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Mandarin Chinese information.
Old Wade-Giles romanization used only in Taiwan.
Japanese information.
Buddhist definition. Note: May not apply to all sects.
 Definition may be different outside of Buddhism.

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Characters Pronunciation
Romanization
Simple Dictionary Definition

see styles

    ji4
chi
 jaku; seki
    じゃく; せき

More info & calligraphy:

Silent / Solitary
silent; solitary; Taiwan pr. [ji2]
(1) (entering into) nirvana; (suffix noun) (2) (used after a date to indicate the death of a monk at that time) died; (adj-t,adv-to) (3) (usu. せき) silent; tranquil; (female given name) Yoshika
praśama; vivikta; śānti. Still, silent, quiet, solitary, calm, tranquil, nirvāṇa.

慧能

see styles
huì néng
    hui4 neng2
hui neng
 enou / eno
    えのう

More info & calligraphy:

Huineng
Huineng (638-713), the Sixth Patriarch of Chan Buddhism
(person) Huineng (638-713)
The power of wisdom. Huineng, name of a noted monk, sixth patriarch of the Intuitional or Meditation sect; died 713.

軍神

see styles
 gunshin; ikusagami; gunjin(ok)
    ぐんしん; いくさがみ; ぐんじん(ok)

More info & calligraphy:

God of War
(1) god of war; (2) (ぐんしん, ぐんじん only) war hero (who died in battle); (surname) Gunshin

釋迦牟尼


释迦牟尼

see styles
shì jiā móu ní
    shi4 jia1 mou2 ni2
shih chia mou ni
 Shakamuni

More info & calligraphy:

Shakyamuni / The Buddha
Shakyamuni (Sanskrit for "the Sage of the Shakyas", i.e. the Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama)
釋迦文 (釋迦文尼); 釋伽文 Śākyamuni, the saint of the Śākya tribe. muni is saint, holy man, sage, ascetic monk; it is: intp. as 仁 benevolent, charitable, kind, also as 寂默 one who dwells in seclusion. After '500 or 550' previous incarnations, Śākyamuni finally attained to the state of Bodhisattva, was born in the Tuṣita heaven, and descended as a white elephant, through her right side, into the womb of the immaculate Māyā, the purest woman on earth; this was on the 8th day of the 4th month; next year on the 8th day of the 2nd month he was born from her right side painlessly as she stood under a tree in the Lumbinī garden. For the subsequent miraculous events v. Eitel. also the 神通遊戲經 (Lalitavistara), the 釋迦如來成道記, etc. Simpler statements say that he was born the son of Śuddhodana, of the kṣatriya caste, ruler of Kapilavastu, and Māyā his wife; that Māyā died seven days later, leaving him to be brought up by her sister Prājapati; that in due course he was married to Yaśodharā who bore him a son, Rāhula; that in search of truth he left home, became an ascetic, severely disciplined himself, and finally at 35 years of age, under a tree, realized that the way of release from the chain of rebirth and death lay not in asceticism but in moral purity; this he explained first in his four dogmas, v. 四諦 and eightfold noble way 八正道, later amplified and developed in many sermons. He founded his community on the basis of poverty, chastity, and insight or meditation, ad it became known as Buddhism, as he became known as Buddha, the enlightened. His death was probably in or near 487 B.C., a few years before that of Confucius in 479. The sacerdotal name of his family is Gautama, said to be the original name of the whole clan, Śākya being that of his branch, v. 瞿, 喬.; his personal name was Siddhārtha, or Sarvārthasiddha, v. 悉.

see styles

    si4
ssu
 shoku(p); jiki(ok); shi(ok)
    しょく(P); じき(ok); し(ok)
to feed (a person or animal)
(1) food; foodstuff; (2) (しょく only) eating; appetite; (n,ctr) (3) (しょく only) meal; portion
āhāra, 阿賀羅 food; to eat, feed. The rules are numerous, and seem to have changed; originally flesh food was not improper and vegetarianism was a later development; the early three rules in regard to 'clean' foods are that 'I shall not have seen the creature killed, nor heard it killed for me, nor have any doubt that it was killed for me'. The five 'unclean' foods are the above three, with creatures that have died a natural death; and creatures that have been killed by other creatures. The nine classes add to the five, creatures not killed for me; raw flesh, or creatures mauled by other creatures; things not seasonable or at the right time; things previously killed. The Laṅkavātāra Sutra and certain other sutras forbid all killed food.

不帰

see styles
 fuki
    ふき
(noun - becomes adjective with の) (See 不帰の客となる) returning no more (usu. of a person who has died); dying

不空

see styles
bù kōng
    bu4 kong1
pu k`ung
    pu kung
 fukuu / fuku
    ふくう
(given name, person) Fukuu
Amogha, Amoghavajra. 不空三藏; 智藏; 阿目佉跋折羅 Not empty (or not in vain) vajra. The famous head of the Yogācāra school in China. A Singhalese of northern brahmanic descent, having lost his father, he came at the age of 15 with his uncle to 東海, the eastern sea, or China, where in 718 he became a disciple of 金剛智 Vajrabodhi. After the latter's death in 732, and at his wish, Eliot says in 741, he went to India and Ceylon in search of esoteric or tantric writings, and returned in 746, when he baptized the emperor Xuan Tsung. He was especially noted for rain-making and stilling storms. In 749 he received permission to return home, but was stopped by imperial orders when in the south of China. In ?756 under Su Tsung he was recalled to the capital. His time until 771 was spent translating and editing tantric books in 120 volumes, and the Yogacara 密教 rose to its peak of prosperity. He died greatly honoured at 70 years of age, in 774, the twelfth year of Tai Tsung, the third emperor under whom he had served. The festival of feeding the hungry spirits 孟蘭勝會 is attributed to him. His titles of 智藏 and 不空三藏 are Thesaurus of Wisdom and Amogha Tripitaka.

