whereby the believer's mind is purged from all earthly emotions, and detached as it were from his body, which remains plunged in a profound trance.' Seated cross-legged, the practiser 'concentrates his mind upon a single thought. Gradually his soul becomes filled with a supernatural ecstasy and serenity', his mind still reasoning: this is the first jhāna. Concentrating his mind on the same subject, he frees it from reasoning, the ecstasy and serenity remaining, which is the second jhāna. Then he divests himself of ecstasy, reaching the third stage of serenity. Lastly, in the fourth stage the mind becomes indifferent to all emotions, being exalted above them and purified. There are differences in the Mahāyāna methods, but similarity of aim. |
十八 see styles |
shí bā shi2 ba1 shih pa toya とや |
More info & calligraphy: Eighteen / 1818; eighteen; (personal name) Toya aṣṭādaśa, eighteen. |
地獄 地狱 see styles |
dì yù di4 yu4 ti yü jigoku じごく |
More info & calligraphy: Hell(1) {Buddh} hell realm; Naraka; (2) {Christn} Hell; (3) hell; misery; nightmare; inferno; (4) place where a volcano or hot springs constantly spew smoke or steam; (place-name) Jigoku naraka, 捺落迦 (or 那落迦) ; niraya 泥犂; explained by 不樂 joyless; 可厭 disgusting, hateful; 苦具, 苦器 means of suffering; if 地獄 earth-prison; 冥府 the shades, or departments of darkness. Earth-prison is generally intp. as hell or the hells; it may also be termed purgatory; one of the six gati or ways of transmigration. The hells are divided into three classes: I. Central, or radical, 根本地獄 consisting of (1) The eight hot hells. These were the original hells of primitive Buddhism, and are supposed to be located umder the southern continent Jambudvīpa 瞻部州, 500 yojanas below the surface. (a) 等活 or 更活 Saṃjīva, rebirth, where after many kinds of suffering a cold wind blows over the soul and returns it to this life as it was before, hence the name 等活. (b) 黑繩 Kaslasūtra, where the sufferer is bound with black chains and chopped or sawn asunder. (c) 線合; 衆合; 堆壓 Saṃghāta, where are multitudes of implements of torture, or the falling of mountains upon the sufferer. (d) 號呌; 呼呼; 叫喚 Raurava, hell of wailing. (e) 大呌; 大號呌; 大呼 Mahāraurava, hell of great wailing. (f) 炎熱; 燒炙 Tapana, hell of fames and burning. (g) 大熱; 大燒炙; 大炎熱 Pratāpana, hell of molten lead. (h) 無間; 河鼻旨; 阿惟越致; 阿毗至; 阿鼻; 阿毗 Avīci, unintermitted suffering, where sinners die and are reborn to suffer without interval. (2) The eight cold hells 八寒地獄. (a) 頞浮陀地獄 Arbuda, where the cold causes blisters. (b) 尼刺部陀 Nirarbuda, colder still causing the blisters to burst. (c) 頞哳吒; 阿吒吒 Atata, where this is the only possible sound from frozen lips. (d) 臛臛婆; 阿波波 Hahava or Apapa, where it is so cold that only this sound can be uttered. (e) 虎虎婆 Hāhādhara or Huhuva, where only this sound can be uttered. (f) 嗢鉢羅; 鬱鉢羅 (or 優鉢羅) Utpala, or 尼羅鳥 (or 漚) 鉢羅 Nīlotpala, where the skin is frozen like blue lotus buds. (g) 鉢特摩 Padma, where the skin is frozen and bursts open like red lotus buds. (h) 摩訶鉢特摩 Mahāpadma, ditto like great red lotus buds. Somewhat different names are also given. Cf. 倶舍論 8; 智度論 16; 涅槃經 11. II. The secondary hells are called 近邊地獄 adjacent hells or 十六遊增 each of its four sides, opening from each such door are four adjacent hells, in all sixteen; thus with the original eight there are 136. A list of eighteen hells is given in the 十八泥梨經. III. A third class is called the 孤地獄 (獨地獄) Lokāntarika, or isolated hells in mountains, deserts, below the earth and above it. Eitel says in regard to the eight hot hells that they range 'one beneath the other in tiers which begin at a depth of 11,900 yojanas and reach to a depth of 40,000 yojanas'. The cold hells are under 'the two Tchahavālas and range shaft-like one below the other, but so that this shaft is gradually widening to the fourth hell and then narrowing itself again so that the first and last hell have the shortest, those in the centre the longest diameter'. 'Every universe has the same number of hells, ' but 'the northern continent has no hell whatever, the two continents east and west of Meru have only small Lokāntarika hells... whilst all the other hells are required for the inhabitants of the southern continent '. It may be noted that the purpose of these hells is definitely punitive, as well as purgatorial. Yama is the judge and ruler, assisted by eighteen officers and a host of demons, who order or administer the various degrees of torture. 'His sister performs the same duties with regard to female criminals, ' and it may be mentioned that the Chinese have added the 血盆池 Lake of the bloody bath, or 'placenta tank' for women who die in childbirth. Release from the hells is in the power of the monks by tantric means. |
羅漢 罗汉 see styles |
luó hàn luo2 han4 lo han rakan らかん |
More info & calligraphy: Luohan / Lohan(abbreviation) {Buddh} (See 阿羅漢・あらかん) arhat; (place-name, surname) Rakan arhan, arhat; worthy, worshipful, an arhat, the saint, or perfect man of Hīnayāna; the sixteen, eighteen, or 500 famous disciples appointed to witness to buddha-truth and save the world; v. 阿. |
