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Characters Pronunciation
Romanization
Simple Dictionary Definition

ガロン瓶

see styles
 garonbin
    ガロンびん
gallon bottle; three litre glass bottle used for pharmaceuticals

きゅうよ

see styles
 kyuuyo / kyuyo
    きゅうよ
(rare) (kana only) (See アルマジロ) armadillo

ダルマ峠

see styles
 darumatouge / darumatoge
    ダルマとうげ
(place-name) Darma (pass)

ホステス

see styles
 hosutesu
    ホステス
(1) hostess; (2) barmaid

一切有部

see styles
yī qiè yǒu bù
    yi1 qie4 you3 bu4
i ch`ieh yu pu
    i chieh yu pu
 Issai u bu
The realistic School, Sarvāstivādaḥ, a branch of the Vaibhāṣika, claiming Rāhula as founder, asserting the reality of all phenomena: 說一切有部; 薩婆多部; 薩婆阿私底婆拖部; 一切語言部. It divided, and the following seven schools are recorded, but the list is doubtful: — Mūlasarvāstivādaḥ 一切有根本部. Kāśyapīyaḥ 迦葉毘維, also known as Suvarṣakāḥ 蘇跋梨柯部; 遊梨沙部; 蘇梨沙部; and 善歲部. Dharmaguptāḥ 法密部; 法藏部; 法護部. Mahīśāsakāḥ or Mahīśāsikāḥ 摩醯奢婆迦部; 彌喜捨婆阿部; 彌沙塞部; 化地部; 正地部. Tāmraṣāṭīyāḥ. Vibhajyavādinaḥ 分別說部. Bahuśrutīyāḥ 婆收婁多柯 or 多聞部.

一切法空

see styles
yī qiè fǎ kōng
    yi1 qie4 fa3 kong1
i ch`ieh fa k`ung
    i chieh fa kung
 issaihō kū
sarvadharma-śūnyatā, the emptiness or unreality of all things.

一切皆成

see styles
yī qiè jiē chéng
    yi1 qie4 jie1 cheng2
i ch`ieh chieh ch`eng
    i chieh chieh cheng
 issai kai jō
All beings become Buddhas, for all have the Buddha-nature and must ultimately become enlightened, i.e. 一切衆生皆悉成佛. This is the doctrine of developed Mahāyāna, or universalism, as opposed to the limited salvation of Hīnayāna and of undeveloped Mahāyāna; 法華經方便品; 若有聞法者無一不成佛 if there be any who hear the dharma, not one will fail to become Buddha.

一實境界


一实境界

see styles
yī shí jìng jiè
    yi1 shi2 jing4 jie4
i shih ching chieh
 ichi jitsu kyōgai
The state or realm of 一實; the realization of the spirituality of all things; it is the 如來法身 the tathāgata-dharmakāya.

一念業成


一念业成

see styles
yī niàn yè chéng
    yi1 nian4 ye4 cheng2
i nien yeh ch`eng
    i nien yeh cheng
 ichinen gō jō
At one thought the work completed; karma complete in one thought. One repetition, or sincere thought of or faith in Amitābha's vow, and entrance into the Pure Land is assured.

一眞法界

see styles
yī zhēn fǎ jiè
    yi1 zhen1 fa3 jie4
i chen fa chieh
 isshinhokkai
The dharma realm of the one reality, i.e. of the bhūtatathatā, complete in a speck of dust as in a universe; such is the dharmakāya, or spiritual body of all Buddhas, eternal, above terms of being, undefinable, neither immanent nor transcendent, yet the one reality, though beyond thought. It is the fundamental doctrine of the 華嚴宗. The 法界 is 諸佛平等法身, 從本以來不生不滅, 非空非有, 離名離相, 無內無外, 惟一眞實, 不可思議, 是名一眞法界; see 三藏法數 4.

一體三寶


一体三宝

see styles
yī tǐ sān bǎo
    yi1 ti3 san1 bao3
i t`i san pao
    i ti san pao
 ittai no sanbō
In the one body of the saṅgha is the whole triratna, Buddha, Dharma, and saṅgha. Also, Mind, Buddha, and the living, these three are without differentiation, 心佛與衆生是三無差別, i.e. are all one.

七十五法

see styles
qī shí wǔ fǎ
    qi1 shi2 wu3 fa3
ch`i shih wu fa
    chi shih wu fa
 shichijū go hō
The seventy-five dharmas of the Abhidharmakośa-bhāsya, which classifies all phenomena under seventy-five categories or elements, divided into five groups; cf. 五根, 五境, 無表色. (1) Material 色法 rūpāṇi, 11 . (2) Mind 心法 cittam, 1. (3) Mental qualities 心所有法 citta-saṃprayukta-saṃskārāḥ, 46. (4) Non-mental 心不相應行法 cittaviprayukta-saṃskārāḥ, 14. These are the seventy-two Sarvastivadin divisions (v. Keith, B. I. , p. 201 ). (5) In addition there are three unconditioned or non-phenomenal elements 無爲法 asaṃskṛta dharma, 3 (v. Keith, p. 160) .

七種無上


七种无上

see styles
qī zhǒng wú shàng
    qi1 zhong3 wu2 shang4
ch`i chung wu shang
    chi chung wu shang
 shichi shumujō
The seven peerless qualities of a Buddha:―his body 身 with its thirty-two signs and eighty-four marks; his way 道 of universal mercy; his perfect insight or doctrine 見; his wisdom 智; his supernatural power 神 力; his ability to overcome hindrances 斷障, e.g. illusion, karma, and suffering; and his abiding place 住 i.e. Nirvana. Cf. 七勝事.

七菩提分

see styles
qī pú tí fēn
    qi1 pu2 ti2 fen1
ch`i p`u t`i fen
    chi pu ti fen
 shichi bodai bun
saptabodhyaṅga, also 七菩提寶, 七覺分, 七覺支, 七等覺支. Seven characteristics of bodhi; the sixth of the 七科七道品 in the seven categories of the bodhipakṣika dharma, v. 三十七菩提分 it represents seven grades in bodhi,viz,(1)擇法覺支(or 擇法菩提分 and so throughout), dharma-pravicaya-saṃbodhyaṇga, discrimination of the true and the fa1se : (2) 精進 vīrya-saṃbodhyaṇga, zeal, or undeflected progress;(3) 喜prīti-saṃbodhyaṇga., joy, delight; (4) 輕安 or 除 praśrabdhi-saṃbodhyaṇga. Riddance of all grossness or weight of body or mind, so that they may be light, free, and at ease; (5) 念 smrti-saṃbodhyaṇga, power of remembering the various states passed through in contemplation; (6) 定 samādhi-saṃbodhyaṇga.the power to keep the mind in a given realm undiverted; (7) 行捨 or 捨 upekṣā-saṃbodhyaṇga or upekṣaka, complete abandonment, auto-hypnosis, or indifference to all disturbances of the sub-conscious or ecstatic mind.