元照

see styles
yuán zhào
    yuan2 zhao4
yüan chao
 mototeru
    もとてる
(given name) Mototeru
Name of 湛然 Chan-jan, the seventh head of the Tiantai School; he died 1116.

冤魂

see styles
yuān hún
    yuan1 hun2
yüan hun
ghost of one who died unjustly; departed spirit demanding vengeance for grievances

吳廣


吴广

see styles
wú guǎng
    wu2 guang3
wu kuang
Wu Guang (died 208 BC), Qin dynasty rebel, leader of the Chen Sheng Wu Guang Uprising 陳勝吳廣起義|陈胜吴广起义[Chen2 Sheng4 Wu2 Guang3 Qi3 yi4]

吹了

see styles
chuī le
    chui1 le5
ch`ui le
    chui le
failed; busted; to have not succeeded; to have died; to have parted company; to have chilled (of a relationship)

地藏

see styles
dì zàng
    di4 zang4
ti tsang
 jizou / jizo
    じぞう
Kṣitigarbha, the Bodhisattva of the Great Vow (to save all souls before accepting Bodhi); also translated Earth Treasury, Earth Womb, or Earth Store Bodhisattva
(surname) Jizou
Ti-tsang, J. Jizō, Kṣitigarbha, 乞叉底蘗沙; Earth-store, Earth-treasury, or Earthwomb. One of the group of eight Dhvani- Bodhisattvas. With hints of a feminine origin, he is now the guardian of the earth. Though associated with Yama as overlord, and with the dead and the hells, his role is that of saviour. Depicted with the alarum staff with its six rings, he is accredited with power over the hells and is devoted to the saving of all creatures between the nirvana of Śākyamuni and the advent of Maitreya the fifth century he has been especially considered as the deliverer from the hells. His central place in China is at Chiu-hua-shan, forty li south-west of Ch'ing-yang in Anhui. In Japan he is also the protector of travellers by land and his image accordingly appears on the roads; bereaved parents put stones by his images to seek his aid in relieving the labours of their dead in the task of piling stones on the banks of the Buddhist Styx; he also helps women in labour. He is described as holding a place between the gods and men on the one hand and the hells on the other for saving all in distress; some say he is an incarnation of Yama. At dawn he sits immobile on the earth 地 and meditates on the myriads of its beings 藏. When represented as a monk, it may be through the influence of a Korean monk who is considered to be his incarnation, and who came to China in 653 and died in 728 at the age of 99 after residing at Chiu-hua-shan for seventy-five years: his body, not decaying, is said to have been gilded over and became an object of worship. Many have confused 眞羅 part of Korea with 暹羅 Siam. There are other developments of Ti-tsang, such as the 六地藏 Six Ti-tsang, i. e. severally converting or transforming those in the hells, pretas, animals, asuras, men, and the devas; these six Ti-tsang have different images and symbols. Ti-tsang has also six messengers 六使者: Yama for transforming those in hell; the pearl-holder for pretas; the strong one or animals; the devīof mercy for asuras; the devī of the treasure for human beings; one who has charge of the heavens for the devas. There is also the 延命地藏 Yanming Ti-tsang, who controls length of days and who is approached, as also may be P'u-hsien, for that Purpose; his two assistants are the Supervisors of good and evil 掌善 and 掌惡. Under another form, as 勝軍地藏 Ti-tsang is chiefly associated with the esoteric cult. The benefits derived from his worship are many, some say ten, others say twenty-eight. His vows are contained in the 地藏菩薩本願經. There is also the 大乘大集地藏十電經 tr. by Xuanzang in 10 juan in the seventh century, which probably influenced the spread of the Ti-tsang cult.

堅林


坚林

see styles
jiān lín
    jian1 lin2
chien lin
 Kenrin
(堅固林) The grove of Sala trees, in which Sakyamuni died.

大顚

see styles
dà diān
    da4 dian1
ta tien
 Daiten
Da Dian, the appellation of a famous monk and writer, named 寶通 Baotong, whom tigers followed; he died at 93 years of age in A. D. 824; author of 般若波羅蜜多心經 and 金剛經釋義.

天親


天亲

see styles
tiān qīn
    tian1 qin1
t`ien ch`in
    tien chin
 amachika
    あまちか
one's flesh and blood
(surname) Amachika
Vasubandhu, 伐蘇畔度; 婆藪槃豆 (or 婆修槃豆) (or 婆修槃陀) 'akin to the gods ', or 世親 'akin to the world'. Vasubandhu is described as a native of Puruṣapura, or Peshawar, by Eitel as of Rājagriha, born '900 years after the nirvana', or about A. D. 400; Takakusu suggests 420-500, Peri puts his death not later than 350. In Eitel's day the date of his death was put definitely at A. D. 117. Vasubandhu's great work, the Abhidharmakośa, is only one of his thirty-six works. He is said to be the younger brother of Asaṅga of the Yogācāra school, by whom he was converted from the Sarvāstivāda school of thought to that of Mahāyāna and of Nāgārjuna. On his conversion he would have 'cut out his tongue' for its past heresy, but was dissuaded by his brother, who bade him use the same tongue to correct his errors, whereupon he wrote the 唯識論 and other Mahayanist works. He is called the twenty-first patriarch and died in Ayodhya.

