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Mandarin Chinese information.
Old Wade-Giles romanization used only in Taiwan.
Japanese information.
Buddhist definition. Note: May not apply to all sects.
 Definition may be different outside of Buddhism.

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Characters Pronunciation
Romanization
Simple Dictionary Definition

監護人


监护人

see styles
jiān hù rén
    jian1 hu4 ren2
chien hu jen
guardian

祕密主


秘密主

see styles
mì mì zhǔ
    mi4 mi4 zhu3
mi mi chu
 Himitsushu
Vajrasattva, cf. 金剛薩埵, who is king of Yakṣas and guardian of the secret of Buddhas.

神衆壇


神众坛

see styles
shén zhòng tán
    shen2 zhong4 tan2
shen chung t`an
    shen chung tan
 jinshu dan
guardian's altar

菴婆女


庵婆女

see styles
ān pó nǚ
    an1 po2 nv3
an p`o nü
    an po nü
 Anbanyo
(菴婆羅女) Āmradārika, Āmrapālī, Ambapālī; the guardian of the āmra tree; a female who presented to Śākyamuni the Āmravana garden; another legend says she was born of an āmra tree; mother of Jīvaka, son of Bimbisāra.

虛空藏


虚空藏

see styles
xū kōng zàng
    xu1 kong1 zang4
hsü k`ung tsang
    hsü kung tsang
 Kokū Zō
Ākāśagarbha, or Gaganagarbha, the central bodhisattva in the court of space in the garbhadhātu group; guardian of the treasury of all wisdom and achievement; his powers extend to the five directions of space; five forms of him are portrayed under different names; he is also identified with the dawn, Aruṇa, and the 明星 or Venus.

補助人

see styles
 hojonin
    ほじょにん
limited guardian

親権者

see styles
 shinkensha
    しんけんしゃ
legal guardian

訶利底


诃利底

see styles
hē lì dǐ
    he1 li4 di3
ho li ti
 Karitei
Hāritī; also 訶利帝 (or 訶哩帝); 呵利底; 呵利帝 (or 呵利陀); 阿利底 Ariti; intp. as captivating, charming; cruel; dark green, yellow, etc.; mother of demons, a rākṣasī who was under a vow to devour the children of Rājagṛha, but was converted by the Buddha, and became the guardian of nunneries, where her image, carrying a child and with children by her, is worshipped for children or in children's ailments.

護戒神


护戒神

see styles
hù jiè shén
    hu4 jie4 shen2
hu chieh shen
 gokaishin
The five guardian-spirits of each of the five commandments, cf. 二十五神.

護持增


护持增

see styles
hù chí zēng
    hu4 chi2 zeng1
hu ch`ih tseng
    hu chih tseng
 gojisō
guardian monk

道祖神

see styles
 dourokujin / dorokujin
    どうろくじん
traveler's guardian deity (traveller); (place-name) Dōrokujin

道陸神

see styles
 dourokujin / dorokujin
    どうろくじん
(See 道祖神) traveler's guardian deity (traveller); (place-name) Dōrokujin

金剛神


金刚神

see styles
jīn gāng shén
    jin1 gang1 shen2
chin kang shen
 kongō jin
The guardian spirits of the Buddhist order; the large idols at the entrance of Buddhist monasteries; also 金剛手; 金剛力士.

金比羅

see styles
 konpira
    こんぴら
guardian deity of seafaring; Kumbhira; (g,p) Konpira

金毘羅


金毘罗

see styles
jīn pí luó
    jin1 pi2 luo2
chin p`i lo
    chin pi lo
 konpira
    こんぴら
guardian deity of seafaring; Kumbhira; (place-name) Konpira
kumbhīra, 金毘囉; 金波羅; 禁毘羅 (or 宮毘羅); a crocodile, alligator, described as 蛟龍 a 'boa-dragon'; cf. 失. A yakṣa-king who was converted and became a guardian of Buddhism, also known as 金毘羅陀 (金毘羅陀迦毘羅); 金毘羅神; 金毘羅大將. For 金毘羅比丘 Kampilla, v. 劫.

鉤菩薩


钩菩萨

see styles
gōu pú sà
    gou1 pu2 sa4
kou p`u sa
    kou pu sa
 kō bosatsu
The bodhisattva guardian with the trident, one of the four with barb, noose, chain or bell.