十八羅漢 十八罗汉 see styles |
shí bā luó hàn shi2 ba1 luo2 han4 shih pa lo han juuhachirakan / juhachirakan じゅうはちらかん |
More info & calligraphy: The Eighteen Arhatseighteen arhats |
樓 楼 see styles |
lóu lou2 lou rou / ro ろう |
house with more than 1 story; storied building; floor; CL:層|层[ceng2],座[zuo4],棟|栋[dong4] (surname) Rou An upper storey, stored building, tower; one of the eighteen hells. |
鷄 鸡 see styles |
jī ji1 chi |
variant of 雞|鸡[ji1] v. 雞 Eighteen Strokes. |
三六 see styles |
sān liù san1 liu4 san liu miroku みろく |
(f,p) Miroku Eighteen, especially referring to the eighteen sects of Hīnayāna. |
三科 see styles |
sān kē san1 ke1 san k`o san ko minashi みなし |
(surname) Minashi The three categories of 五蘊, 十二處 or 入, and eighteen 界. |
二九 see styles |
èr jiǔ er4 jiu3 erh chiu futaku ふたく |
(obsolete) eighteen; (surname) Futaku eighteen [years old] |
四禪 四禅 see styles |
sì chán si4 chan2 ssu ch`an ssu chan shizen |
(四禪天) The four dhyāna heavens, 四靜慮 (四靜慮天), i. e. the division of the eighteen brahmalokas into four dhyānas: the disciple attains to one of these heavens according to the dhyāna he observes: (1) 初禪天 The first region, 'as large as one whole universe' comprises the three heavens, Brahma-pāriṣadya, Brahma-purohita, and Mahābrahma, 梵輔, 梵衆, and 大梵天; the inhabitants are without gustatory or olfactory organs, not needing food, but possess the other four of the six organs. (2) 二禪天 The second region, equal to 'a small chiliocosmos' 小千界, comprises the three heavens, according to Eitel, 'Parīttābha, Apramāṇābha, and Ābhāsvara, ' i. e. 少光 minor light, 無量光 infinite light, and 極光淨 utmost light purity; the inhabitants have ceased to require the five physical organs, possessing only the organ of mind. (3) 三禪天 The third region, equal to 'a middling chiliocosmos '中千界, comprises three heavens; Eitel gives them as Parīttaśubha, Apramāṇaśubha, and Śubhakṛtsna, i. e. 少淨 minor purity, 無量淨 infinite purity, and 徧淨 universal purity; the inhabitants still have the organ of mind and are receptive of great joy. (4) 四禪天 The fourth region, equal to a great chiliocosmos, 大千界, comprises the remaining nine brahmalokas, namely, Puṇyaprasava, Anabhraka, Bṛhatphala, Asañjñisattva, Avṛha, Atapa, Sudṛśa, Sudarśana, and Akaniṣṭha (Eitel). The Chinese titles are 福生 felicitous birth, 無雲 cloudless, 廣果 large fruitage, 無煩 no vexations, atapa is 無熱 no heat, sudṛśa is 善見 beautiful to see, sudarśana is 善現 beautiful appearing, two others are 色究竟 the end of form, and 無想天 the heaven above thought, but it is difficult to trace avṛha and akaniṣṭha; the inhabitants of this fourth region still have mind. The number of the dhyāna heavens differs; the Sarvāstivādins say 16, the 經 or Sutra school 17, and the Sthavirāḥ school 18. Eitel points out that the first dhyāna has one world with one moon, one mem, four continents, and six devalokas; the second dhyāna has 1, 000 times the worlds of the first; the third has 1, 000 times the worlds of the second; the fourth dhyāna has 1, 000 times those of the third. Within a kalpa of destruction 壞劫 the first is destroyed fifty-six times by fire, the second seven by water, the third once by wind, the fourth 'corresponding to a state of absolute indifference' remains 'untouched' by all the other evolutions; when 'fate (天命) comes to an end then the fourth dhyāna may come to an end too, but not sooner'. |
天道 see styles |
tiān dào tian1 dao4 t`ien tao tien tao tendou / tendo てんどう |
natural law; heavenly law; weather (dialect) (1) (てんとう only) the sun; (2) god of heaven and the earth; (3) laws governing the heavens; (4) {astron} celestial path; celestial motion; (5) {Buddh} (See 六道) deva realm (svarga); (surname, given name) Tendō deva-gati, or devasopāna, 天趣. (1) The highest of the six paths 六道, the realm of devas, i. e. the eighteen heavens of form and four of formlessness. A place of enjoyment, where the meritorious enjoy the fruits of good karma, but not a place of progress toward bodhisattva perfection. (2) The Dao of Heaven, natural law, cosmic energy; according to the Daoists, the origin and law of all things. |
小乘 see styles |
xiǎo shèng xiao3 sheng4 hsiao sheng shōjō |