宿草

see styles
sù cǎo
    su4 cao3
su ts`ao
    su tsao
grass that has grown on a grave since last year; (fig.) grave; to have died long ago; fodder provided to animals for the night

寶雲


宝云

see styles
bǎo yún
    bao3 yun2
pao yün
 houun / houn
    ほううん
(personal name) Houun
Baoyun, a monk of 涼州 Liangzhou, who travelled to India, circa A.D. 397, returned to Chang'an, and died 449 aged 74.

尸城

see styles
shī chéng
    shi1 cheng2
shih ch`eng
    shih cheng
 Shijō
Kuśinagara or Kuśigramaka. 拘尸那城; 拘尸那揭羅; 拘夷那竭; 拘尸城 Explained by 九土生地 the birthplace of nine scholars. An ancient kingdom and city, near Kasiah, 180 miles north of Patna; the place where Śākyamuni died.

岑彭

see styles
cén péng
    cen2 peng2
ts`en p`eng
    tsen peng
Cen Peng (died 35 AD), Chinese general

帝乙

see styles
dì yǐ
    di4 yi3
ti i
Di Yi (died 1076 BC), Shang dynasty king, reigned 1101-1076 BC

張華


张华

see styles
zhāng huá
    zhang1 hua2
chang hua
Zhang Hua (232-300), Western Jin writer, poet and politician; Zhang Hua (1958-1982), student held up as a martyr after he died saving an old peasant from a septic tank; other Zhang Hua's too numerous to mention

恋塚

see styles
 koizuka
    こいづか
burial mound for person who died for love; (surname) Koizuka

慈恩

see styles
cí ēn
    ci2 en1
tz`u en
    tzu en
 jion
    じおん
(given name) Jion
Compassion and grace, merciful favour; name of a temple in Luoyang, under the Tang dynasty, which gave its name to Kuiji 窺基 q.v., founder of the 法相 school, known also as the 慈恩 or 唯識 school; he was a disciple of and collaborator with Xuanzang, and died A.D. 682.

慧日

see styles
huì rì
    hui4 ri4
hui jih
 enichi
    えにち
{Buddh} sun of wisdom; Buddha's or Bodhisattva's limitless light of wisdom; (given name) Enichi
Wisdom-sun, Buddha-wisdom. Huiri, a celebrated Tang monk and author (disciple of Yijing) who also went on pilgrimage to India and spent thirteen years there, died A.D. 748; entitled 慈愍三藏.

慧琳

see styles
huì lín
    hui4 lin2
hui lin
 erin
    えりん
(female given name) Erin
Huilin, a disciple of the Indian monk Amogha 不空; he made the 慧琳音義 dictionary of sounds and meanings of Buddhist words and phrases, based upon the works of 玄應 Xuanying, 慧苑 Huiyuan, 窺基 Kueji, and 雲公 Yungong, in 100 juan, beginning the work in A. D. 788 and ending it in 810. He is also called 大藏音義; died 820.

慧觀


慧观

see styles
huì guān
    hui4 guan1
hui kuan
 ekan
    えかん
(personal name) Ekan
Huiguan, one of Kumārajīva's chief assistants in translation, died 424.

招魂

see styles
zhāo hún
    zhao1 hun2
chao hun
 shoukon / shokon
    しょうこん
to call back the soul of sb who has died or is seriously ill; (fig.) to resurrect (an old system etc)
invocation of the dead
To call back the spirit (of the dead).

撫卹


抚恤

see styles
fǔ xù
    fu3 xu4
fu hsü
(of an organization that has a duty of care) to give financial support to relatives of sb who has died or suffered serious injury

晤恩

see styles
wù ēn
    wu4 en1
wu en
 Goon
Wusi, founder of the 山外 external school of the Tiantai, died A.D. 986.

智顗


智𫖮

see styles
zhì yǐ
    zhi4 yi3
chih i
 Chigi
Zhiyi (538-597), founder of the Tiantai sect of Buddhism
Zhiyi, founder of the Tiantai school, also known as 智者 and 天台 (天台大師); his surname was 陳 Chen; his 字 was 德安, De-an; born about A. D. 538, he died in 597 at 60 years of age. He was a native of 頴川 Ying-chuan in Anhui, became a neophyte at 7, was fully ordained at 20. At first a follower of 慧思, Huisi, in 575 he went to the Tiantai mountain in Chekiang, where he founded his famous school on the Lotus Sūtra as containing the complete gospel of the Buddha.

月忌

see styles
yuè jì
    yue4 ji4
yüeh chi
 gakki
The return of the day in each month when a person died.

杞婦


杞妇

see styles
qǐ fù
    qi3 fu4
ch`i fu
    chi fu
the wife of 杞梁[Qi3 Liang2], a senior official of the state of Qi 杞[Qi3] who died on a military expedition; (fig.) a widow

林變


林变

see styles
lín biàn
    lin2 bian4
lin pien
 rinpen
The trees of the wood turned white when the Buddha died.

楊業


杨业

see styles
yáng yè
    yang2 ye4
yang yeh
Yang Ye (died 986), Chinese military general of the Northern Han and the Northern Song dynasties, defended the Song against invasion by the Liao 遼|辽[Liao2]

殉死

see styles
xùn sǐ
    xun4 si3
hsün ssu
 junshi
    じゅんし
to be buried alive as sacrifice (together with husband or superior)
(n,vs,vi) following one's master into the grave; committing suicide after one's lord has died

江西

see styles
jiāng xī
    jiang1 xi1
chiang hsi
 kousei / kose
    こうせい
Jiangxi province (Kiangsi) in southeast China, abbr. 贛|赣[Gan4], capital Nanchang 南昌[Nan2 chang1]
(place-name) Jiangxi (China); Kiangsi
A title of 馬祖 Mazu, who was a noted monk in Kiangsi, died 788.