障の神

see styles
 saenokami
    さえのかみ
    sainokami
    さいのかみ
traveler's guardian deity (traveller)

韋將軍


韦将军

see styles
wéi jiàng jun
    wei2 jiang4 jun1
wei chiang chün
(韋天將軍) One of the generals under the southern mahārāja guardian in a temple.

韋陀天

see styles
 idaten
    いだてん
{Buddh} Wei-To (temple guardian sometimes confused with Vajrapani); (personal name) Ida-ten

韋馱天


韦驮天

see styles
wéi tuó tiān
    wei2 tuo2 tian1
wei t`o t`ien
    wei to tien
(韋馱) Weiduo, the guardian facing the main hall of a temple; the origin of Weiduo is uncertain.

韋駄天

see styles
 idaten
    いだてん
(1) {Buddh} Skanda (swift-footed guardian deity); (2) great runner

三世覺母


三世觉母

see styles
sān shì jué mǔ
    san1 shi4 jue2 mu3
san shih chüeh mu
 sanze(no)kakumo
A name for Mañjuśrī 文殊; as guardian of the wisdom of Vairocana he is the bodhi-mother of all Buddhas past, present, and future.

三十六神

see styles
sān shí liù shén
    san1 shi2 liu4 shen2
san shih liu shen
 sanjūroku shin
(三十六部神) The thirty-six departmental guardian divinities given in the 灌頂三歸五戒帶佩護身咒經. Each is styled 彌栗頭 mṛdu, benign, kindly, for which 善 is used. Their Sanskrit and Chinese names are given in Chinese as follows: (1) 不羅婆 or 善光 kindly light, has to do with attacks of disease; (2) 婆呵婆 or 善明 headaches; (3) 婆邏婆 or 善力 fevers; (4) 抗陀羅 or 善月 disorders of the stomach; (5) 陀利奢 or 善見 tumours; (6) 阿婁呵 or 善供 madness; (7) 伽婆帝 or 善捨 stupidity; (8) 悉抵哆 or 善寂 irascibility; (9) 菩堤薩 or善覺 lust; (10) 提婆羅 or 善天 devils; (11) 阿婆帝 or 善住 deadly injuries; (12) 不若羅 of 善福 graves; (13) 苾闍伽 or 善術 the four quarters; (14) 迦隸婆 or 善帝 enemies; (15) 羅闍遮 or 善主 robbers; (16) 須乾陀 or 善香 creditors; (17) 檀那波 or 善施 thieves; (18) 支多那 or 善意 pestilence; (19) 羅婆那 or 善吉 the five plagues (? typhoid); (20) 鉢婆馱 or 善山 corpse worms; (21) 三摩提 or 善調 continuous concentration; (22) 戾禘馱 or 善備 restlessness; (23) 波利陀 or 善敬 attraction; (24) 波利那 or 善淨 evil cabals; (25) 度伽地 or 善品 deadly poison; (26) 毘梨馱 or 善結 fear; (27) 支陀那 or 善壽 calamities; (28) 伽林摩 or 善逝 childbirth and nursing; (29) 阿留伽 or 善願 the district magistracy; (30) 闍利馱 or 善固 altercations; (31) 阿伽駄 or 善照 anxieties and distresses; (32) 阿訶婆 or 善生 uneasiness; (33) 婆和邏 or 善思 supernatural manifestations; (34) 波利那 or 善藏 jealousy; (35) 固陀那 or 善音 curses; (36) 韋陀羅 or 善妙 exorcism. They have innumerable assistants. He who writes their names and carries them with him can be free from all fear.

三十番神

see styles
 sanjuubanjin / sanjubanjin
    さんじゅうばんじん
{Buddh} the thirty guardian deities (one for each day of the lunar month)

三宝荒神

see styles
 sanboukoujin / sanbokojin
    さんぼうこうじん
(1) {Buddh} (See 三宝) guardian deity of the three jewels (Buddha, Dharma and Sangha); (2) three-person saddle

二十五神

see styles
èr shí wǔ shén
    er4 shi2 wu3 shen2
erh shih wu shen
 nijūgo shin
The twenty-five guardian deities who protect any keeper of the commandments, i.e. five for each of the commandments against killing, robbing, adultery, lying, and drinking.