Hinayana, the Lesser Vehicle; Buddhism in India before the Mayahana sutras; also pr. [Xiao3 cheng2] Hīnayāna 希那衍. The small, or inferior wain, or vehicle; the form of Buddhism which developed after Śākyamuni's death to about the beginning of the Christian era, when Mahāyāna doctrines were introduced. It is the orthodox school and more in direct line with the Buddhist succession than Mahāyānism which developed on lines fundamentally different. The Buddha was a spiritual doctor, less interested in philosophy than in the remedy for human misery and perpetual transmigration. He "turned aside from idle metaphysical speculations; if he held views on such topics, he deemed them valueless for the purposes of salvation, which was his goal" (Keith). Metaphysical speculations arose after his death, and naturally developed into a variety of Hīnayāna schools before and after the separation of a distinct school of Mahāyāna. Hīnayāna remains the form in Ceylon, Burma, and Siam, hence is known as Southern Buddhism in contrast with Northern Buddhism or Mahāyāna, the form chiefly prevalent from Nepal to Japan. Another rough division is that of Pali and Sanskrit, Pali being the general literary language of the surviving form of Hīnayāna, Sanskrit of Mahāyāna. The term Hīnayāna is of Mahāyānist origination to emphasize the universalism and altruism of Mahāyāna over the narrower personal salvation of its rival. According to Mahāyāna teaching its own aim is universal Buddhahood, which means the utmost development of wisdom and the perfect transformation of all the living in the future state; it declares that Hīnayāna, aiming at arhatship and pratyekabuddhahood, seeks the destruction of body and mind and extinction in nirvāṇa. For arhatship the 四諦Four Noble Truths are the foundation teaching, for pratyekabuddhahood the 十二因緣 twelve-nidānas, and these two are therefore sometimes styled the two vehicles 二乘. Tiantai sometimes calls them the (Hīnayāna) Tripiṭaka school. Three of the eighteen Hīnayāna schools were transported to China: 倶舍 (Abhidharma) Kośa; 成實 Satya-siddhi; and the school of Harivarman, the律 Vinaya school. These are described by Mahāyānists as the Buddha's adaptable way of meeting the questions and capacity of his hearers, though his own mind is spoken of as always being in the absolute Mahāyāna all-embracing realm. Such is the Mahāyāna view of Hīnayāna, and if the Vaipulya sūtras and special scriptures of their school, which are repudiated by Hīnayāna, are apocryphal, of which there seems no doubt, then Mahāyāna in condemning Hīnayāna must find other support for its claim to orthodoxy. The sūtras on which it chiefly relies, as regards the Buddha, have no authenticity; while those of Hīnayāna cannot be accepted as his veritable teaching in the absence of fundamental research. Hīnayāna is said to have first been divided into minority and majority sections immediately after the death of Śākyamuni, when the sthāvira, or older disciples, remained in what is spoken of as "the cave", some place at Rājagṛha, to settle the future of the order, and the general body of disciples remained outside; these two are the first 上坐部 and 大衆部 q. v. The first doctrinal division is reported to have taken place under the leadership of the monk 大天 Mahādeva (q.v.) a hundred years after the Buddha's nirvāṇa and during the reign of Aśoka; his reign, however, has been placed later than this by historians. Mahādeva's sect became the Mahāsāṅghikā, the other the Sthāvira. In time the two are said to have divided into eighteen, which with the two originals are the so-called "twenty sects" of Hīnayāna. Another division of four sects, referred to by Yijing, is that of the 大衆部 (Arya) Mahāsaṅghanikāya, 上座部 Āryasthavirāḥ, 根本說一切有部 Mūlasarvāstivādaḥ, and 正量部 Saṃmatīyāḥ. There is still another division of five sects, 五部律. For the eighteen Hīnayāna sects see 小乘十八部. |
有學 有学 see styles |
yǒu xué you3 xue2 yu hsüeh ugaku |
śaikṣa; in Hīnayāna those in the first three stages of training as arhats, the fourth and last stage being 無學 those beyond the need of further teaching or study. There are eighteen grades of śaikṣa. |
本識 本识 see styles |
běn shì ben3 shi4 pen shih honjiki |
The fundamental vijñāna, one of the eighteen names of the ālaya-vijñāna, the root of all things. |
梵天 see styles |
fàn tiān fan4 tian1 fan t`ien fan tien bonten ぼんてん |
Nirvana (in Buddhist scripture); Lord Brahma (the Hindu Creator) (1) Brahma (Hindu creator god); (2) (See 御幣) large staff with plaited paper streamers (used at religious festivals or as a sign); (3) buoy (used in longline fishing, gillnetting, etc.); (4) down puff (on the end of an ear pick); (given name) Bonten Brahmadeva. Brahmā, the ruler of this world. India. brahmaloka, the eighteen heavens of the realm of form, divided into four dhyāna regions (sixteen heavens in Southern Buddhism). The first three contain the 梵衆天 assembly of brahmadevas, i.e. the brahmakāyika; the 梵輔天 brahmspurohitas, retinue of Brahmā; and 大梵天 Mahābrahman, Brahman himself. |
法界 see styles |
fǎ jiè fa3 jie4 fa chieh hokkai; houkai / hokkai; hokai ほっかい; ほうかい |