万有製薬

see styles
 banyuuseiyaku / banyuseyaku
    ばんゆうせいやく
(company) Banyu Pharmaceutical; (c) Banyu Pharmaceutical

三宝荒神

see styles
 sanboukoujin / sanbokojin
    さんぼうこうじん
(1) {Buddh} (See 三宝) guardian deity of the three jewels (Buddha, Dharma and Sangha); (2) three-person saddle

三密相應


三密相应

see styles
sān mì xiāng yìng
    san1 mi4 xiang1 ying4
san mi hsiang ying
 sanmitsu sōō
The three mystic things, body, mouth, and mind, of the Tathāgata are identical with those of all the living, so that even the fleshly body born of parents is the dharmakāya, or body of Buddha: 父母所生之肉身卽爲佛身也.

三種光明


三种光明

see styles
sān zhǒng guāng míng
    san1 zhong3 guang1 ming2
san chung kuang ming
 sanshu kōmyō
The three kinds of light: (a) extemal— sun, moon, stars, lamps, etc.; (b) dharma, or the light of right teaching and conduct; (c) the effulgence or bodily halo emitted by Buddhas, bodhisattvas, devas.

三種淨業


三种淨业

see styles
sān zhǒng jìng yè
    san1 zhong3 jing4 ye4
san chung ching yeh
 sanshu jōgō
The threefold way of obtaining pure karma, idem 三福.

上中下法

see styles
shàng zhòng xià fǎ
    shang4 zhong4 xia4 fa3
shang chung hsia fa
 jō chū ge hō
The three dharmas, systems, or vehicles, 菩薩, 緣覺, and 聲聞 bodhisattva, pratyeka-buddha, and śrāvaka.

不定受業


不定受业

see styles
bù dìng shòu yè
    bu4 ding4 shou4 ye4
pu ting shou yeh
 fujō jugō
One of the 'four karma' — aniyata or indefinite karma; opposite of 定業.

不淨觀經


不淨观经

see styles
bù jìng guān jīng
    bu4 jing4 guan1 jing1
pu ching kuan ching
 Fujō kan kyō
A sutra of Dharmatrata.

中外製薬

see styles
 chuugaiseiyaku / chugaiseyaku
    ちゅうがいせいやく
(company) Chugai Pharmaceutical; (c) Chugai Pharmaceutical

九品行業


九品行业

see styles
jiǔ pǐn xíng yè
    jiu3 pin3 xing2 ye4
chiu p`in hsing yeh
    chiu pin hsing yeh
 kuhon gyōgō
The nine karma to be attained by the conduct or practice through which one may be born into the above Pure Land.

九山八海

see styles
jiǔ shān bā hǎi
    jiu3 shan1 ba1 hai3
chiu shan pa hai
 kusan-hakkai
The nine cakravāla, or concentric mountain ranges or continents, separated by eight seas, of a universe. The central mountain of the nine is Sumeru 須彌 and around it are the ranges Khadiraka 佶提羅, Īṣādhara 伊沙陀羅, Yugaṃdhara 遊乾陀羅, Sudarśaṇa 蘇達梨舍那, Aśvakarṇa 安濕縛竭拏, Nemiṃdhara 尼民陀羅, Vinataka 毘那多迦, Cakravāda 斫迦羅; v. 七金山. The Abhidharma Kośa gives a different order: Sumeru, Yugaṃdhara, Īṣādhara, Khadiraka, Sudarśana, Aśvakarṇa, Vinataka, Nemiṃdhara, with an "iron-wheel" mountain encompassing all; there are also differences in the detail.

二十二門


二十二门

see styles
èr shí èr mén
    er4 shi2 er4 men2
erh shih erh men
 nijūni mon
The Abhidharma-kośa divides the eighteen realms 十八界 into twenty-two categories. Also, there are twenty-two modes or processes in the perfect development of a Buddha and his works.

二十八祖

see styles
èr shí bā zǔ
    er4 shi2 ba1 zu3
erh shih pa tsu
 nijūhasso
The twenty-eight Buddhist patriarchs as stated by the Mahāyānists. The Tiantai school reckons twenty-three, or twenty-four, with the addition of Śaṇakavāsa, contemporary with his predecessors, but the Chan school reckons twenty-eight: (1) Mahākāśyapa, 摩訶迦葉 (摩訶迦葉波); (2) Ānanda, 阿難; (3) Śāṇakavāsa, 商那和修; 4) Upagupta, 優婆毱多; (5) Dhṛṭaka, 提多迦; (6) Mikkaka, or Miccaka, or Micchaka, 彌遮迦; (7) Vasumitra, 婆須蜜; (8) Buddhanandi, 佛陀難提; (9) Buddhamitra, 伏駄蜜多; (10) Pārśva, or Pārśvika, 波栗溼縛or 脇尊者; (11) Puṇyayaśas 那尊耶舍; (12) Aśvaghoṣa, 馬鳴大士; (13) Kapimala, 迦毘摩羅; (14) Nāgārjuna, 龍樹; (15) Kāṇadeva, 迦那提婆; (16) Rāhulata, 羅睺羅多; (17) Saṅghanandi, 僧伽難提; (18) Gayāśata, 伽耶舍多; (19) Kumārata, 鳩摩羅多; (20) Jayata, 闍夜多; (21) Vasubandhu, 婆修盤頭; (22) Manorhita, 摩撃羅; (23) Haklena, 鶴輸勒; (24) Ārasiṁha, 師子尊者; (25) Basiasita, 婆舍新多; (26) Puṇyamitra, 不如密多; (27) Prajñātāra, 般若多羅; (28) Bodhidharma, 菩提達磨.

二祖斷臂


二祖断臂

see styles
èr zǔ duàn bì
    er4 zu3 duan4 bi4
erh tsu tuan pi
 niso danpi
the second patriarch in China 慧可 of the Chan school, who, to induce bodhidharma to receive him, is said to have cut of his left arm in the snow in order to prove his firmness and determination.

二種舍利


二种舍利

see styles
èr zhǒng shè lì
    er4 zhong3 she4 li4
erh chung she li
 nishu shari
Two kinds of relics— the whole body, or parts of it. Also, the Buddha's physical remains or relics, and the sutras, which form his spiritual (dharmakāya) remains.