五大明王

see styles
wǔ dà míng wáng
    wu3 da4 ming2 wang2
wu ta ming wang
 godaimyouou / godaimyoo
    ごだいみょうおう
{Buddh} five great wisdom kings (Acala, Kundali, Trilokavijaya, Vajrayaksa, Yamantaka)
The five Dharmapālas, or Law-guardians of the Five Dhyāni-Buddhas, of whom they are emanations or embodiments in two forms, compassionate and minatory. The five kings are the fierce aspect, e. g. Yamantaka, or the 六足尊金剛 Six-legged Honoured One is an emanation of Mañjuśrī, who is an emanation of Amitābha. The five kings are 不動, 降三世, 軍荼梨, 六足尊, and 淨身, all vajra-kings.

五部忿怒

see styles
wǔ bù fèn nù
    wu3 bu4 fen4 nu4
wu pu fen nu
 go bu funnu
five great guardian kings

保境將軍


保境将军

see styles
bǎo jìng jiàng jun
    bao3 jing4 jiang4 jun1
pao ching chiang chün
 hōkyō shōgun
The guardian general of the region.

大力金剛


大力金刚

see styles
dà lì jīn gāng
    da4 li4 jin1 gang1
ta li chin kang
 dairiki kongō
The mighty "diamond" or Vajra-mahārāja in the Garbhadhātu group, a fierce guardian and servant of Buddhism, see below.

天の邪鬼

see styles
 amanojaku
    あまのじゃく
(n,adj-na,adj-no) (1) perversity; perverse person; contrary person; contrarian; (2) antagonistic demon in Japanese folklore; (3) demon under the feet of temple guardian statues

委任契約

see styles
 ininkeiyaku / ininkeyaku
    いにんけいやく
{law} delegation contract; mandate agreement; contract delegating legal authority (e.g. to a guardian)

子安地蔵

see styles
 koyasujizou / koyasujizo
    こやすじぞう
(See 地蔵) guardian Ksitigarbha of childbirth (bodhisattva)

子安観音

see styles
 koyasukannon
    こやすかんのん
(See 観音) guardian Avalokitesvara of children and childbirth (bodhisattva)

守り本尊

see styles
 mamorihonzon
    まもりほんぞん
guardian deity

弩達囉灑


弩达囉洒

see styles
nǔ dá luō sǎ
    nu3 da2 luo1 sa3
nu ta lo sa
 Dodarasha
Durdharṣa, hard to hold 難執持, or hard to overcome 難降伏, or hard to behold 無能見, guardian of the inner gate in Vairocana's maṇḍala.

提多羅吒


提多罗咤

see styles
tí duō luó zhà
    ti2 duo1 luo2 zha4
t`i to lo cha
    ti to lo cha
 Daitarata
Dhṛtarāṣṭra, one of the four mahārājas, the yellow guardian eastward of Sumeru; also 頭賴吒; 第黎多曷羅殺吒羅.

毘沙門天


毘沙门天

see styles
pí shā mén tiān
    pi2 sha1 men2 tian1
p`i sha men t`ien
    pi sha men tien
 bishamonten
    びしゃもんてん
{Buddh} Vaisravana (guardian god of Buddhism); (place-name) Bishamonten
(Skt. Vaiśravaṇa)

毘流波叉


毗流波叉

see styles
pí liú bō chā
    pi2 liu2 bo1 cha1
p`i liu po ch`a
    pi liu po cha
 Biruhasha
Virūpākṣa, 'irregular-eyed,' 'three-eyed like Śiva,' translated wide-eyed, or evil-eyed; one of the four mahārājas, guardian of the West, lord of nāgas, colour red. Also 毘流博叉 (or 毘樓博叉); 鼻溜波阿叉; 鞞路波阿迄.

牛頭大王


牛头大王

see styles
niú tóu dà wáng
    niu2 tou2 da4 wang2
niu t`ou ta wang
    niu tou ta wang
 gozu daiō
The guardian deity of the Jetavana monastery, and an incarnation of 藥師 q. v.

獅子舞い

see styles
 shishimai
    ししまい
lion dance; traditional dance performed by one or more dancers wearing a guardian lion costume

神様仏様

see styles
 kamisamahotokesama
    かみさまほとけさま
God and Buddha; Gods and Buddhas; one's guardian angel

菩提樹神


菩提树神

see styles
pú tí shù shén
    pu2 ti2 shu4 shen2
p`u t`i shu shen
    pu ti shu shen
 Bodaiju jin
The goddess-guardian of the Bo-tree.