沒已


没已

see styles
mò yǐ
    mo4 yi3
mo i
 motsui
having died

湛然

see styles
zhàn rán
    zhan4 ran2
chan jan
 tanzen
    たんぜん
(adj-no,adj-t,adv-to) still and full of water; quiet and unmoving
Zhanran, the sixth Tiantai patriarch, also known as 荆溪 Jingqi; died A. D. 784; author of many books.

澄觀


澄观

see styles
chéng guān
    cheng2 guan1
ch`eng kuan
    cheng kuan
 choukan / chokan
    ちょうかん
(personal name) Chōkan
Chengguan, a famous monk and author, a follower of 賢首 Xianshou and supporter of the Huayan school, died A.D. 806.

玄奘

see styles
xuán zàng
    xuan2 zang4
hsüan tsang
 genjou / genjo
    げんじょう
Xuanzang (602-664), Tang dynasty Buddhist monk and translator who traveled to India 629-645
(given name) Genjō; (person) Xuanzang (602-664)
Xuanzang, whose name is written variously e. g. Hsüan Chuang, Hiüen-tsang, Hiouen Tsang, Yüan Tsang, Yüen Chwang; the famous pilgrim to India, whose surname was 陳 Chen and personal name 禕 Wei; a native of Henan, A. D. 600-664 (Giles). It is said that he entered a monastery at 13 years of age and in 618 with his elder brother, who had preceded him in becoming a monk, went to Chang-an 長安, the capital, where in 622 he was fully ordained. Finding that China possessed only half of the Buddhist classics, he took his staff, bound his feet, and on foot braved the perils of the deserts and mountains of Central Asia. The date of his setting out is uncertain (629 or 627), but the year of his arrival in India is given as 633: after visiting and studying in many parts of India, he returned home, reaching the capital in 645, was received with honour and presented his collection of 657 works, 'besides many images and pictures, and one hundred and fifty relics, 'to the Court. Taizong, the emperor, gave him the 弘福寺 Hongfu monastery in which to work. He presented the manuscript of his famous 大唐西域記 Record of Western Countries in 646 and completed it as it now stands by 648. The emperor Gaozong called him to Court in 653 and gave him the 慈恩寺 Cien monastery in which to work, a monastery which ever after was associated with him; in 657 he removed him to the 玉華宮 Yuhua Gong and made that palace a monastery. He translated seventy-five works in 1335 juan. In India he received the titles of 摩訶耶那提婆 Mahāyānadeva and 木叉提婆 Mokṣadeva; he was also known as 三藏法師 Tripiṭaka teacher of Dharma. He died in 664, in his 65th year.

玄暢


玄畅

see styles
xuán chàng
    xuan2 chang4
hsüan ch`ang
    hsüan chang
 Genchō
Xuanchang, a famous Shensi monk, who was invited to be tutor of the heir-apparent, A. D. 445, but refused, died 484.

玄朗

see styles
xuán lǎng
    xuan2 lang3
hsüan lang
 genrou / genro
    げんろう
(personal name) Genrou
Xuanlang, a Chekiang monk of the Tang dynasty, died 854, at 83 years of age, noted for his influence on his disciples and for having remained in one room for over thirty years: also called 慧明 Huiming and 左溪 Zuoqi.

玄沙

see styles
xuán shā
    xuan2 sha1
hsüan sha
 Gensha
Xuansha, a famous Fukien monk who had over 800 disciples, died A. D. 908; his chief subjects were the fundamental ailments of men— blindness, deafness, and dumbness.

禾山

see styles
hé shān
    he2 shan1
ho shan
 nogiyama
    のぎやま
(surname) Nogiyama
Ho-Shan, a monastery in 吉州 Chi-chou, and its abbot who died A. D. 960.

義淨


义淨

see styles
yì jìng
    yi4 jing4
i ching
 Gijō
Yijing, A.D. 635-713, the famous monk who in 671 set out by the sea-route for India, where he remained for over twenty years, spending half this period in the Nālandā monastery. He returned to China in 695, was received with much honour, brought back some four hundred works, tr. with Śikṣānanda the Avataṃsaka-sūtra, later tr. many other works and left a valuable account of his travels and life in India, died aged 79.

賀龍


贺龙

see styles
hè lóng
    he4 long2
ho lung
He Long (1896-1969), important communist military leader, died from persecution during the Cultural Revolution

鄒容


邹容

see styles
zōu róng
    zou1 rong2
tsou jung
Zou Rong (1885-1905), a martyr of the anti-Qing revolution, died in jail in 1905

鄧拓


邓拓

see styles
dèng tuò
    deng4 tuo4
teng t`o
    teng to
Deng Tuo (1912-1966), sociologist and journalist, died under persecution at the start of the Cultural Revolution; wrote under the pen name Ma Nancun 馬南邨|马南邨

陳勝


陈胜

see styles
chén shèng
    chen2 sheng4
ch`en sheng
    chen sheng
 chinshou / chinsho
    ちんしょう
Chen Sheng (died 208 BC), Qin dynasty rebel, leader of the Chen Sheng Wu Guang Uprising 陳勝吳廣起義|陈胜吴广起义[Chen2 Sheng4 Wu2 Guang3 Qi3 yi4]
(given name) Chinshou