二部五部

see styles
èr bù wǔ bù
    er4 bu4 wu3 bu4
erh pu wu pu
 nibu gobu
The two are the divisions which took place immediately after the Buddha's death into (a) the elder monks or intimate disciples, and (b) the general body of disciples, styled respectively 上座 and 大衆 q.v.; the five are the divisions, which are said to have occurred a century later, into Dharma-guptah 曇無德, Mulasarvastivadah 薩婆多, Mahisasakah 彌沙塞, Kasyapiyah迦葉遣 and Vatsiputriya 姿麤富羅.

互為因果


互为因果

see styles
hù wéi yīn guǒ
    hu4 wei2 yin1 guo3
hu wei yin kuo
mutually related karma (idiom); fates are intertwined; interdependent

五佛五身

see styles
wǔ fó wǔ shēn
    wu3 fo2 wu3 shen1
wu fo wu shen
 gobutsu goshin
A Shingon term for the five Buddhas in their five manifestations: Vairocana as eternal and pure dharmakāya; Akṣobhya as immutable and sovereign; Ratnasaṃbhava as bliss and glory; Amitābha as wisdom in action; Śākyamuni as incarnation and nirmāṇakāya.

五分法身

see styles
wǔ fēn fǎ shēn
    wu3 fen1 fa3 shen1
wu fen fa shen
 gobun hosshin
pañca-dharmakāya, the five attributes of the dharmakāya or 'spiritual' body of the Tathāgata, i. e. 戒 that he is above all moral conditions; 定 tranquil and apart from all false ideas; 慧 wise and omniscient; 解脫 free, unlimited, unconditioned, which is the state of nirvana; 解脫知見 that he has perfect knowledge of this state. These five attributes surpass all conditions of form, or the five skandhas; Eitel interprets this by exemption from all materiality (rūpa); all sensations (vedana); all consciousness (saṃjñā); all moral activity (karman); all knowledge (vijñāna). The esoteric sect has its own group. See also 五種法身.

五大明王

see styles
wǔ dà míng wáng
    wu3 da4 ming2 wang2
wu ta ming wang
 godaimyouou / godaimyoo
    ごだいみょうおう
{Buddh} five great wisdom kings (Acala, Kundali, Trilokavijaya, Vajrayaksa, Yamantaka)
The five Dharmapālas, or Law-guardians of the Five Dhyāni-Buddhas, of whom they are emanations or embodiments in two forms, compassionate and minatory. The five kings are the fierce aspect, e. g. Yamantaka, or the 六足尊金剛 Six-legged Honoured One is an emanation of Mañjuśrī, who is an emanation of Amitābha. The five kings are 不動, 降三世, 軍荼梨, 六足尊, and 淨身, all vajra-kings.

五所依土

see styles
wǔ suǒ yī tǔ
    wu3 suo3 yi1 tu3
wu so i t`u
    wu so i tu
 go shoe do
The five Buddha-kṣetra, or dependencies, the realms, or conditions of a Buddha. They are: (1) 法性土 his dharmakāya-kṣetra, or realm of his 'spiritual nature', dependent on and yet identical with the 眞如 bhutatathata; (2) 實 with its five immortal skandhas, i. e. his glorified body for his own enjoyment;. (3) 色相土 the land or condition of his self-expression as wisdom; (4) 他受用土 his saṃbhogakāya realm for the joy of others; (5) 變化土 the realm on which his nirmāṇakāya depends, that of the wisdom of perfect service of all, which results in his relation to every kind of condition.

五智如來


五智如来

see styles
wǔ zhì rú lái
    wu3 zhi4 ru2 lai2
wu chih ju lai
 gochi nyorai
五智五佛; 五佛; 五如來 The five Dhyāni-Buddhas, or Wisdom-Tathāgatas of the Vajradhātu 金剛界, idealizations of five aspects of wisdom; possibly of Nepalese origin. The Wisdom Buddha represents the dharmakāya or Buddha-mind, also the Dharma of the triratna, or trinity. Each evolves one of the five colours, one of the five senses, a Dhyani-bodhisattva in two forms onegracious, the other fierce, and a Mānuṣi-Buddha; each has his own śakti, i. e. feminine energy or complement; also his own bīja, or germ-sound 種子or 印 seal, i. e. 眞言 real or substantive word, the five being for 大日 aṃ, for 阿閦 hūṃ, for 寶生 ? hrīḥ, for 彌陀 ? aḥ, for 不 空 ? āḥ. The five are also described as the emanations or forms of an Ādi-Buddha, Vajrasattva; the four are considered by others to be emanations or forms of Vairocana as theSupreme Buddha. The five are not always described as the same, e. g. they may be 藥師 (or 王) Bhaiṣajya, 多寶 Prabhūtaratna, Vairocana, Akṣobhya, andeither Amoghasiddhi or Śākyamuni. Below is a classified list of the generally accepted five with certain particulars connected with them, butthese differ in different places, and the list can only be a general guide. As to the Dhyāni-bodhisattvas, each Buddha evolves three forms 五佛生五菩薩, 五金剛, 五忿怒, i. e. (1) a bodhisattva who represents the Buddha's dharmakāya, or spiritual body; (2) a vajra ordiamond form who represents his wisdom in graciousness; and (3) a fierce or angry form, the 明王 who represents his power against evil. (1) Vairocanaappears in the three forms of 轉法輪菩薩 Vajra-pāramitā Bodhisattva, 遍照金剛 Universally Shining Vajrasattva, and 不動明王 Ārya-Acalanātha Rāja; (2) Akṣobhya's three forms are 虛空藏 Ākāśagarbha, 如意 complete power, and 軍荼利明王 Kuṇḍalī-rāja; (3 ) Ratnasaṃbhava's are 普賢 Samantabhadra, 薩埵Sattvavajra, and 孫婆 or 降三世明王 Trailokyavijayarāja; (4) Amitābha's are 觀世音 Avalokiteśvara, 法金剛 Dharmarāja, and 馬頭明王 Hayagrīva, thehorse-head Dharmapāla; (5) Amoghasiddhi's are 彌勒 Maitreya, 業金剛Karmavajra, and 金剛夜叉 Vajrayakṣa. The above Bodhisattvas differ from those in the following list:
NameChinesePositionElementSenseColor
Vairocana大日centreethersightwhite
Akṣobhya阿閦eastearthsoundblue
Ratnasaṃbhava寶生southfiresmellyellow
Amitābha彌陀westwatertastered
Amoghasiddhi不空northairtouchgreen
GermAnimalDhyani-BodhisattvaBuddha
aṃlionSamantabhadra 普賢Krakucchanda
hūṃelephantVajrapāṇi 金剛力士Kanakamuni
?aḥhorseRatnapāṇi 寶手Kāśyapa
? hrīḥgoose or peacockAvalokiteśvara 觀音Śākyamuni
?āḥgaruḍaVisvapāṇi?Maitreya


Arrival of the five wise Buddhas

五無間業


五无间业

see styles
wǔ wú jiān yè
    wu3 wu2 jian1 ye4
wu wu chien yeh
 gomukengou / gomukengo
    ごむけんごう
{Buddh} five cardinal sins (killing one's father, killing one's mother, killing an arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, causing a schism within the sangha)
or 五無間罪 The five karma, or sins, leading to the avīci hell v. 五逆 and 五無間.