被後見者

see styles
 hikoukensha / hikokensha
    ひこうけんしゃ
ward (of a guardian); pupil

見たてる

see styles
 mitateru
    みたてる
(transitive verb) (1) to select; to choose; (2) to diagnose (an illness); to judge; (3) to liken to something else; to regard as something else (e.g. to use another person as a mirror); (4) to see someone off; (5) to look after; to be (someone's) guardian; (6) to underrate; to look down on; to underestimate (someone)

見立てる

see styles
 mitateru
    みたてる
(transitive verb) (1) to select; to choose; (2) to diagnose (an illness); to judge; (3) to liken to something else; to regard as something else (e.g. to use another person as a mirror); (4) to see someone off; (5) to look after; to be (someone's) guardian; (6) to underrate; to look down on; to underestimate (someone)

護世四王


护世四王

see styles
hù shì sì wáng
    hu4 shi4 si4 wang2
hu shih ssu wang
 gose shiō
four guardian kings

護伽藍神


护伽蓝神

see styles
hù qié lán shén
    hu4 qie2 lan2 shen2
hu ch`ieh lan shen
    hu chieh lan shen
 gogaran jin
guardian temple deity(s)

護明大士


护明大士

see styles
hù míng dà shì
    hu4 ming2 da4 shi4
hu ming ta shih
 Gomyō daishi
Prabhāpāla; guardian of light, or illumination, name of Śākyamuni when in the Tuṣita heaven before earthly incarnation.

金剛力士


金刚力士

see styles
jīn gāng lì shì
    jin1 gang1 li4 shi4
chin kang li shih
 kongourikishi / kongorikishi
    こんごうりきし
{Buddh} Deva king; fierce guardian god (at a temple gate)
vajra-warriors

金剛夜叉


金刚夜叉

see styles
jīn gāng yè chā
    jin1 gang1 ye4 cha1
chin kang yeh ch`a
    chin kang yeh cha
 kongō yasa
    こんごうやしゃ
Vajrayaksa
(or 金剛藥叉) Vajrayakṣa. One of the five 大明王, fierce guardian of the north in the region of Amoghasiddhi, or Śākyamuni, also styled the bodhisattva with the fangs.

金剛怒目


金刚怒目

see styles
jīn gāng nù mù
    jin1 gang1 nu4 mu4
chin kang nu mu
(idiom) to have a face as terrifying as a temple's guardian deity

鎮守の神

see styles
 chinjunokami
    ちんじゅのかみ
local deity; guardian god

閻曼德迦


阎曼德迦

see styles
yán màn dé jiā
    yan2 man4 de2 jia1
yen man te chia
 Enmantokuka
Yamāntaka, the destroyer; Śiva, Yama's destroyer; one of the 明王 represented with six legs, guardian of the West.

韋馱菩薩


韦驮菩萨

see styles
wéi tuó pú sà
    wei2 tuo2 pu2 sa4
wei t`o p`u sa
    wei to pu sa
Skanda, the general or guardian Bodhisattva

三十六部神

see styles
sān shí liù bù shén
    san1 shi2 liu4 bu4 shen2
san shih liu pu shen
 sanjūrokubu shin
thirty-six departmental guardian deities

伊朗憲監會


伊朗宪监会

see styles
yī lǎng xiàn jiān huì
    yi1 lang3 xian4 jian1 hui4
i lang hsien chien hui
Guardian Council of the Constitution of Iran

伊羅鉢龍王


伊罗钵龙王

see styles
yī luó bō lóng wáng
    yi1 luo2 bo1 long2 wang2
i lo po lung wang
 irahatsuryū ō
(伊羅鉢多羅龍王); 伊羅多羅 (or 伊羅跋羅); 伊羅婆那; 伊那槃婆龍 and many other forms, v. supra. Elāpattra, Erāpattra, Eḍavarṇa, Ersavarṇa. A nāga, or elephant, which is also a meaning of Airāvaṇa and Airāvata. A nāga-guardian of a sea or lake, who had plucked a herb wrongfully in a previous incarnation, been made into a naga and now begged the Buddha that he might be reborn in a higher sphere. Another version is that he pulled up a tree, which stuck to his head and grew there, hence his name. One form is 伊羅婆那龍象王, which may have an association with Indra's elephant.