(1) {Buddh} universe; (2) {Buddh} realm of thought; (3) {Buddh} underlying principle of reality; manifestation of true thusness; (4) (ほうかい only) (abbreviation) (See 法界悋気) being jealous of things that have nothing to do with one; being jealous of others who are in love with each other dharmadhātu, 法性; 實相; 達磨馱都 Dharma-element, -factor, or-realm. (1) A name for "things" in general, noumenal or phenomenal; for the physical universe, or any portion or phase of it. (2) The unifying underlying spiritual reality regarded as the ground or cause of all things, the absolute from which all proceeds. It is one of the eighteen dhātus. These are categories of three, four, five, and ten dharmadhātus; the first three are combinations of 事 and 理 or active and passive, dynamic and static; the ten are: Buddha-realm, Bodhisattva-realm, pratyekabuddha-realm, śrāvaka, deva, Human, asura, Demon, Animal, and Hades realms-a Huayan category. Tiantai has ten for meditaton, i.e. the realms of the eighteen media of perception (the six organs, six objects, and six sense-data or sensations), of illusion, sickness, karma, māra, samādhi, (false) views, pride, the two lower Vehicles, and the Bodhisattva Vehicle. |
準提 准提 see styles |
zhǔn tí zhun3 ti2 chun t`i chun ti Juntei |
Candī, or Cundi; also 准胝; 尊提. (1) In Brahmanic mythology a vindictive form of Durgā, or Pārvatī, wife of Śiva. (2) In China identified with Marīci 摩里支 or 天后 Queen of Heaven. She is represented with three eyes and eighteen arms; also as a form of Guanyin, or in Guanyin's retinue. |
色界 see styles |
sè jiè se4 jie4 se chieh shikikai しきかい |
{Buddh} (See 三界・1) form realm rūpadhātu, or rūpāvacara, or rūpaloka, any material world, or world of form; it especially refers to the second of the Trailokya 三界, the brahmalokas above the devalokas, comprising sixteen or seventeen or eighteen 'Heavens of Form', divided into four dhyānas, in which life lasts from one-fourth of a mahākalpa to 16,000 mahākalpas, and the average stature is from one-half a yojana to 16,000 yojanas. The inhabitants are above the desire for sex or food. The rūpadhātu, with variants, are given as— 初禪天 The first dhyāna heavens: 梵衆天 Brahmapāriṣadya, 梵輔天 Brahmapurohita or Brahmakāyika, 大梵天 Mahābrahmā. 二禪天 The second dhyāna heavens: 少光天 Parīttābha, 無量光天 Apramāṇābha, 光音天 Ābhāsvara. 三禪天 The third dhyāna heavens: 少淨天 Parīttaśubha, 無量淨天 Apramāṇaśubha, 徧淨天 Śubhakṛtsna. 四禪天 The fourth dhyāna heavens: 無雲天 Anabhraka, 福生天 Puṇyaprasava, 廣果天 Bṛhatphala, 無想天 Asañjñisattva, 無煩天 Avṛha, 無熱天 Atapa, 善現天 Sudṛśa, 善見天 Sudarśana, 色究竟天 Akaniṣṭha, 和音天 ? Aghaniṣṭha, 大自在天 Mahāmaheśvara. |
蘊界 蕴界 see styles |
yùn jiè yun4 jie4 yün chieh unkai |
reference to the five skandhas 五蘊 and eighteen realms 十八界 |
裂裳 see styles |
liè cháng lie4 chang2 lieh ch`ang lieh chang resshō |
The torn robe (of Buddhism), i.e. split into eighteen pieces, like the Hīnayāna sects. |
金杖 see styles |
jīn zhàng jin1 zhang4 chin chang konjō |
The golden staff broken into eighteen pieces and the skirt similarly torn, seen in a dream by king Bimbisāra, prophetic of the eighteen divisions of Hīnayāna. |
閻魔 阎魔 see styles |
yán mó yan2 mo2 yen mo enma えんま |
(Buddhism) Yama, the King of Hell {Buddh} Yama (King of Hell who judges the dead); Enma; (dei) Yama (King of Hell who judges the dead); Enma 閻王 閻羅; (閻魔王); 閻摩羅; 閻老 Yama, also v. 夜; 閻羅王 Yama. (1) In the Vedas the god of the dead, with whom the spirits of the departed dwell. He was son of the Sun and had a twin sister Yamī or Yamuna. By some they were looked upon as the first human pair. (2) In later Brahmanic mythology, one of the eight Lokapālas, guardian of the South and ruler of the Yamadevaloka and judge of the dead. (3) In Buddhist mythology, the regent of the Nārakas, residing south of Jambudvīpa, outside of the Cakravālas, in a palace of copper and iron. Originally he is described as a king of Vaiśālī, who, when engaged in a bloody war, wished he were master of hell, and was accordingly reborn as Yama in hell together with his eighteen generals and his army of 80,000 men, who now serve him in purgatory. His sister Yamī deals with female culprits. Three times in every twenty-four hours demon pours into Yama's mouth boiling copper (by way of punishment), his subordinates receiving the same dose at the same time, until their sins are expiated, when he will be reborn as Samantarāja 普王. In China he rules the fifth court of purgatory. In some sources he is spoken of as ruling the eighteen judges of purgatory. |
陰界 阴界 see styles |
yīn jiè yin1 jie4 yin chieh on gai |
The five skandhas and the eighteen dhātu. |
駄都 see styles |
tuó dōu tuo2 dou1 t`o tou to tou |
dhātu, intp. by 界 field, area, sphere; 體 embodiment, body, corpus; 性nature, characteristic. It means that which is placed or laid; a deposit, foundation, constituent, ingredient, element; also a śarīra, or relic of Buddha The two dhātus are the conditioned and unconditioned, phenomenal and noumenal; the three are the realms of desire, of form, and of the formless; the four are earth, water, fire, and air; the six add space and intelligence; the eighteen are the twelve āyatanas, with six sensations added. |
一斗缶 see styles |
ittokan いっとかん |
eighteen litre drum |
上座部 see styles |
shàng zuò bù shang4 zuo4 bu4 shang tso pu jouzabu / jozabu じょうざぶ |