五百羅漢


五百罗汉

see styles
wǔ bǎi luó hàn
    wu3 bai3 luo2 han4
wu pai lo han
 gohyakurakan
    ごひゃくらかん
(place-name) Gohyakurakan
(五百大羅漢) 500 great arhats who formed the synod under Kaniṣka and are the supposed compilers of the Abhidharma-mahāvibhāṣā-śāstra, 400 years after Buddha entered nirvana (阿毗達磨大毗婆娑論), tr. by Xuanzang (A. D. 656-9). The 500 Lohans found in some monasteries have various definitions.

五種唯識


五种唯识

see styles
wǔ zhǒng wéi shì
    wu3 zhong3 wei2 shi4
wu chung wei shih
 goshu yuishiki
The five kinds of weishi, or idealistic representation in the sutras and śāstras as summed up by Cien 慈恩 of the 法相宗 Dharmalakṣana school: (1) 境唯識 wisdom or insight in objective conditions; (2) 教唯識 in interpretation; (3) 理唯識 in principles; (4) 行唯識 in meditation and practice; (5) 果唯識 in the fruits or results of Buddhahood. The first four are objective, the fifth subject.

五種法界


五种法界

see styles
wǔ zhǒng fǎ jiè
    wu3 zhong3 fa3 jie4
wu chung fa chieh
 goshu hōkai
The Huayan school's five forms of dharmadhātu: (1) 有爲法界 or 事世界 the phenomenal realm; (2) 無爲法界 or 理世界 the dependent and interactive; the inactive, quiescent, or noumenal realm; (3) 亦有爲亦無爲世界 or 事理無礙世界, both, i.e., interdependent and interactive; (4) 非有爲非無爲世界 either active nor inactive, but it is also 事理無礙世界, e. g. water and wave, wave being water and water wave; (5) 無障礙世界 or 事事無礙世界 the unimpeded realm, the unity of the phenomenal and noumenal, of the collective and individual.

五種法身


五种法身

see styles
wǔ zhǒng fǎ shēn
    wu3 zhong3 fa3 shen1
wu chung fa shen
 goshu hosshin
The five kinds of a Buddha's dharmakāya. There are four groups. I. (1) 如如智法身 the spiritual body of bhūtatathatā-wisdom; (2) 功德法身 of all virtuous achievement; (3) 自法身 of incarnation in the world; (4) 變化法身 of unlimited powers of transformation; (5) 虛空法身 of unlimited space; the first and second are defined as saṃbhogakāya, the third and fourth as nirmāṇakāya, and the fifth as the dharmakāya, but all are included under dharmakāya as it possesses all the others. II. The esoteric cult uses the first four and adds as fifth 法界身 indicating the universe as pan-Buddha. III. Huayan gives (1) 法性生身 the body or person of Buddha born from the dharma-nature. (2) 功德生身 the dharmakāya evolved by Buddha virtue, or achievement; (3) 變化法身 the dharmakāya with unlimited powers of transformation; (4) 實相法身 the real dharmakāya; (5) 虛 空法身 the universal dharmakāya. IV. Hīnayāna defines them as 五分法身 q. v.

他生の縁

see styles
 tashounoen / tashonoen
    たしょうのえん
karma from a previous existence

伊字三點


伊字三点

see styles
yī zì sān diǎn
    yi1 zi4 san1 dian3
i tzu san tien
 iji santen
refers to the Sanskrit sign (?) as neither across nor upright, being of triangular shape, and indicating neither unity nor difference, before nor after. The Nirvana Sutra applies the three parts to 法身 dharmakāya, 般若 prajñā and 解脫 vimokṣa, all three being necessary to complete nirvana. It is also associated with the three eyes of Śiva. When considered across they represent fire, when upright, water. At a later period the three were joined (?) in writing.

伊葉波羅


伊叶波罗

see styles
yī shě bō luó
    yi1 she3 bo1 luo2
i she po lo
 Ishōhara
Iśvara 伊溼伐羅 (1) King, sovereign; Siva and others; intp. by 自在 self-existing, independent; applied to Guanyin and other popular deities. (2) A śramaṇa of the West, learned in the Tripiṭaka, who inter alia translated A. D. 426 Samyuktābhidharma-hṛdaya-śāstra, lost since A. D. 730. (3) A bhikṣu of India, commentator on 菩提資糧論 attributed to Nāgārjuna, tr. by Dharmagupta, A. D. 590-616.

伏駄蜜多

see styles
fú tuó mì duō
    fu2 tuo2 mi4 duo1
fu t`o mi to
    fu to mi to
 Fukudamitta
Buddhamitra, of northern India, the ninth patriarch, a vaiśya by birth (third caste), author of the 五門禪經要用法 Pancadvara-dhyāna-sutramahartha-dharma; he was styled Mahā-dhyāna-guru.

伽婆達摩


伽婆达摩

see styles
qié pó dá mó
    qie2 po2 da2 mo2
ch`ieh p`o ta mo
    chieh po ta mo
 Kabadama
Bhagavaddharma. A Western Indian monk who tr. a work on 觀自在.