陳嬌


陈娇

see styles
chén jiāo
    chen2 jiao1
ch`en chiao
    chen chiao
Chen Jiao, first wife of emperor 漢武帝|汉武帝[Han4 Wu3 di4], died c. 110 BC

隨求


随求

see styles
suí qiú
    sui2 qiu2
sui ch`iu
    sui chiu
 Zuigu
According to prayer. Name of a deva who was formerly a wicked monk who died and went to hell, but when dying repented, prayed, and was reborn the deva 隨求天子 or 隨求卽得天子. Also, a bodhisattva in the Guanyin group of the Garbhadhātu, a metamorphosis of Guanyin, who sees that all prayers are answered, 隨求菩薩.

高雲


高云

see styles
gāo yún
    gao1 yun2
kao yün
 takakumo
    たかくも
Gao Yun (died 409) emperor of Northern or Later Yan dynasty
(surname) Takakumo

鶴林


鹤林

see styles
hè lín
    he4 lin2
ho lin
 tsurubayashi
    つるばやし
(surname) Tsurubayashi
鶴樹 Crane grove, a name for the place where Śākyamuni died, when the trees burst into white blossom resembling a flock of white cranes.

五瀬命

see styles
 itsusenomikoto
    いつせのみこと
(leg) Itsuse no Mikoto; older brother of Emperor Jimmu who accompanied him on his eastern expedition but died in Kinokuni before reaching Yamato

入れ子

see styles
 ireko
    いれこ
(1) nest (of boxes); nesting; (2) concealed information; (3) adopting a child after one's own has died; child adopted in this manner; (4) cavity in an oar (fitted onto a peg as part of a traditional oarlock)

吊死鬼

see styles
diào sǐ guǐ
    diao4 si3 gui3
tiao ssu kuei
ghost of a person who died by hanging; hanged person; (coll.) inchworm; hangman (word game)

周作人

see styles
zhōu zuò rén
    zhou1 zuo4 ren2
chou tso jen
Zhou Zuoren (1885-1967), brother of Lu Xun 魯迅|鲁迅[Lu3 Xun4], academic in Japanese and Greek studies, briefly imprisoned after the war as Japanese collaborator, persecuted and died of unknown causes during the Cultural Revolution

在りし

see styles
 arishi
    ありし
(pre-noun adjective) (1) prior; past; old; (pre-noun adjective) (2) before having died

変死体

see styles
 henshitai
    へんしたい
body of a person who died an unnatural death

変死者

see styles
 henshisha
    へんししゃ
person who died an unnatural death; person accidentally killed

察合臺


察合台

see styles
chá gě tái
    cha2 ge3 tai2
ch`a ko t`ai
    cha ko tai
Chagatai (died 1241), a son of Genghis Khan

彌遮迦


弥遮迦

see styles
mí zhē jiā
    mi2 zhe1 jia1
mi che chia
 Mishaka
Miccaka or Mikkaka. 'A native of Central India, the sixth patriarch, who having laboured in Northern India transported himself to Ferghana where he chose Vasumitra as his successor. He died 'by the fire of samādhi'.' Eitel.

彭德懷


彭德怀

see styles
péng dé huái
    peng2 de2 huai2
p`eng te huai
    peng te huai
Peng Dehuai (1898-1974), top communist general, subsequently politician and politburo member, disgraced after attacking Mao's failed policies in 1959, and died after extensive persecution during the Cultural Revolution

忠霊塔

see styles
 chuureitou / chureto
    ちゅうれいとう
monument to the faithful who died in battle

忠魂碑

see styles
 chuukonhi / chukonhi
    ちゅうこんひ
monument to the faithful who died in battle

拉狄克

see styles
lā dí kè
    la1 di2 ke4
la ti k`o
    la ti ko
Karl Berngardovich Radek (1885-1939), Bolshevik and Comintern leader, first president of Moscow Sun Yat-sen University, died in prison during Stalin's purges

拘尸那

see styles
jū shin à
    ju1 shin1 a4
chü shin a
 Kushina
Kuśinagara; 拘尸那竭 or拘尸那揚羅; 拘夷那竭 (or 倶夷那竭); 倶尸那; 究施 a city identified by Professor Vogel with Kasiah, 180 miles north-west of Patna, 'capital city of the Mallas' (M. W.); the place where Śākyamuni died; 'so called after the sacred Kuśa grass.' Eitel. Not the same as Kuśāgārapura, v. 矩.

摩拏羅


摩拏罗

see styles
mó ná luó
    mo2 na2 luo2
mo na lo
 Manara
Manorhita, or Manorhata, an Indian prince who became disciple and successor to Vasubandhu as 22nd Patriarch. Author of the Vibhāṣā śāstra. 'He laboured in Western India and in Ferghana where he died in A.D. 165.' Eitel. Also摩奴羅; 未笯曷利他.