Theravada school of Buddhism Sthaviravada (early Buddhist movement) 他毘梨典部; 他鞞羅部 Sthavirāḥ; Sthaviranikāya; or Āryasthāvirāḥ. The school of the presiding elder, or elders. The two earliest sections of Buddhism were this (which developed into the Mahāsthavirāḥ) and the Mahāsānghikāḥ or 大衆部. At first they were not considered to be different schools, the 上座部 merely representing the intimate and older disciples of Śākyamuni and the 大衆 being the rest. It is said that a century later under Mahādeva 大天 a difference of opinion arose on certain doctrines. Three divisions are named as resulting, viz. Mahāvihāravāsinaḥ, Jetavanīyāḥ, and Abhayagiri-vāsinaḥ. These were in Ceylon. In course of time the eighteen Hīnayāna sects were developed. From the time of Aśoka four principal schools are counted as prevailing: Mahāsāṅghika, Sthavira, Mūlasarvāstivda, and Saṁmitīya. The following is a list of the eleven sects reckoned as of the 上座部: 說一切有部; 雪山; 犢子; 法上; 賢冑; 正量; 密林山; 化地; 法藏; 飮光; and 經量部. The Sthaviravādin is reputed as nearest to early Buddhism in its tenets, though it is said to have changed the basis of Buddhism from an agnostic system to a realistic philosophy. |
二九韻 二九韵 see styles |
èr jiǔ yùn er4 jiu3 yun4 erh chiu yün niku(no)un |
The eighteen 丁岸哆 tiṇanta, personal endings of the Sanskrit verb. |
二十部 see styles |
èr shí bù er4 shi2 bu4 erh shih pu nijū bu |
The eighteen Hīnayāna sects, together with the two original assemblies of elders. |
二福田 see styles |
èr fú tián er4 fu2 tian2 erh fu t`ien erh fu tien ni fukuden |
The two fields for the cultivation of happiness: (a) 學人田 the eighteen Hīnayāna classes of those under training in religion; (b) 無學人田 the nine divisions of those no longer in training, i.e. who have completed their course. Also (a) 悲田 the pitable or poor and needy, as the field or opportunity for charity; (b) 敬田the field of religion and reverence of the Buddhas, the saints, the priesthood. |
八變化 八变化 see styles |
bā biàn huà ba1 bian4 hua4 pa pien hua hachi henge |
Eight supernatural powers of transformation, characteristics of every Buddha: (1) to shrink self or others, or the world and all things to an atom; (2) to enlarge ditto to fill all space; (3) to make the same light as a feather; (4) to make the same any size or anywhere at will; (5) everywhere and in everything to be omnipotent; (6) to be anywhere at will, either by self-transportation, or bringing the destination to himself, etc; (7) to shake all things (in the six, or eighteen ways); (8) to be one or many and at will pass through the solid or through space, or through fire or water, or transform the four elements at will, e.g. turn earth into water. Also 八神變; 八自在. |
六種界 六种界 see styles |
liù zhǒng jiè liu4 zhong3 jie4 liu chung chieh rokushu kai |
six categories of (the eighteen) realms |
十八位 see styles |
shí bā wèi shi2 ba1 wei4 shih pa wei jūhachii |
eighteen stages |
十八天 see styles |
shí bā tiān shi2 ba1 tian1 shih pa t`ien shih pa tien jūhachi ten |
Brahmaloka, the eighteen heavens of form, rūpadhātu, three of the first dhyāna, 梵衆天; 梵輔天; 大梵天; three of the second, 少光天; 無量光天; 光音; three of the third, 少淨天; 無量淨天; 徧淨天; and nine of the fourth, 無雲天; 福生天; 廣果天; 無想天; 無煩天; 無熱天; 善見天; 善現,天; 色究竟天 ."Southern Buddhism knows only sixteen. Those two which Northern Buddhists added are Punya-prasava 福生 and Anabhraka 無雲." Eitel. |
十八宗 see styles |
shí bā zōng shi2 ba1 zong1 shih pa tsung jūhachi shū |
The eighteen Japanese Buddhist sects, i.e. 三論; 法相; 華嚴; 律; 倶舍; 成實; 天台; 眞言; 融通念佛; 淨土; 眞; 日蓮; 時; 臨濟; 曹洞; 黃檗; 普化; and 修驗宗. |
十八日 see styles |
shí bā rì shi2 ba1 ri4 shih pa jih toyooka とよおか |
(1) eighteenth day of the month; (2) eighteen days; (surname) Toyooka eighteen days |
十八梵 see styles |
shí bā fàn shi2 ba1 fan4 shih pa fan jūhachi bon |
eighteen Brahmā heavens |
十八物 see styles |
shí bā wù shi2 ba1 wu4 shih pa wu jūhachi motsu |
The eighteen things a monk should carry in the performance of his duties—willow twigs, soap, the three garments, a water-bottle, a begging-bowl, mat, staff, censer, filter, handkerchief, knife, fire-producer, pincers hammock, sutra, the vinaya, the Buddha's image, and bodhisattva image or images; cf. 梵綱經 37. |
十八界 see styles |
shí bā jiè shi2 ba1 jie4 shih pa chieh juuhachikai; juuhakkai / juhachikai; juhakkai じゅうはちかい; じゅうはっかい |
{Buddh} (See 六境,六根,六識) eighteen components of perception (six sense objects, six sense faculties, six sense consciousnesses) The eighteen dhātu, or realms of sense, i.e. 六根, 六境, 六識 the six organs, their objects or conditions, and their perceptions. |
十八空 see styles |
shí bā kōng shi2 ba1 kong1 shih pa k`ung shih pa kung jūhachi kū |
eighteen aspects of emptiness |
十八經 十八经 see styles |
shí bā jīng shi2 ba1 jing1 shih pa ching jūhachi kyō |
(十八大經); 十八明處 The eighteen Indian non-Buddhist classics, i.e. the four vedas, six śāstras, and eight śāstras. |
十八賢 十八贤 see styles |
shí bā xián shi2 ba1 xian2 shih pa hsien jūhachi ken |
(十八聖 or 十八衆); 十八境界; 十八有學 v. 有學. |
十八道 see styles |
shí bā dào shi2 ba1 dao4 shih pa tao jūhachi dō |
In the two maṇḍalas, Vajradhātu and Garbhadhātu, each has nine central objects of worship. The Shingon disciple devotes himself to meditation on one of these eighteen each day. |