佛具十身

see styles
fó jù shí shēn
    fo2 ju4 shi2 shen1
fo chü shih shen
 butsugu jūshin
The ten perfect bodies or characteristics of Buddha: (1) 菩提身 Bodhi-body in possession of complete enlightenment. (2) 願身 Vow-body, i.e. the vow to be born in and from the Tuṣita heaven. (3) 化身 nirmāṇakāya, Buddha incarnate as a man. (4) 住持身 Buddha who still occupies his relics or what he has left behind on earth and thus upholds the dharma. (5) 相好莊嚴身 saṁbhogakāya, endowed with an idealized body with all Buddha marks and merits. (6) 勢力身 or 心佛 Power-body, embracing all with his heart of mercy. (7) 如意身 or 意生身 At will body, appearing according to wish or need. (8) 福德身 or 三昧身 samādhi body, or body of blessed virtue. (9) 智身 or 性佛 Wisdom-body, whose nature embraces all wisdom. (10) 法身 dharmakāya, the absolute Buddha, or essence of all life.

僧伽跋摩

see styles
sēng qié bá mó
    seng1 qie2 ba2 mo2
seng ch`ieh pa mo
    seng chieh pa mo
 Sōgyabatsuma
Saṅghavarman, an Indian monk who arrived in Nanjing A.D. 433, tr. five works in 434, went westward in 442.

優婆提舍


优婆提舍

see styles
yōu pó tí shè
    you1 po2 ti2 she4
yu p`o t`i she
    yu po ti she
 yūbadaisha
upadeśa; 優婆題舍; 優波提舍 (or 優波替舍); 鄔波題鑠 (or 鄔波弟鑠). Discourses and discussions by question and answer; one of the twelve divisions of the Canon; a synonym for the Abhidharma, also for the Tantras.

八五三二

see styles
bā wǔ sān èr
    ba1 wu3 san1 er4
pa wu san erh
 hachi go san ni
The four special characteristics of the 法相 Dharmalakṣaṇa sect, i.e. 八識, 五法, 三性, and 二無我 q.v.

六根淸淨


六根淸净

see styles
liù gēn qīng jìng
    liu4 gen1 qing1 jing4
liu ken ch`ing ching
    liu ken ching ching
 rokkon shōjō
The six organs and their purification in order to develop their unlimited power and interchange, as in the case of a Buddha. This full development enables e. g. the eye to see everything in a great chiliocosm from its highest heaven down to its lowest hells and all the beings past, present, and future, with all the karma of each.

六種決定


六种决定

see styles
liù zhǒng jué dìng
    liu4 zhong3 jue2 ding4
liu chung chüeh ting
 roku shu ketsujō
The six kinds of certainty resulting from observance of the six pāramitās: 財成決定 the certainty of wealth; 生勝決定 of rebirth in honorable families; 不退決定 of no retrogression (to lower conditions); 修習決定 of progress in practice; 定業決定 of unfailingly good karma; 無功用決定 of effortless abode in truth and wisdom. 大乘莊嚴論 12.

六離合釋


六离合释

see styles
liù lí hé shì
    liu4 li2 he2 shi4
liu li ho shih
 roku ri gasshaku
Ṣaṭ-samāsa; also 六種釋 (or 六合釋) the six interpretations of compound terms, considered in their component parts or together. (1) 持業釋 or 同依釋 karmadhāraya, referring to the equality of dependence of both terms, e. g. 大乘 Mahāyāna, 'great' and 'vehicle'), both equally essential to 'Mahāyāna' with its specific meaning; (2) 依主釋 (or 六士釋) tatpuruṣa, containing a principal term, e. g. 眼識 eye-perception, where the eye is the qualifying term; (3) 有財釋 (or 多財釋) bahuvrīhi, the sign of possession, e. g. 覺者 he who has enlightenment; (4) 相違釋 dvandva, a term indicating two separate ideas, e. g. 教觀 teaching and meditation; (5) 鄰近釋 avyayībhava, an adverbial compound, or a term resulting from 'neighboring' association, e. g. 念處 thought or remembering place, i. e. memory; (6) 帶數釋 dvigu, a numerative term, e. g. 五蘊 pañcaskandha, the five skandhas. M. W. gives the order as 4, 3, 1, 2, 6, and 5.

分別說部


分别说部

see styles
fēn bié shuō bù
    fen1 bie2 shuo1 bu4
fen pieh shuo pu
 Funbetsusetsu bu
The Vibhajyavādins. A school the origin of which is obscure. The meaning of the term, not necessarily limited to this school, is the method of particularization in dealing with questions in debate. It is suggested that this school was established to harmonize the differences between the Sthavirās and Mahāsāṅghikas. The Abhidharma Pitaka 'as we have it in the Pali Canon, is the definite work of this school ', Keith, 153.

分段變易


分段变易

see styles
fēn duàn biàn yì
    fen1 duan4 bian4 yi4
fen tuan pien i
 bundan hennyaku
Includes (1) 分段生死, the condition and station resulting from good or bad karma in the three realms (desire, form, and formlessness) and in the six paths; (2) 變易生死 the condition and station resulting from good karma in the realms beyond transmigration, including arhats and higher saints.

分陀利迦

see styles
fēn tuó lì jiā
    fen1 tuo2 li4 jia1
fen t`o li chia
    fen to li chia
 fundarika
(also see 分陀利) puṇḍarīka, 芬陀; 分荼利迦, 分荼利華, 奔荼利迦, 奔荼利華; 本拏哩迦; the 白蓮花 white lotus (in full bloom). It is also termed 百葉華 (or 八葉華) hundred (or eight) leaf flower. For Saddharma-puṇḍarīka, the Lotus Sutra, v. 妙法蓮華經. The eighth and coldest hell is called after this flower, because the cold lays bare the bones of the wicked, so that they resemble the whiteness of this lotus. It is also called 隨色花; when a bud, it is known as 屈摩羅; and when fading, as 迦摩羅.

初転法輪

see styles
 shotenpourin; shotenbourin; shotenhourin / shotenporin; shotenborin; shotenhorin
    しょてんぽうりん; しょてんぼうりん; しょてんほうりん
{Buddh} setting in motion the wheel of the dharma; the first turning of the wheel

化相三寶


化相三宝

see styles
huà xiàng sān bǎo
    hua4 xiang4 san1 bao3
hua hsiang san pao
 kesō sanbō
The nirmāṇakāya Buddha in the triratna forms; in Hīnayāna these are the human 16-foot Buddha, his dharma as revealed in the four axioms and twelve nidānas, and his sangha, or disciples, i. e. arhats and pratyekabuddhas.