暾欲穀


暾欲谷

see styles
tūn yù gǔ
    tun1 yu4 gu3
t`un yü ku
    tun yü ku
Tonyukuk (died c. 724 AD)

正倉院


正仓院

see styles
zhēng cāng yuàn
    zheng1 cang1 yuan4
cheng ts`ang yüan
    cheng tsang yüan
 shousouin / shosoin
    しょうそういん
Shōsō-in, a timber structure in Nara, Japan, built to house hundreds of artifacts bequeathed to the Tōdai-ji temple by the Japanese emperor Shōmu, who died in 756
(place-name) Shōsōin (treasure house of Tōdai Temple in Nara)

殉職者

see styles
 junshokusha
    じゅんしょくしゃ
person who has died at his post (in the performance of his duties)

比翼塚

see styles
 hiyokuzuka
    ひよくづか
double grave of lovers who died together

無縁仏

see styles
 muenbotoke
    むえんぼとけ
person (or their spirit) who died with no one to tend their grave

王希孟

see styles
wáng xī mèng
    wang2 xi1 meng4
wang hsi meng
Wang Ximeng (c. 1096-c. 1119), Song artist, probably teenage prodigy who died young, painter of Thousand Miles of Landscape 千里江山

白求恩

see styles
bái qiú ēn
    bai2 qiu2 en1
pai ch`iu en
    pai chiu en
Norman Bethune (1890-1939), Canadian doctor, worked for communists in Spanish civil war and for Mao in Yan'an, where he died of blood poisoning

盂蘭盆


盂兰盆

see styles
yú lán pén
    yu2 lan2 pen2
yü lan p`en
    yü lan pen
 urabon
    うらぼん
see 盂蘭盆會|盂兰盆会[Yu2 lan2 pen2 hui4]
Bon festival (Buddhist ceremony held around July 15); Feast of Lanterns
(盂蘭); 鳥藍婆 (鳥藍婆拏) ullambana 盂蘭 may be another form of lambana or avalamba, "hanging down," "depending," "support"; it is intp. "to hang upside down", or "to be in suspense", referring to extreme suffering in purgatory; but there is a suggestion of the dependence of the dead on the living. By some 盆 is regarded as a Chinese word, not part of the transliteration, meaning a vessel filled with offerings of food. The term is applied to the festival of All Souls, held about the 15th of the 7th moon, when masses are read by Buddhist and Taoist priests and elaborate offerings made to the Buddhist Trinity for the purpose of releasing from purgatory the souls of those who have died on land or sea. The Ullambanapātra Sutra is attributed to Śākyamuni, of course incorrectly; it was first tr. into Chinese by Dharmaraksha, A.D. 266-313 or 317; the first masses are not reported until the time of Liang Wudi, A.D. 538; and were popularized by Amogha (A.D. 732) under the influence of the Yogācārya School. They are generally observed in China, but are unknown to Southern Buddhism. The "idea of intercession on the part of the priesthood for the benefit of" souls in hell "is utterly antagonistic to the explicit teaching of primitive Buddhism'" The origin of the custom is unknown, but it is foisted on to Śākyamuni, whose disciple Maudgalyāyana is represented as having been to purgatory to relieve his mother's sufferings. Śākyamuni told him that only the united efforts of the whole priesthood 十方衆會 could alleviate the pains of the suffering. The mere suggestion of an All Souls Day with a great national day for the monks is sufficient to account for the spread of the festival. Eitel says: "Engrafted upon the narrative ancestral worship, this ceremonial for feeding the ghost of deceased ancestors of seven generations obtained immense popularity and is now practised by everybody in China, by Taoists even and by Confucianists." All kinds of food offerings are made and paper garments, etc., burnt. The occasion, 7th moon, 15th day, is known as the盂蘭會 (or 盂蘭盆會 or 盂蘭齋 or 盂蘭盆齋) and the sutra as 盂蘭經 (or 盂蘭盆經).

羆菩薩


罴菩萨

see styles
pí pú sà
    pi2 pu2 sa4
p`i p`u sa
    pi pu sa
 hi bosatsu
The bodhisattva who appeared as a bear and saved a dying man by providing him with food; he told hunters of its lair; they killed it, gave him of its flesh, and he died.

耆婆鳥


耆婆鸟

see styles
qí pó niǎo
    qi2 po2 niao3
ch`i p`o niao
    chi po niao
 kibachō
idem 命命鳥, also 耆婆耆婆 (耆婆耆婆迦); 闍婆耆婆 (闍婆耆婆迦) A bird of the partridge family; there is a fable about such a bird having two heads, called 迦嘍嗏 garuḍa, and 憂波迦嘍嗏 upagaruḍa; one ate a delicious flower while the other was asleep; when the latter awoke, it was so annoyed at not sharing it that it ate a poisonous flower and the bird died; thus there is a Jekyll and Hyde in every one.

舍利弗

see styles
shè lì fú
    she4 li4 fu2
she li fu
 todoroki
    とどろき
(surname) Todoroki
奢利弗羅 (or 奢利弗多羅 or 奢利富羅or 奢利富多羅); 奢利補担羅; 舍利子Śāriputra. One of the principal disciples of Śākyamuni, born at Nālandāgrāṃa, the son of Śārikā and Tiṣya, hence known as Upatiṣya; noted for his wisdom and learning; he is the "right-hand attendant on Śākyamuni". The followers of the Abhidharma count him as their founder and other works are attributed, without evidence, to him. He figures prominently in certain sutras. He is said to have died before his master; he is represented as standing with Maudgalyāyana by the Buddha when entering nirvana. He is to reappear as Padmaprabha Buddha 華光佛.

華嚴宗


华严宗

see styles
huá yán zōng
    hua2 yan2 zong1
hua yen tsung
 Kegon Shū
Chinese Buddhist school founded on the Buddhavatamsaka-mahavaipulya Sutra (Garland sutra)
The Huayan (Kegon) school, whose foundation work is the Avataṃsaka-sūtra; founded in China by 帝心杜順 Dixin Dushun; he died A.D. 640 and was followed by 雲華智嚴 Yunhua Zhiyan; 賢首法藏 Xianshou Fazang; 淸涼澄觀 Qingliang Chengguan; 圭峯宗密 Guifeng Zongmi, and other noted patriarchs of the sect; its chief patron is Mañjuśrī. The school was imported into Japan early in the Tang dynasty and flourished there. It held the doctrine of the 法性 Dharma-nature, by which name it was also called.