十八部 see styles |
shí bā bù shi2 ba1 bu4 shih pa pu jūhachi bu |
The eighteen schools of Hīnayāna as formerly existing in India; v. 小乘. |
十善巧 see styles |
shí shàn qiǎo shi2 shan4 qiao3 shih shan ch`iao shih shan chiao jū zengyō |
The ten good crafts, or meditations of pratyeka-buddhas, i. e. on the five skandhas, twelve 處, eighteen 界, twelve 因緣, etc. |
四空處 四空处 see styles |
sì kōng chù si4 kong1 chu4 ssu k`ung ch`u ssu kung chu shi kūsho |
(or四空天) catur-ārūpya brahmalokas; also 四無色界 and see 四空定. The four immaterial or formless heavens, arūpa-dhātu, above the eighteen brahmalokas: (1) 空無邊處 ākāśānantyāyatana, also termed 虛空 處 the state or heaven of boundless space; (2) 識無邊處 vijñānanāntyāyatana, of boundless knowledge; (3) 無所有處 ākiñcanyāyatana, of nothing, or nonexistence; (4) 非想非非想處 naivasanjñānasañjnāyatana, also styled 非有想非無想 the state of neither thinking nor not thinking (which may resemble a state of intuition). Existence in the first state lasts 20, 000 great kalpas, increasing respectively to 40, 000, 60, 000 and 80, 000 in the other three. |
居待ち see styles |
imachi いまち |
sitting while waiting; (according to the lunar calendar) an eighteen-day-old moon |
沙摩帝 see styles |
shā mó dì sha1 mo2 di4 sha mo ti Shamatei |
Saṃmatīya, 正量部 one of the eighteen Hīnayāna sects. |
白蓮社 白莲社 see styles |
bái lián shè bai2 lian2 she4 pai lien she byakurensha びゃくれんしゃ |
(surname) Byakurensha (白蓮華社) ; 白蓮之交; 蓮社 A society formed early in the fourth century A. D. by 慧遠 Huiyuan, who with 123 notable literati, swore to a life of purity before the image of Amitābha, and planted white lotuses in symbol. An account of seven of its succeeding patriarchs is given in the 佛祖統紀 26; as also of eighteen of its worthies. |
蘊處界 蕴处界 see styles |
yùn chù jiè yun4 chu4 jie4 yün ch`u chieh yün chu chieh un jo kai |
The five skandhas, twelve āyatana or bases, and eighteen 界 dhātu or elements. |
陰入界 阴入界 see styles |
yīn rù jiè yin1 ru4 jie4 yin ju chieh in nyū kai |
The five skandhas, the twelve entrances, or bases through which consciousness enters (āyatana), and the eighteen dhātu or elements, called the 三科. |
頗羅墮 颇罗堕 see styles |
pǒ luó duò po3 luo2 duo4 p`o lo to po lo to |
(or 頗羅吒) Bhāradvāja, descendant of the ancient sage Bharadvāja, intp. as one of the six (or eighteen) Brahmin surnames, and as meaning 利根 of keen mind, clever. |
不可得空 see styles |
bù kě dé kōng bu4 ke3 de2 kong1 pu k`o te k`ung pu ko te kung fu katoku kū |
One of the eighteen 空; it is the 言亡慮絕之空, the 'void' that is beyond words or thought. |
二九五部 see styles |
èr jiǔ wǔ bù er4 jiu3 wu3 bu4 erh chiu wu pu niku gobu |
The eighteen Hīnayāna sects and the five Vinaya 律sects. |
二十二門 二十二门 see styles |
èr shí èr mén er4 shi2 er4 men2 erh shih erh men nijūni mon |
The Abhidharma-kośa divides the eighteen realms 十八界 into twenty-two categories. Also, there are twenty-two modes or processes in the perfect development of a Buddha and his works. |
二十八天 see styles |
èr shí bā tiān er4 shi2 ba1 tian1 erh shih pa t`ien erh shih pa tien nijūhatten |
The twenty-eight heavens, or devalokas: six of the desire-world 欲界, eighteen of the form-world 色界, and four arūpa or formless heavens 無色界. The heavens of the world of form are sixteen according to the 薩婆多部 Sarvāstivāda School, seventeen according to 經部 Sūtra School, and eighteen according to the 上座 Sthavirāḥ. |
五部合斷 五部合断 see styles |
wǔ bù hé duàn wu3 bu4 he2 duan4 wu pu ho tuan gobu gōdan |
To cut off the five classes of misleading things, i. e. four 見 and one 修, i. e. false theory in regard to the 四諦 four truths, and erroneous practice. Each of the two classes is extended into each of the three divisions of past, three of present, and three of future, making eighteen mental conditions. |
倶倶羅部 倶倶罗部 see styles |
jù jù luó bù ju4 ju4 luo2 bu4 chü chü lo pu Kukurabu |
Kaukkuṭikāḥ is described as one of the eighteen schools of Hīnayāna; cf. 拘; 鳩; 窟; 居. |
八十一法 see styles |
bā shí yī fǎ ba1 shi2 yi1 fa3 pa shih i fa hachijūippō |
The eighty-one divisions in the Prajñā-pāramitā sūtra 大般若經 comprising form 色; mind 心; the five skandhas 五陰; twelve means of sensation 入; eighteen realms 界; four axioms 諦; twelve nidānas因緣; eighteen śūnya 空; six pāramitā 度, and four jñāna 智. Also 八十一科. |
六十四眼 see styles |
liù shí sì yǎn liu4 shi2 si4 yan3 liu shih ssu yen rokujūshi gen |
Eighteen lictors in the avīci hell each with sixty-four eyes. |
出世說部 出世说部 see styles |
chū shì shuō bù chu1 shi4 shuo1 bu4 ch`u shih shuo pu chu shih shuo pu Shusse setsu bu |
出世部 (出世間說部) (or 出世語言部) Lokottaravādinaḥ, 盧倶多婆拖部 an offshoot of the Māhāsaṇghikāḥ division of the eighteen Hīnayāna schools; the tenets of the school are unknown, but the name, as implied by the Chinese translation, suggests if not the idea of Ādi-Buddha, yet that of supra-mundane nature. |
十八不共 see styles |
shí bā bù gòng shi2 ba1 bu4 gong4 shih pa pu kung jūhachi fugū |