医歯薬学

see styles
 ishiyakugaku
    いしやくがく
(study of) medicine, dentistry and pharmacology

十二因緣


十二因缘

see styles
shí èr yīn yuán
    shi2 er4 yin1 yuan2
shih erh yin yüan
 jūni innen
Dvādaśaṅga pratītyasamutpāda; the twelve nidānas; v. 尼 and 因; also 十二緣起; 因緣有支; 因緣率連; 因緣棘園; 因緣輪; 因緣重城; 因緣觀; 支佛觀. They are the twelve links in the chain of existence: (1) 無明avidyā, ignorance, or unenlightenment; (2) 行 saṃskāra, action, activity, conception, "dispositions," Keith; (3) 識 vijñāna, consciousness; (4) 名色 nāmarūpa, name and form; (5) 六入 ṣaḍāyatana, the six sense organs, i.e. eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind; (6) 觸 sparśa, contact, touch; (7) 受 vedanā, sensation, feeling; (8) 愛 tṛṣṇā, thirst, desire, craving; (9) 取 upādāna, laying hold of, grasping; (10) 有 bhava, being, existing; (11) 生 jāti, birth; (12) 老死 jarāmaraṇa, old age, death. The "classical formula" reads "By reason of ignorance dispositions; by reason of dispositions consciousness", etc. A further application of the twelve nidānas is made in regard to their causaton of rebirth: (1) ignorance, as inherited passion from the beginningless past ; (2) karma, good and evil, of past lives; (3) conception as a form of perception; (4) nāmarūpa, or body and mind evolving (in the womb); (5) the six organs on the verge of birth; (6) childhood whose intelligence is limited to sparśa, contact or touch; (7) receptivity or budding intelligence and discrimination from 6 or 7 years; (8) thirst, desire, or love, age of puberty; (9) the urge of sensuous existence; (10) forming the substance, bhava, of future karma; (11) the completed karma ready for rebirth; (12) old age and death. The two first are associated with the previous life, the other ten with the present. The theory is equally applicable to all realms of reincarnation. The twelve links are also represented in a chart, at the centre of which are the serpent (anger), boar (ignorance, or stupidity), and dove (lust) representing the fundamental sins. Each catches the other by the tail, typifying the train of sins producing the wheel of life. In another circle the twelve links are represented as follows: (1) ignorance, a blind woman; (2) action, a potter at work, or man gathering fruit; (3) consciousness, a restless monkey; (4) name and form, a boat; (5) sense organs, a house; (6) contact, a man and woman sitting together; (7) sensation, a man pierced by an arrow; (8) desire, a man drinking wine; (9) craving, a couple in union; (10) existence through childbirth; (11) birth, a man carrying a corpse; (12) disease, old age, death, an old woman leaning on a stick. v. 十二因緣論 Pratītya-samutpāda śāstra.

十二火天

see styles
shí èr huǒ tiān
    shi2 er4 huo3 tian1
shih erh huo t`ien
    shih erh huo tien
 jūnikaten
The homa-, or fire-spirits; Whose representations, colours, magic words, signs, symbols, and mode of worship are given in the 大日經疏20. Also 十二火尊; 十二種火法. The twelve fire-spirits are: (1) Indra or Vairocana, the discoverer or source of fire, symbolizing 智 knowledge; (2) the moon 行滿 which progresses to fullness, with mercy as root and enlightenment as fruit, i,e. Buddha; (3) the wind, represented as a half-moon, fanner of fame, of zeal, and by driving away dark clouds, of enlightenment; (4) the red rays of the rising sun, rohitaka, his swords (or rays) indicating 議 wisdom; (5) 沒M004101拏 a form half stern, half smiling, sternly driving away the passions and trials; (6) 忿怒 irate, bellowing with open mouth, showing four teeth, flowing locks, one eye closed; (7) 闍吒羅 fire burning within, i.e. the inner witness, or realization; (8) 迄灑耶 the waster, or destroyer of waste and injurious products within, i.e. inner purification; (9) 意生 the producer at will, capable of all variety, resembling Viśvakarman, the Brahmanic Vulcan; (10) 羯羅微 the fire-eater; (11) untraceable; (12) 謨賀那 the completer, also the subduer of demons.

十二部經


十二部经

see styles
shí èr bù jīng
    shi2 er4 bu4 jing1
shih erh pu ching
 jūnibu kyō
Twelve divisions of the Mahāyāna canon: (1) 修多羅 sūtra; (2) 祇夜 geya; (3) 伽陀 gāthā; (4) 尼陀那 nidāna, also 因緣; (5) 伊帝目多 itivṛttaka; (6) 闍多伽 jātaka; (7) 阿浮達摩 adbhuta-dharma, i.e. the 阿毘達摩 abhidhama; (8) 阿波陀那 avadāna; (9) 優婆提舍 upadeśa; (10) 優陀那udāna; (11) 毘佛略 vaipulya; (12) 和 伽羅 vyākaraṇa. Cf. 九部經.

十念往生

see styles
shí niàn wǎng shēng
    shi2 nian4 wang3 sheng1
shih nien wang sheng
 jūnen ōjō
These ten invocations will carry a dying man with an evil karma into the Pure-land.

十發趣心


十发趣心

see styles
shí fā qù xīn
    shi2 fa1 qu4 xin1
shih fa ch`ü hsin
    shih fa chü hsin
 jū hosshu shin
The ten directional decisions: (1) renouncement of the world; (2) observance of the commandments; (3) patience or endurance; (4) zealous progress; (5) meditation; (6) wisdom or understanding; (7) 願心 the will for good for oneself and others; (8) 護心 protection (of Buddha, Dharma, Sangha); (9) 喜心 joy; (10) 頂心 highest wisdom. v. 梵綱經, 心地品.

南無三宝

see styles
 namusanbou / namusanbo
    なむさんぼう
(exp,int) (1) (yoji) {Buddh} (See 三宝・さんぼう) Homage to the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma and Sangha); (interjection) (2) (dated) (yoji) oh no!; good heavens!; oops

南都六宗

see styles
nán dū liù zōng
    nan2 du1 liu4 zong1
nan tu liu tsung
 nantorokushuu / nantorokushu
    なんとろくしゅう
six sects of Buddhism brought to Japan during the Nara period (Sanlun, Satyasiddhi, Faxiang, Abhidharmakosha, Vinaya, and Huayan)
six schools of the southern capital (Nara)

周遍法界

see styles
zhōu biàn fǎ jiè
    zhou1 bian4 fa3 jie4
chou pien fa chieh
 shūhen hokkai
The universal dharmadhātu; the universe as an expression of the dharmakāya; the universe; cf. 法界.

唯識中道


唯识中道

see styles
wéi shì zhōng dào
    wei2 shi4 zhong1 dao4
wei shih chung tao
 yuishiki chūdō
The madhya, or medial doctrine of idealism as held by the 法相 Dharmalakṣana school, that all things are of mind, evolution, and are neither in themselves real nor unreal.