郭小川

see styles
guō xiǎo chuān
    guo1 xiao3 chuan1
kuo hsiao ch`uan
    kuo hsiao chuan
Guo Xiaochuan (1919-1976), PRC communist poet, hero in the war with Japan, died after long persecution during Cultural Revolution

鄧世昌


邓世昌

see styles
dèng shì chāng
    deng4 shi4 chang1
teng shih ch`ang
    teng shih chang
Deng Shichang (1849-1894), Qing dynasty naval specialist, founded naval dockyards and two naval colleges, died heroically in action against the Japanese

阿目佉

see styles
ā mù qiā
    a1 mu4 qia1
a mu ch`ia
    a mu chia
 Amokukya
(阿目佉跋折羅) Amogha, or Amoghavajra, 阿牟伽 (or 阿謨伽 or 阿穆伽) intp. 不空 (不空金剛) a monk from northern India, a follower of the mystic teachings of Samantabhadra. Vajramati 金剛智 is reputed to have founded the Yogācārya or Tantric school in China about A.D. 719-720. Amogha succeeded him in its leadership in 732. From a journey through India and Ceylon, 741-6, he brought to China more than 500 sutras and śāstras; introduced a new form for transliterating Sanskrit and published 108 works. He is credited with the introduction of the Ullambana fesival of All Souls, 15th of 7th moon, v. 盂. He is the chief representative of Buddhist mysticism in China, spreading it widely through the patronage of three successive emperors, Xuanzong, Suzong, who gave him the title of 大廣智三藏 q.v., and Daizong, who gave him the posthumous rank and title of a Minister of State. He died 774.

阿闍世


阿阇世

see styles
ā shé shì
    a1 she2 shi4
a she shih
 ajase
    あじゃせ
(surname) Ajase
Ajātaśatru, 阿闍貰; 阿闍多設咄路; 未生怨 'Enemy before birth'; a king of Magadha whose father, Bimbisāra, is said to have sought to kill him as ill-omened. When grown up he killed his father and ascended the throne. At first inimical to Śākyamuni, later he was converted and became noted for his liberality; died circa 519 B.C. Also called 'Broken fingers' and Kṣemadarśin. His son and successor was Udāyi; and a daughter was ? Aśu-dharā. According to a Tibetan legend an infant son of Ajātaśatru was kidnapped, or exposed, and finally became king of Tibet named ~Na-khri-btsan-po.

鳩摩羅


鸠摩罗

see styles
jiū mó luó
    jiu1 mo2 luo2
chiu mo lo
鳩摩羅什 (鳩摩羅什婆); 鳩摩羅時婆 (or 鳩摩羅耆婆); 羅什 Kumārajīva, one of the 'four suns' of Mahāyāna Buddhism, of which he was the early and most effective propagator in China. He died in Chang-an about A.D. 412. His father was an Indian, his mother a princess of Karashahr. He is noted for the number of his translations and commentaries, which he is said to have dictated to some 800 monastic scribes. After cremation his tongue remained 'unconsumed'.

五闡提羅


五阐提罗

see styles
wǔ chǎn tí luó
    wu3 chan3 ti2 luo2
wu ch`an t`i lo
    wu chan ti lo
 go sendaira
The five ṣaṇḍhilās, i. e. five bad monks who died, went to the hells, and were reborn as ṣaṇḍhilās or imperfect males; also 五扇提羅.

四枯四榮


四枯四荣

see styles
sì kū sì róng
    si4 ku1 si4 rong2
ssu k`u ssu jung
    ssu ku ssu jung
 shiko shiei
When the Buddha died, of the eight śāla trees surrounding him four are said to have withered while four continued in full leaf— a sign that the four doctrines of 苦 suffering, 空 the void, 無常 impermanence, and 無我 impersonality were to perish and those of 常 permanence, 葉 joy, 我 personality, and 淨 purity, the transcendent bodhisattva doctrines, were to flourish.

山頹木壞


山颓木坏

see styles
shān tuí mù huài
    shan1 tui2 mu4 huai4
shan t`ui mu huai
    shan tui mu huai
lit. the mountains crumble and the trees lie ruined; a great sage has died (idiom)

帝銀事件

see styles
 teiginjiken / teginjiken
    ていぎんじけん
(hist) Tengin Bank robbery (in which 12 people died of cyanide poisoning; 1948)

師子尊者


师子尊者

see styles
shī zǐ zūn zhě
    shi1 zi3 zun1 zhe3
shih tzu tsun che
 Shishi sonja
師子比丘 Āryasiṃha, or Siṃha-bhikṣu. The 23rd or 24th patriarch, brahman by birth; a native of Central India; laboured in Kashmir, where he died a martyr A.D. 259.

引正太子

see styles
yǐn zhèng tài zǐ
    yin3 zheng4 tai4 zi3
yin cheng t`ai tzu
    yin cheng tai tzu
 Inshō taishi
Sātavāhana, 沙多婆漢那 a prince of Kosala, whose father the king was the patron of Nāgārjuna; the prince, attributing his father's unduly prolonged life to Nāgārjuna's magic, is said to have compelled the latter to commit suicide, on hearing of which the king died and the prince ascended the throne. 西域記 10.