the eighteen kinds of uncommon merits of a buddha |
十八圓淨 十八圆淨 see styles |
shí bā yuán jìng shi2 ba1 yuan2 jing4 shih pa yüan ching jūhachi enjō |
The eighteen perfections of a buddha's sambhogakāya, v. 三身. Also 十八圓滿. |
十八圓滿 十八圆满 see styles |
shí bā yuán mǎn shi2 ba1 yuan2 man3 shih pa yüan man jūhachi enman |
eighteen perfections of a buddha's sambhogakāya |
十八境界 see styles |
shí bā jìng jiè shi2 ba1 jing4 jie4 shih pa ching chieh jūhachi kyōgai |
eighteen worthies |
十八大經 十八大经 see styles |
shí bā dà jīng shi2 ba1 da4 jing1 shih pa ta ching jūhachi dai kyō |
eighteen (non-Buddhist) classics (of Indian philosophy) |
十八應眞 十八应眞 see styles |
shí bā yìng zhēn shi2 ba1 ying4 zhen1 shih pa ying chen jūhachi ōshin |
The eighteen arhats. |
十八明處 十八明处 see styles |
shí bā míng chù shi2 ba1 ming2 chu4 shih pa ming ch`u shih pa ming chu jūhachi myōsho |
eighteen (non-Buddhist) classics (of Indian philosophy) |
十八有學 十八有学 see styles |
shí bā yǒu xué shi2 ba1 you3 xue2 shih pa yu hsüeh jūhachi ugaku |
eighteen levels in application of practices |
十八梵天 see styles |
shí bā fàn tiān shi2 ba1 fan4 tian1 shih pa fan t`ien shih pa fan tien jūhachi bonten |
eighteen brahma heavens |
十八檀林 see styles |
juuhachidanrin / juhachidanrin じゅうはちだんりん |
(See 浄土宗,関東・1) eighteen centers of Buddhist learning (of the Pure Land sect in the Kanto region) |
十八生處 十八生处 see styles |
shí bā shēng chù shi2 ba1 sheng1 chu4 shih pa sheng ch`u shih pa sheng chu jūhachi shōsho |
The eighteen Brahmalokas, where rebirth is necessary, i.e. where mortality still exists. |
十八空論 十八空论 see styles |
shí bā kōng lùn shi2 ba1 kong1 lun4 shih pa k`ung lun shih pa kung lun Jūhachikū ron |
Treatise on the Eighteen Emptinesses |
十八賢聖 十八贤圣 see styles |
shí bā xián shèng shi2 ba1 xian2 sheng4 shih pa hsien sheng jūhachi kenjō |
eighteen wise sages |
地婆訶羅 地婆诃罗 see styles |
dì pó hē luó di4 po2 he1 luo2 ti p`o ho lo ti po ho lo Jibakara |
Divākara, tr. as 日照 Jih-chao, a śramaṇa from Central India, A. D. 676-688, tr. of eighteen or nineteen works, introduced an alphabet of forty-two letters or characters. |
大梵天王 see styles |
dà fàn tiān wáng da4 fan4 tian1 wang2 ta fan t`ien wang ta fan tien wang Daibon Tennō |
Mahābrahma deva rāja, king of the eighteen Brahmalokas. |
沙那利迦 see styles |
shān à lì jiā shan1 a4 li4 jia1 shan a li chia Shanarika |
ṣāṇṇagarika, one of the eighteen Hīnayāna sects. |
界內事教 界内事教 see styles |
jien ei shì jiào jien4 ei4 shi4 jiao4 jien ei shih chiao kainai (no) jikyō |
Tiantai's term for the Tripiṭaka school, i. e. Hīnayāna, which deals rather with immediate practice, confining itself to the five skandhas, twelve stages, and eighteen regions, and having but imperfect ideas of 空 the illimitable. |
瞿曇留支 瞿昙留支 see styles |
jù tán liú zhī ju4 tan2 liu2 zhi1 chü t`an liu chih chü tan liu chih Gudon Rushi |
Gautama-prajñāruci, (瞿曇般若留支) or 瞿曇流支 (瞿曇般若流支) from Benares, tr. some eighteen works, A.D. 538-543. |
十八不共法 see styles |
shí bā bù gòng fǎ shi2 ba1 bu4 gong4 fa3 shih pa pu kung fa jūhachi fugū hō |
the eighteen distinctive characteristics as defined by Hīnayāna are his 十力, 四無畏, 三念住 and his 大悲; the Mahāyāna eighteen are perfection of body; of speech; of memory; impartiality or universality; ever in samādhi; entre self-abnegation; never diminishing will (to save); zeal; thought; wisdom; salvation; insight into salvation; deeds and mind accordant with wisdom; also his speech; also his mind; omniscience in regard to the past; also to the present; and to the future.; āveṇikadharma, or buddhadharma, the eighteen different characteristics of a Buddha as compared with bodhisattvas, i.e. his perfection of body (or person), mouth (or speech), memory, impartiality to all, serenity, self-sacrifice, unceasing desire to save, unfagging zeal therein unfailing thought thereto, wisdom in it, powers of deliverance, the principles of it, revealing perfect wisdom in deed, in word, in thought, perfect knowledge of past, future, and present, v. 智度論 26. |
十八重地獄 十八重地狱 see styles |
shí bā zhòng dì yù shi2 ba1 zhong4 di4 yu4 shih pa chung ti yü jūhachi jū jigoku |
The eighteen layers of hells, which are described by one writer as the conditions in which the six sense organs, their six objects, and the six perceptions do not harmonize. Another says the eighteen are the hell of knives, the boiling sands, the boiling excrement, the fiery carriage, the boiling cauldron, the iron bed, etc. |
十八阿羅漢 十八阿罗汉 see styles |
shí bā ā luó hàn shi2 ba1 a1 luo2 han4 shih pa a lo han jūhachi arakan |
eighteen arhats |
女大十八變 女大十八变 see styles |
nǚ dà shí bā biàn nu:3 da4 shi2 ba1 bian4 nü ta shih pa pien |
lit. a girl changes eighteen times between childhood and womanhood (idiom); fig. a young woman is very different from the little girl she once was |
小乘十八部 see styles |
xiǎo shèng shí bā bù xiao3 sheng4 shi2 ba1 bu4 hsiao sheng shih pa pu shōjō jūhachi bu |