四如意足

see styles
sì rú yì zú
    si4 ru2 yi4 zu2
ssu ju i tsu
 shi nyoi soku
四神足 ṛddhi-pāda; the third group of the 三十七科道品 bodhi-pakṣikadharma; the four steps to supernatural powers, making the body independent of ordinary or natural law. The four steps are said to be the 四種禪定 four kinds of dhyāna, but there are several definitions, e. g. 欲神足 chanda-ṛddhi-pāda, desire (or intensive longing, or concentration); 勤神足 virya-ṛddhi-pāda, energy (or intensified effort); 心神足 citta-ṛddhi-pāda, memory (or intense holding on to the position reached); 觀神足 mīmāṃsa-ṛddhi-pāda., meditation (or survey, the state of dhyāna).

四尋思觀


四寻思观

see styles
sì xún sī guān
    si4 xun2 si1 guan1
ssu hsün ssu kuan
 shi jinshi kan
A study or contemplation of the 法相宗 Dharmalakṣana sect, on 名 the terms used, 義 the meanings of the things or phenomena, 自性 the nature of the things, 差別 their differentiation.

四律五論


四律五论

see styles
sì lǜ wǔ lùn
    si4 lv4 wu3 lun4
ssu lü wu lun
 shiritsu goron
The four vinaya and the five śāstras. The four vinaya 四律, or disciplinary regulations, are the 十誦律 Sarvāstivāda version tr. in 61 chuan by Punyatara; 四分律 Dharmagupta's version, tr. in 60 chuan by Buddhayaśas; 僧祗律 Sāṃghika version or Mahāsāṃghika version, tr. in 40 chuan, by Buddhabhadra; and 五部律 Mahīśāsaka version, tr. in 30 chuan by Buddhajīva and others, also known as Mahīśāsaka-nikāya-pañcavargavinaya. The five śāstras 五論 are 毘尼母論; 摩得勒伽論; 善見論; 薩婆多論; and 明了論. v. 論.

四德樂邦


四德乐邦

see styles
sì dé lè bāng
    si4 de2 le4 bang1
ssu te le pang
 shitoku rakuhō
四德波羅蜜 The joyful realm, or acme of the above four virtues, the nirvana realm, the abode or dharmakāya of the Tathāgata.

四波羅夷


四波罗夷

see styles
sì bō luó yí
    si4 bo1 luo2 yi2
ssu po lo i
 shi harai
四重; 四棄, 四極重感墮罪 The four pārājikas, or grievous sins of monks or nuns: (1) abrahmacarya, sexual immorality, or bestiality; (2) adattādāna, stealing; (3) vadhahiṃṣa killing; (4) uttaramanuṣyadharma-prālapa, false speaking.

四無礙解


四无碍解

see styles
sì wú ài jiě
    si4 wu2 ai4 jie3
ssu wu ai chieh
 shi muge ge
(or 四無礙智 or 四無礙辯). pratisaṃvid, the four unhindered or unlimited bodhisattva powers of interpretation, or reasoning, i. e. in 法 dharma, the letter of the law; 義 artha, its meaning; ? nirukti, in any language, or form of expression; 樂說 pratibhāna, in eloquence, or pleasure in speaking, or argument.

四種信心


四种信心

see styles
sì zhǒng xìn xīn
    si4 zhong3 xin4 xin1
ssu chung hsin hsin
 shi shu shinshin
The four kinds of faith given in the Awakening of Faith, i. e. (1) in the 眞如 q. v. as the teacher of all Buddhas and fount of all action; (2) in Buddha, or the Buddhas; (3) in the Dharma; and (4) in the Sarogha.

四種觀行


四种观行

see styles
sì zhǒng guān xíng
    si4 zhong3 guan1 xing2
ssu chung kuan hsing
 shishu kangyō
The four kinds of examination, a method of repentance as a way to get rid of any sin: study the cause of the sin, which lies in ignorance, or lack of clear understanding, e. g. moth and fame; study its inevitable effect, its karma; study oneself, introspection; and study the Tathāgata in his perfect character, and saving power.

四階成道


四阶成道

see styles
sì jiē chéng dào
    si4 jie1 cheng2 dao4
ssu chieh ch`eng tao
    ssu chieh cheng tao
 shikai jōdō
(or 四階成佛) The four Hīnayāna steps for attaining Buddhahood, i. e. the myriad deeds of the three asaṃkhyeya kalpas; the continually good karma of a hundred great kalpas; in the final body the cutting off of the illusions of the lower eight states; and the taking of one's seat on the bodhi-plot for final enlightenment, and the cutting off of the thirty-four forms of delusive thought.

因果因縁

see styles
 ingainnen
    いんがいんねん
(yoji) cause and effect; karma; retribution; an evil cause producing an evil effect

因果報應


因果报应

see styles
yīn guǒ bào yìng
    yin1 guo3 bao4 ying4
yin kuo pao ying
(Buddhism) retribution; karma

因果応報

see styles
 ingaouhou / ingaoho
    いんがおうほう
(yoji) retribution; retributive justice; karma; just deserts; poetic justice; reward and punishment for one's past behavior

地域薬局

see styles
 chiikiyakkyoku / chikiyakkyoku
    ちいきやっきょく
(See 門前薬局) community pharmacy

坐久成勞


坐久成劳

see styles
zuò jiǔ chéng láo
    zuo4 jiu3 cheng2 lao2
tso chiu ch`eng lao
    tso chiu cheng lao
 zakyu jōrō
To accomplish one's labour by prolonged sitting, as did Bodhidharma.

大塚製薬

see styles
 ootsukaseiyaku / ootsukaseyaku
    おおつかせいやく
(company) Otsuka Pharmaceutical; (c) Otsuka Pharmaceutical

大寶法王


大宝法王

see styles
dà bǎo fǎ wáng
    da4 bao3 fa3 wang2
ta pao fa wang
 Daihō Hōō
Mahāratna-dharma-rāja. Title of the reformer of the Tibetan church, founder of the Yellow sect, b. A.D. 1417 ,worshipped as an incarnation of Amitābha, now incarnate in every Bogdo gegen Hutuktu reigning in Mongolia. He received this title in A. D. 1426. See 宗客巴 Tsong-kha-Pa.

天王如來


天王如来

see styles
tiān wáng rú lái
    tian1 wang2 ru2 lai2
t`ien wang ju lai
    tien wang ju lai
 Tennō Nyorai
Devarāja-tathāgata, the name by which Devadatta, the enemy of Śākyamuni, will be known on his future appearance as a Buddha in the universe called 天道 Devasopāna; his present residence in hell being temporary for his karmaic expurgation.