摩訶摩耶


摩诃摩耶

see styles
mó hē mó yé
    mo2 he1 mo2 ye2
mo ho mo yeh
 mokomaya
mahāmāyā, intp. by M.W. as 'great deceit or illusion worldly illusion, the divine power of illusion (which makes the material universe appear as if really existing and renders it cognizable by the senses), the Great Illusion (the illusory nature of worldly objects personified and identified with Durgā)'. Mahāmāyā was the wife of Śuddhodana, and mother of Śākyamuni. He, Siddhārtha, was born 'from her right side', and she died seven days later, her sister Mahāprajāpati becoming his foster mother. Also called 摩訶第脾 Mahādevī; 摩訶夫人 Lady Māyā, etc.

求那跋摩

see styles
qiun à bá mó
    qiun2 a4 ba2 mo2
qiun a pa mo
 Gunabama
Guṇavarman, tr. 功德鐙, a prince of Kubhā (Cashmere), who refused the throne, wandered alone, reached China, tr. ten works, two of which were lost by A. D. 730. Born in 367, he died in Nanjing in A. D. 431. He taught that truth is within, not without, and that the truth (dharma) is of oneself, not of another. The centre of his work is placed in 揚州 Yangzhou. It is said that he started the order of nuns in China, v. 翻譯名義 Fan-yi-ming-yi.

蛋炒飯節


蛋炒饭节

see styles
dàn chǎo fàn jié
    dan4 chao3 fan4 jie2
tan ch`ao fan chieh
    tan chao fan chieh
Fried Rice with Egg Festival, informally observed annually on November 25 as the anniversary of the death in 1950 of Mao Zedong's son Mao Anying, by people who are grateful that Mao's grip on China did not extend to a second generation (The younger Mao died in an American air raid in Korea, and, according to a popular account, his death was the result of cooking fried rice with egg, which produced smoke detected by US forces.)

遺骨収集

see styles
 ikotsushuushuu / ikotsushushu
    いこつしゅうしゅう
(noun/participle) recovering the remains of soldiers (e.g. Japanese soldiers who died abroad during WWII)

雖死猶榮


虽死犹荣

see styles
suī sǐ yóu róng
    sui1 si3 you2 rong2
sui ssu yu jung
lit. although dead, also honored; died a glorious death

頻婆娑羅


频婆娑罗

see styles
pín pó suō luó
    pin2 po2 suo1 luo2
p`in p`o so lo
    pin po so lo
Bimbisāra, or Bimbasāra頻毘娑羅; 洴沙 (or 甁沙 or 萍沙). A king of Magadha, residing at Rājagṛha, converted by Śākyamuni, to whom he gave the Veṇuvana park; imprisoned by his son Ajātaśatru, and died.

ひめゆりの塔

see styles
 himeyurinotou / himeyurinoto
    ひめゆりのとう
(place-name) Himeyuri Monument (at Itoman to the memory of the "Himeyuri" (Star Lily) nurses, who died in Okinawa in the final stages of the Second World War)

斯維爾德洛夫


斯维尔德洛夫

see styles
sī wéi ěr dé luò fū
    si1 wei2 er3 de2 luo4 fu1
ssu wei erh te lo fu
Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov (1885-1919), Bolshevik organizer, ordered the murder of the Tsar's family in 1918, died of Spanish influenza

くたばり損ない

see styles
 kutabarizokonai
    くたばりぞこない
(expression) (vulgar) (kana only) (See くたばる・1) worthless (of a person); someone who wouldn't be missed if they died

Entries with 2nd row of characters: The 2nd row is Simplified Chinese.

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This page contains 100 results for "Died" in Chinese and/or Japanese.



Information about this dictionary:

Apparently, we were the first ones who were crazy enough to think that western people might want a combined Chinese, Japanese, and Buddhist dictionary.

A lot of westerners can't tell the difference between Chinese and Japanese - and there is a reason for that. Chinese characters and even whole words were borrowed by Japan from the Chinese language in the 5th century. Much of the time, if a word or character is used in both languages, it will have the same or a similar meaning. However, this is not always true. Language evolves, and meanings independently change in each language.

Example: The Chinese character 湯 for soup (hot water) has come to mean bath (hot water) in Japanese. They have the same root meaning of "hot water", but a 湯屋 sign on a bathhouse in Japan would lead a Chinese person to think it was a "soup house" or a place to get a bowl of soup. See this: Japanese Bath House

This dictionary uses the EDICT and CC-CEDICT dictionary files.
EDICT data is the property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, and is used in conformance with the Group's license.

Chinese Buddhist terms come from Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms by William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous. This is commonly referred to as "Soothill's'". It was first published in 1937 (and is now off copyright so we can use it here). Some of these definitions may be misleading, incomplete, or dated, but 95% of it is good information. Every professor who teaches Buddhism or Eastern Religion has a copy of this on their bookshelf. We incorporated these 16,850 entries into our dictionary database ourselves (it was lot of work).



Combined, these cover 1,007,753 Japanese, Chinese, and Buddhist characters, words, idioms, names, placenames, and short phrases.

Just because a word appears here does not mean it is appropriate for a tattoo, your business name, etc. Please consult a professional before doing anything stupid with this data.

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No warranty as to the correctness, potential vulgarity, or clarity is expressed or implied. We did not write any of these definitions (though we occasionally act as a contributor/editor to the CC-CEDICT project). You are using this dictionary for free, and you get what you pay for.

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