倶毘留波叉


倶毗留波叉

see styles
jù pí liú bō chā
    ju4 pi2 liu2 bo1 cha1
chü p`i liu po ch`a
    chü pi liu po cha
 Kubiruhasha
Defined variously, but in indicative of Virūpākṣa, the three-eyed Śiva; the guardian ruler of the West, v. 毘.

大元帥明王


大元帅明王

see styles
dà yuán shuài míng wáng
    da4 yuan2 shuai4 ming2 wang2
ta yüan shuai ming wang
 taigenmyouou; daigensuimyouou / taigenmyoo; daigensuimyoo
    たいげんみょうおう; だいげんすいみょうおう
{Buddh} Atavaka (guardian deity)
The great commander, one of the sixteen 明王 q.v., named Atavika 阿吒薄迦 (or 倶 or 皆). There are four sutras, chiefly spells connected with his cult.

大勇猛菩薩

see styles
dà yǒng měng pú sà
    da4 yong3 meng3 pu2 sa4
ta yung meng p`u sa
    ta yung meng pu sa
A guardian ruler in the Garbhadhātu group called Mahānīla, the Great Blue Pearl, or perhaps sapphire, which in some way is associated with him.

婆珊婆演底

see styles
pó shān pó yǎn dǐ
    po2 shan1 po2 yan3 di3
p`o shan p`o yen ti
    po shan po yen ti
 basan baentei
vasanta-vayantī, spring-weaving, but the description is of a guardian of the night or of sleep.

成年後見人

see styles
 seinenkoukennin / senenkokennin
    せいねんこうけんにん
{law} adult guardian; guardian of adult

毘訶羅波羅


毘诃罗波罗

see styles
pí hē luó bō luó
    pi2 he1 luo2 bo1 luo2
p`i ho lo po lo
    pi ho lo po lo
 bikarahara
vihārapāla, the guardian of a monastery.

Variations:
蚕玉
蚕霊

see styles
 kodama
    こだま
guardian deity of silkworms

那羅延金剛


那罗延金刚

see styles
nà luó yán jīn gāng
    na4 luo2 yan2 jin1 gang1
na lo yen chin kang
 naraen kongō
vajra-wielding guardian spirits

ガーディアン

see styles
 gaadian / gadian
    ガーディアン
guardian; (personal name) Gadian

密迹金剛力士


密迹金刚力士

see styles
mì jī jīn gāng lì shì
    mi4 ji1 jin1 gang1 li4 shi4
mi chi chin kang li shih
 Misshaku kongō rikishi
Vajrapāṇi, guardian of buddhas, driving away all yakṣa disturbers, a form of Indra; his dhāraṇīs have been twice translated into Chinese, v. B.N. The 密奢兜 esoteric 'Cintya' is a mantra said to have been used by all the seven buddhas down to and including Śākyamuni.

Variations:
山守
山守り

see styles
 yamamori
    やまもり
ranger (forest); mountain guardian

Variations:
山彦
山びこ

see styles
 yamabiko
    やまびこ
(1) echo (esp. one reverberating in the mountains); (2) mountain god; mountain guardian deity

Variations:
大年神
大歳神

see styles
 ootoshinokami
    おおとしのかみ
guardian deity of grain farming; guardian deity of the rice harvest

Variations:
守護竜
守護龍

see styles
 shugoryuu / shugoryu
    しゅごりゅう
(guards the 龍穴 from which flows the 龍脈) guardian dragon

憲法監護委員會


宪法监护委员会

see styles
xiàn fǎ jiān hù wěi yuán huì
    xian4 fa3 jian1 hu4 wei3 yuan2 hui4
hsien fa chien hu wei yüan hui
Guardian Council, body of 12 appointed clerics which governs Iran

Variations:
金毘羅
金比羅

see styles
 konpira
    こんぴら
guardian deity of seafaring; Kumbhira

Variations:
高麗(P)

see styles
 kourai(高麗)(p); koma / korai(高麗)(p); koma
    こうらい(高麗)(P); こま
(1) (こうらい only) (hist) (abbreviation) Goryeo (dynasty of Korea; 918-1392 CE); (n,n-pref) (2) Korea (esp. the Goguryeo kingdom or the Goryeo dynasty); (3) (狛 only) (See 狛犬) (stone) guardian lion-dogs at Shinto shrine

Variations:
仁王(P)
二王

see styles
 niou / nio
    におう
two Deva kings; guardian gods of Buddhism who stand at the entrance of a Buddhist temple