妙法一乘

see styles
miào fǎ yī shèng
    miao4 fa3 yi1 sheng4
miao fa i sheng
 myōhō ichijō
The One Vehicle of the wonderful dharma, or perfect Mahāyāna.

尸羅達磨


尸罗达磨

see styles
shī luó dá mó
    shi1 luo2 da2 mo2
shih lo ta mo
 Shiradaruma
Śīladharma, a śramaṇa of Khotan.

平等法身

see styles
píng děng fǎ shēn
    ping2 deng3 fa3 shen1
p`ing teng fa shen
    ping teng fa shen
 byōdō hosshin
Universalized dharmakāya, a stage in Bodhisattva development above the eighth, i. e. above the 八地.

念佛三昧

see styles
niàn fó sān mèi
    nian4 fo2 san1 mei4
nien fo san mei
 nenbutsu zanmai
The samādhi in which the individual whole-heartedly thinks of the appearance of the Buddha, or of the dharmakāya, or repeats the Buddha's name. The one who enters into this samādhi, or merely repeats the name of Amitābha, however evil his life may have been, will acquire the merits of Amitābha and be received into Paradise, hence the term.

應化法身


应化法身

see styles
yìng huà fǎ shēn
    ying4 hua4 fa3 shen1
ying hua fa shen
 ōge hō shin
Responsive manifestation of the dharmakāya, or Absolute Buddha, in infinite forms.

懸壺濟世


悬壶济世

see styles
xuán hú jì shì
    xuan2 hu2 ji4 shi4
hsüan hu chi shih
practice medicine or pharmacy to help the people or public

戒師五德


戒师五德

see styles
jiè shī wǔ dé
    jie4 shi1 wu3 de2
chieh shih wu te
 kaishi gotoku
The five virtues of the teacher of the discipline: obedience to the rules, twenty years as monk, ability to explain the vinaya, meditation, ability to explain the abhidharma.

指定薬物

see styles
 shiteiyakubutsu / shiteyakubutsu
    していやくぶつ
designated drug (under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law)

提婆設摩


提婆设摩

see styles
tí pó shè mó
    ti2 po2 she4 mo2
t`i p`o she mo
    ti po she mo
 Dibasetsuma
Devakṣema, or Devaśarman, an arhat who wrote the 阿毘達磨識身足論 tr. by Xuanzang, A. D. 649, in which he denied the ego.

摩咥哩迦

see styles
mó dié lī jiā
    mo2 die2 li1 jia1
mo tieh li chia
 Machirika
咥哩迦 Mātṛkā, a name for the Abhidharmapiṭaka.

摩怛里迦

see styles
mó dá lǐ jiā
    mo2 da2 li3 jia1
mo ta li chia
mātṛkā, also 摩呾里迦; 摩怛履迦; 摩得勒伽 (or 摩德勒伽); 摩多羅迦; 摩侄梨迦; 摩室里迦; 摩夷; the Abhidharma-piṭaka, as the mother of Buddhist philosophy.

撥無因果


拨无因果

see styles
bō wú yīn guǒ
    bo1 wu2 yin1 guo3
po wu yin kuo
 batsumu inga
To dispense with, or deny the law of karma, one of the five heresies.

方便殺生


方便杀生

see styles
fāng biàn shā shēng
    fang1 bian4 sha1 sheng1
fang pien sha sheng
 hōben sesshō
The right of great Bodhisattvas, knowing every one's karma, to kill without sinning, e. g. in order to prevent a person from committing sin involving unintermitted suffering, or to aid him in reaching one of the higher reincarnations.

施設論部


施设论部

see styles
shī shè lùn bù
    shi1 she4 lun4 bu4
shih she lun pu
 Sesetsuron bu
Kārmikāḥ, the school of Karma, which taught the superiority of morality over knowledge.

有餘涅槃


有余涅槃

see styles
yǒu yú niè pán
    you3 yu2 nie4 pan2
yu yü nieh p`an
    yu yü nieh pan
 uyo nehan
有餘依 (有餘依涅槃) Incomplete nirvāṇa. Hīnayāna holds that the arhat after his last term of mortal existence enters into nirvāṇa, while alive here he is in the state of sopādhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa, limited, or modified, nirvāṇa, as contrasted with 無餘涅槃 nirupadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa. Mahāyāna holds that when the cause 因 of reincarnation is ended the state is that of 有餘涅槃 incomplete nirvāṇa; when the effect 果 is ended, and 得佛之常身 the eternal Buddha-body has been obtained, then there is 無餘涅槃 complete nirvāṇa. Mahāyāna writers say that in the Hīnayāna 無餘涅槃 'remainderless' nirvāṇa for the arhat there are still remains of illusion, karma, and suffering, and it is therefore 有餘涅槃; in Mahāyāna 無餘涅槃 these remains of illusion, etc., are ended.

Entries with 2nd row of characters: The 2nd row is Simplified Chinese.

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This page contains 100 results for "Arma" in Chinese and/or Japanese.



Information about this dictionary:

Apparently, we were the first ones who were crazy enough to think that western people might want a combined Chinese, Japanese, and Buddhist dictionary.

A lot of westerners can't tell the difference between Chinese and Japanese - and there is a reason for that. Chinese characters and even whole words were borrowed by Japan from the Chinese language in the 5th century. Much of the time, if a word or character is used in both languages, it will have the same or a similar meaning. However, this is not always true. Language evolves, and meanings independently change in each language.

Example: The Chinese character 湯 for soup (hot water) has come to mean bath (hot water) in Japanese. They have the same root meaning of "hot water", but a 湯屋 sign on a bathhouse in Japan would lead a Chinese person to think it was a "soup house" or a place to get a bowl of soup. See this: Japanese Bath House

This dictionary uses the EDICT and CC-CEDICT dictionary files.
EDICT data is the property of the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, and is used in conformance with the Group's license.

Chinese Buddhist terms come from Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms by William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous. This is commonly referred to as "Soothill's'". It was first published in 1937 (and is now off copyright so we can use it here). Some of these definitions may be misleading, incomplete, or dated, but 95% of it is good information. Every professor who teaches Buddhism or Eastern Religion has a copy of this on their bookshelf. We incorporated these 16,850 entries into our dictionary database ourselves (it was lot of work).



Combined, these cover 1,007,753 Japanese, Chinese, and Buddhist characters, words, idioms, names, placenames, and short phrases.

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