A Chinese list of the "eighteen" sects of the Hīnayāna, omitting Mahāsāṅghikāḥ, Sthavira, and Sarvāstivādah as generic schools: I. 大衆部 The Mahāsāṅghikāḥ is divided into eight schools as follows: (1) 一說部 Ekavyavahārikāḥ; (2) 說出世部 Lokottaravādinaḥ; (3) 雞胤部 Kaukkuṭikāḥ (Gokulikā); (4) 多聞部 Bahuśrutīyāḥ; (5) 說假部 Prajñāptivadinaḥ; (6) 制多山部 Jetavaniyāḥ, or Caityaśailāḥ; (7) 西山住部 Aparaśailāḥ; (8) 北山住部 Uttaraśailāḥ. II. 上坐部 Āryasthavirāḥ, or Sthāviravādin, divided into eight schools: (1) 雪山部 Haimavatāḥ. The 說一切有部 Sarvāstivādaḥ gave rise to (2) 犢子部 Vātsīputrīyāḥ, which gave rise to (3) 法上部 Dharmottarīyāḥ; (4) 賢冑部 Bhadrayānīyāḥ; (5) 正量部 Saṃmatīyāḥ; and (6) 密林山 Saṇṇagarikāḥ; (7) 化地部 Mahīśāsakāḥ produced (8) 法藏部 Dharmaguptāḥ. From the Sarvāstivādins arose also (9) 飮光部 Kāśyaḥpīyā and (10) 經量部 Sautrāntikāḥ. v. 宗輪論. Cf Keith, 149-150. The division of the two schools is ascribed to Mahādeva a century after the Nirvāṇa. Under I the first five are stated as arising two centuries after the Nirvāṇa, and the remaining three a century later, dates which are unreliable. Under II, the Haimavatāḥ and the Sarvāstivādaḥ are dated some 200 years after the Nirvāṇa; from the Sarvāstivādins soon arose the Vātsīputrīyas, from whom soon sprang the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth; then from the Sarvāstivādins there arose the seventh which gave rise to the eighth, and again, nearing the 400th year, the Sarvāstivādins gave rise to the ninth and soon after the tenth. In the list of eighteen the Sarvāstivādah is not counted, as it split into all the rest. |
色界十八天 see styles |
sè jiè shí bā tiān se4 jie4 shi2 ba1 tian1 se chieh shih pa t`ien se chieh shih pa tien shikikai jūhachiten |
eighteen heavens of the form realm |
蘊處界三科 蕴处界三科 see styles |
yùn chù jiè sān kē yun4 chu4 jie4 san1 ke1 yün ch`u chieh san k`o yün chu chieh san ko unshokai sanka |
three categories of the five skandhas 五蘊, twelve loci 十二處, and eighteen realms |
跋陀羅耶尼 跋陀罗耶尼 see styles |
bá tuó luó yé ní ba2 tuo2 luo2 ye2 ni2 pa t`o lo yeh ni pa to lo yeh ni Badarayani |
Bhadrayāniyāh, v. 小乘, one of the eighteen Hīnayāna sects. |
エイティーン see styles |
eitiin / etin エイティーン |
eighteen |
七倶胝佛母尊 see styles |
qī jù zhī fó mǔ zūn qi1 ju4 zhi1 fo2 mu3 zun1 ch`i chü chih fo mu tsun chi chü chih fo mu tsun Shichikuchi butsumo son |
Saptakotibuddha-mātṛ. The fabulous mother of seven koṭīs of Buddhas; i.e. Marīci 摩利支; also 準提 Cundī, or Cundā; or 準提觀音 Cundī-Guanyin, q.v., who is represented as of whitish color, with eighteen hands and three eyes. |
関東十八檀林 see styles |
kantoujuuhachidanrin / kantojuhachidanrin かんとうじゅうはちだんりん |
(See 浄土宗,関東・1) eighteen centers of Buddhist learning (of the Pure Land sect in the Kanto region) |
Variations: |
ittokan いっとかん |
eighteen litre drum |
Variations: |
juuhachi / juhachi じゅうはち |
(numeric) 18; eighteen |
Variations: |
juuhachi / juhachi じゅうはち |
(numeric) eighteen; 18 |
金剛頂經瑜伽十八會指歸 金刚顶经瑜伽十八会指归 see styles |
jīn gāng dǐng jīng yú jiā shí bā huì zhǐ guī jin1 gang1 ding3 jing1 yu2 jia1 shi2 ba1 hui4 zhi3 gui1 chin kang ting ching yü chia shih pa hui chih kuei Kongōchōgyō yuga jūhachi e shīki |
Synopsis of the Eighteen Assemblies in the Vajraśekhara Yoga |
Variations: |
juuhachinichi / juhachinichi じゅうはちにち |
(1) eighteenth day of the month; (2) eighteen days |
Entries with 2nd row of characters: The 2nd row is Simplified Chinese.
This page contains 95 results for "eighteen 18" in Chinese and/or Japanese.Information about this dictionary:
Apparently, we were the first ones who were crazy enough to think that western people might want a combined Chinese, Japanese, and Buddhist dictionary.
A lot of westerners can't tell the difference between Chinese and Japanese - and there is a reason for that. Chinese characters and even whole words were borrowed by Japan from the Chinese language in the 5th century. Much of the time, if a word or character is used in both languages, it will have the same or a similar meaning. However, this is not always true. Language evolves, and meanings independently change in each language.
Example: The Chinese character 湯 for soup (hot water) has come to mean bath (hot water) in Japanese. They have the same root meaning of "hot water", but a 湯屋 sign on a bathhouse in Japan would lead a Chinese person to think it was a "soup house" or a place to get a bowl of soup. See this: Japanese Bath House
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Chinese Buddhist terms come from Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms by William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous. This is commonly referred to as "Soothill's'". It was first published in 1937 (and is now off copyright so we can use it here). Some of these definitions may be misleading, incomplete, or dated, but 95% of it is good information. Every professor who teaches Buddhism or Eastern Religion has a copy of this on their bookshelf. We incorporated these 16,850 entries into our dictionary database ourselves (it was lot of work).
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