Variations:
獅子(P)
師子

see styles
 shishi
    しし
(1) (See ライオン) lion; (2) (See 狛犬) left-hand guardian dog at a Shinto shrine

Variations:
獅子舞
獅子舞い

see styles
 shishimai
    ししまい
lion dance; traditional dance performed by one or more dancers wearing a guardian lion costume

第黎多曷羅殺吒羅


第黎多曷罗杀咤罗

see styles
dì lí duō hé luó shā zhà luó
    di4 li2 duo1 he2 luo2 sha1 zha4 luo2
ti li to ho lo sha cha lo
 Dairaitakarasattara
Dhṛtarāṣṭra, one of the four mahārājas, the white guardian of the east, one of the lokapālas, a king of gandharvas and piśacas; cf. 提.

Variations:
船霊
船玉
船魂

see styles
 funadama
    ふなだま
guardian deity of a ship

Variations:
狛犬
高麗犬(sK)

see styles
 komainu
    こまいぬ
(stone) guardian lion-dogs at a Shinto shrine

Variations:
道祖神
塞の神
障の神

see styles
 dousojin(道祖神); dousoshin(道祖神); sainokami; saenokami / dosojin(道祖神); dososhin(道祖神); sainokami; saenokami
    どうそじん(道祖神); どうそしん(道祖神); さいのかみ; さえのかみ
traveler's guardian deity (traveller)

Variations:
獅子(P)
師子(rK)

see styles
 shishi
    しし
(1) (See ライオン) lion; (2) (See 狛犬,唐獅子・1) left-hand (stone) guardian lion-dog at a Shinto shrine

Variations:
ラーケーション
ラーケイション(sk)

see styles
 raakeeshon; raakeishon(sk) / rakeeshon; rakeshon(sk)
    ラーケーション; ラーケイション(sk)
optional day off school spent doing learning activities with a parent or guardian (wasei: lear(ning) (va)cation)

Variations:
天邪鬼
天の邪鬼
天ん邪鬼
天之邪鬼
天邪久

see styles
 amanojaku(天邪鬼, 天no邪鬼, 天之邪鬼, 天邪久); amanjaku(天n邪鬼)
    あまのじゃく(天邪鬼, 天の邪鬼, 天之邪鬼, 天邪久); あまんじゃく(天ん邪鬼)
(n,adj-na,adj-no) (1) perversity; perverse person; contrary person; contrarian; (2) antagonistic demon in Japanese folklore; (3) demon under the feet of temple guardian statues

Variations:
天邪鬼
天の邪鬼
天ん邪鬼
天之邪鬼(rK)
天邪久(rK)

see styles
 amanojaku(天邪鬼, 天no邪鬼, 天之邪鬼, 天邪久); amanjaku(天邪鬼, 天n邪鬼)
    あまのじゃく(天邪鬼, 天の邪鬼, 天之邪鬼, 天邪久); あまんじゃく(天邪鬼, 天ん邪鬼)
(n,adj-na,adj-no) (1) perversity; perverse person; contrary person; contrarian; (2) antagonistic demon in Japanese folklore; (3) demon under the feet of temple guardian statues

Entries with 2nd row of characters: The 2nd row is Simplified Chinese.

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This page contains 86 results for "guardian" in Chinese and/or Japanese.



Information about this dictionary:

Apparently, we were the first ones who were crazy enough to think that western people might want a combined Chinese, Japanese, and Buddhist dictionary.

A lot of westerners can't tell the difference between Chinese and Japanese - and there is a reason for that. Chinese characters and even whole words were borrowed by Japan from the Chinese language in the 5th century. Much of the time, if a word or character is used in both languages, it will have the same or a similar meaning. However, this is not always true. Language evolves, and meanings independently change in each language.

Example: The Chinese character 湯 for soup (hot water) has come to mean bath (hot water) in Japanese. They have the same root meaning of "hot water", but a 湯屋 sign on a bathhouse in Japan would lead a Chinese person to think it was a "soup house" or a place to get a bowl of soup. See this: Japanese Bath House

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Chinese Buddhist terms come from Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms by William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous. This is commonly referred to as "Soothill's'". It was first published in 1937 (and is now off copyright so we can use it here). Some of these definitions may be misleading, incomplete, or dated, but 95% of it is good information. Every professor who teaches Buddhism or Eastern Religion has a copy of this on their bookshelf. We incorporated these 16,850 entries into our dictionary database ourselves (it was lot of work).



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